I/ CAM KT CA VIT NAM V HNG HA I VI WTO

Biu cam kt v hng ha gm 03 phn: Phn 1: Thu sut Ti Hu Quc (Thu sut u i MFN), Phn 2: Cc nhng b preferential (thu sut lin quan n cc tha thun thng mi c lit k trong iu 1 ca hip nh GATT), Phn 3: Cc nhng b phi thu quan, Phn 4: Cc sn phm Nng Nghip : Cam kthn ch tr cp (iu 3 ca Hip nh Nng Nghip) Ni dung ca cc phn c th l: PHN I- THU SUTT TI HU QUC (THU SUT U I MFN) Biu cam kt thu quan l cam kt rng buc v mc thu MFN i vi tng dng thu v l mt phn khng tch ri ca Ngh nh th Gia nhp WTO ca Vit Nam. Biu cam kt thu quan gm hai hai phn chnh: o o o o Mc I Hng Nng Sn (Biu cam kt thu quan Hng Nng sn) Mc I A- Thu sut Mc I B Hn gch thu quan Mc II - Hng khc (Hng Phi Nng Sn) ( Biu cam kt thu quan Hng khc

Gii thch Biu cam kt thu quan (Mc IA V MC II), bao gm 4 ct. trong , Ct (1) v Ct (2) M hng v M t Hng ho: M s phn loi hng ho v M t c th v mt hng theo Danh mc hi ho biu thu quan ca cc nc ASEAN (ASEAN Hamornised Tariff Nomenclature AHTN) v da trn H thng Hi ho phn loi hng ho phin bn 2002 (Hamornised System 2002); Ct (3) Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp: Mc thu sut rng buc s phi thc hin ngay ti thi im gia nhp. Theo quy nh ca WTO, thi im gia nhp c tnh l thi im sau 30 ngy k t khi Ban th k WTO nhn c vn bn thng bo chnh thc ca Vit Nam v vic Quc hi ph chun cc vn kin gia nhp WTO; Ct (4) - Thu sut cam kt ct gim: Mc thu sut rng buc ct gim so vi mc thu ti thi im gia nhp. Trng hp nhng dng thu c b trng ct (4) l Vit Nam rng buc mc thu ngay ti thi im gia nhp, khng cam kt ct gim thu i vi nhng dng thu (tr trng hp nhng dng thu c Thu sut ti thi im gia nhp bng 0%); (Ch thch ca nhm: i vi nhng dng thu c b trng ct (4), nhm xp vo mc thu cam kt ct gim l 0%) Ct (5) - Thi hn thc hin (nm): Thi hn thc hin vic ct gim thu t mc thu sut cam kt ct gim. Theo cam kt ca Vit Nam, k t nm th nht sau nm gia nhp WTO, s c thc hin t ngy 1 thng 1 hng nm; theo phng thc ct gim u, tr cc trng hp c ghi ch ring v l trnh ct gim (Note) ti ct (5); khi mc thu sut ct gim l s l th s c lm trn n s thp phn th nht; Ct (6) - Quyn m phn ban u: Lit k nhng nc thnh vin WTO c Quyn m phn ban u (Initial Negotiating Right) i vi dng thu tng ng. Trong trng hp Vit Nam khng thc hin ng theo cc cam kt rng buc v thu i vi mt dng thu no (p dng mc thu MFN cao hn mc thu cam kt WTO ti mt thi im no ) th mc nhin, Vit Nam s phi tham vn vi cc nc c INR

dng thu n b thit hi do vic khng thc hin cam kt. Tuy nhin, vic n b thit hi s c m phn c th v cn c vo thc t kim ngch xut khu mt hng vo Vit Nam ca nc c INR (theo iu 28 ca GATT 1994 v Sa i Biu cam kt thu quan). Ct (7) Ph thu nhp khu (%): Cam kt v cc khon thu hay ph thu khc c tnh cht nh thu quan p dng i vi hng nhp. Vit Nam cam kt khng p dng bt k khon ph thu nhp khu no (thu sut 0%). Biu cam kt trn da trn H thng Hi ho phn loi hng ho (The Harmonized System) bao gm 21 phn vi 99 chng, bao gm: Phn I (Chng 1-5, ng vt sng v cc sn phm t ng vt) Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc o%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% , 80% (trng g, trng vt hoc cc loi trng chim & gia cm nguyn v ti bo qun hoc lm chn. Tuy nhin, trng g v trng vt lm ging th thu sut l 0%). Vit Nam cam kt ct gim xung t 2-10% ty m hng. Thi gian thc hin t 2009-2012 ty m hng. Phn II (Chng 6-14, cc sn phm thc vt); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc o%, 5%,10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% . Vit Nam cam kt ct gim xung t 2-30% ty m hng. Thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng. Phn III (Chng 15, m v du ng vt hoc thc vt v cc sn phm tch t chng; m n c ch bin, cc loi sp ng vt hoc thc vt oils) Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 5%,10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% ,50% Vit Nam cam kt ct gim xung t 5-20% ty m hng. Thi gian thc hin t 2010-2012 ty m hng. Phn IV (Chng 16-24, Thc phm ch bin, ung, ru mnh v gim, thuc l v cc nguyn liu thay th thuc l ch bin); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 28%, 40% ,45%, 50%, 65%, 80%, 100%, 150% (x g, thuc l Bi-i Vit Nam cam kt ct gim xung t 3-18% ty m hng. Thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn V (Chng 25-27, khong sn); Vit nam cam kt ct gim xung t 10 xung 5% mt hng vi sng t 2008. i vi cc mt hng nh xi mng Portland, xi mng nhm, xi mng x (xp), xi mng super sulfat v xi mng chu nc (xi mng thy lc) tng t, hoc cha pha mu hoc dng clanke, mc thu hin nay nm cc mc 30% v 40% ty m hng. Mc thu ny s gim t 5-10% t nm 2010-2012 i vi mt hng du m di dng Condensate Vit Nam cam kt s cc gim mc thu t 15% xung 10% t 2009 Cc mt hng khc c mc thu sut 0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% a phn khng c cam kt ct gim thu sut. Phn VI (Chng 28-38, Cc sn phm ca ngnh cng nghip ha cht hoc cc ngnh cng nghip lin quan);

Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 3%, 5%, 6,5%, 10%, 20%, 30% v 40% Cc m hng phn ny Vit nam khng c cam kt ct gim hoc cam kt ct gim xung 1,5% - 20% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2010-2014 ty m hng Phn VII (Chng 39-40, Plastic v cc sn phm plstic, cao su v cc sn phm bng cao su); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 3%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40% v 50% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 20% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn VIII (Chng 41-43, Da sng, da thuc, da lng v cc sn phm t da; b yn cng, hng du lch, ti xch tay v cc loi cha tng t, cc mt hng t rut ng vt (tr t t rut con tm) Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 30%, 40% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2009-2012 ty m hng Phn IX (Chng 44-46, G v cc mt hng bng g; than t g; lie v cc sn phm bng lie; cc sn phm t rm, c giy hoc cc vt liu tt bn khc; cc sn phm bng liu gai v song my); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 5%,10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn X (Chng 47-49, Bt giy t g v t vt liu x xenlulo khc; giy loi hoc cctng loi (ph liu v vn tha); giy, ccto6ng v cc sn phm ca chng); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 27%, 40% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2009-2012 ty m hng Phn XI (Chng 50-63, Nguyn liu dt v sn phm dt); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 1%, 3%, 5%, 12%, 15%, 20%. Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 5% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2009-201 ty m hng Ring qun o v cc sn phm dt may qua s dng khc c mc thu sut 100% v khng c cam kt ct gim Cc loi Vi vn qua s dng hoc mi c mc thu sut 50% v Vit Nam khng c cam kt ct gim. Phn XII (Chng 64-67, Giy, dp, m v cc vt i u khc, , d, ba toong, gytay cm c th chuyn thnh gh, roi gy iu khin, roi iu khin sc vt th ko v cc b phn ca cc loi hng ha tr, lng v ch bin v cc sn phm lm t lng v ch bin); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 5%, 10%,20%, 30% v 40% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 5% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2010-2012 ty m hng

Phn XIII (Chng 68-70, Sn phm lm bng , thch cao, xi mng, a-mi-ng, mi-ca hoc cc vt liu tng t; gm; thy tinh v cc sn phm bng thy tinh); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 45% v 50% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn XIV (Chng 71, Ngc trai t nhin hoc nui cy, qu hoc bn qu, kim loi qu, kim loi c dt ph kim loi qu, v cc sn phm ca chng; kim hon gi; tin kim loi); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 1%, 3%, 5%, 30%. Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn XV (Chng 72-83, Kim loi c bn v cc sn phm bng kim loi); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 18%, 30%, Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 13% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2009-2014 ty m hng Phn XVI (Chng 84-85, My v cc trang thit b c kh; thit b in; cc b phn ca chng; thit b ghi v sao chp m thanh, thit b ghi v sao chp hnh nh truyn hnh v m thanh, v cc b phn v ph tng ca chng) Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 1%, 3%, 4%, 10%, 20%, 27%, 37%, 40%, 45% v 50% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 30% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2014 ty m hng Phn XVII (Chng 86-89, Xe c, phng tin bay, tu thuyn, v cc thit b vn ti lin hp); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp c rt nhiu loi nh 0%, 5%,13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 27%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 90% v 100% i vi cc loi xe t ch di 16 ngi v xe ch t 16 ngi tr ln nhng di 30 ngi, xe but loi khc, xe t (k c xe ch ngi c khoang ch hnh l ring t th thao v xe ua) loi ch khng qu 8 ngi k c ngi li) Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 43% % ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2009- 2014 ty m hng Phn XVIII (Chng 90-92, Dng c, thit b v my quang hc, nhip nh, in nh, o lng, kim tra chnh xc, y t hoc phu thut, ng h c nhn v ng h thi gian khc; nhc c; cc b phn v ph tng ca chng); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 15% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2008-2012 ty m hng Phn XIX (Chng 93, V kh v n; cc b phn v ph tng ca chng); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 5%, 30% v 40% Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 10% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2012 ty m hng

Phn XX (Chng 94-96, cc mt hng khc nh ni tht cc loi; chi, dng c dng cho cc tr chi v th thao, cc b phn v ph tng ca chng v cc my hng khc); Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%. Vit nam cam kt ct gim t 0% - 20% ty m hng.vi thi gian thc hin t 2010-2012 ty m hng Phn XXI (Chng 97, Cc tc phm ngh thut, su tm v c). Thu sut cam kt ti thi im gia nhp cc mc 0%, 5%, 20%, X + 7,000/10,000/15,000 USD Mc thu ny gi nguyn khng c cam kt ct gim. Thm vo , Chng 98 l Chng B xung phn loi mt hng ca Biu cam kt thu quan, trong ginh ring lit k v cam kt thu nhp khu i vi xe t qua x dng di 5 nm. Ngoi ra, theo th thc quy nh v vic tham gia Hip nh Cng ngh thng tin (ITA) ca WTO, km theo biu cam kt thu quan cn c hai ph lc lit k ring v phm vi v l trnh c th ct gim xung 0% cho cc sn phm ITA: Ph lc B - Danh mc cc mt hng ITA; L trnh xo b thu nhp khu cho cc sn phm ITA. PHN II: CC NHNG B PREFERENTIAL (thu sut lin quan n cc tha thun thng mi c lit k trong iu 1 ca hip nh GATT) PHN III - CC NHNG B PHI THU QUAN PHN IV CC SN PHM NNG NGHIP : Cam kthn ch tr cp (iu 3 ca Hip nh Nng Nghip), bao gm Phn I H tr trong nc: Cam kt v Tng mc h tr gp (Tng AMS) Phn II Tr cp xut khu: Cam kt ct gim khi lng sn phm c tr cp v chi ngn sch cho tr cp Phn III Cc cam kt hn ch phm vi tr cp xut khu.

II/ CAM KT V DCH V TI CHNH

m phn m ca th trng dch v trong khun kh m phn gia nhp T chc thng mi th gii (WTO) c tin hnh theo cc nguyn tc ca Hip nh chung v thng mi dch v (GATS). Da trn nhng nguyn tc ny, cc quc gia hay vng lnh th cha l Thnh vin WTO tin hnh m phn m ca th trng vi cc Thnh vin WTO cn c theo yu cu m phn m cc Thnh vin ny a ra. Kt qu m phn cui cng c th hin trong Biu cam kt c th v thng mi dch v (xin gi tt l Biu cam kt dch v). Biu cam kt dch v gm 3 phn: phn cam kt chung, cam kt c th v danh mc cc bin php min tr i x ti hu quc (MFN). Phn cam kt chung bao gm cc cam kt c p dng chung cho tt c cc ngnh v phn ngnh dch v a vo Biu cam kt dch v. Phn ny ch yu cp ti nhng vn kinh t - thng mi tng qut nh cc quy nh v ch u t, hnh thc thnh lp doanh nghip, thu t, cc bin php v thu, tr cp cho doanh nghip trong nc v.v

Phn cam kt c th bao gm cc cam kt c p dng cho tng dch v a vo Biu cam kt dch v. Mi dch v a ra trong Biu cam kt nh dch v vin thng, dch v bo him, dch v ngn hng, dch v vn ti, v..v s c ni dung cam kt c th p dng ring cho dch v . Ni dung cam kt th hin mc m ca th trng i vi tng dch v v mc i x quc gia dnh cho nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi trong dch v . Danh mc cc bin php min tr i x ti hu quc lit k cc bin php c duy tr bo lu vic vi phm nguyn tc MFN i vi nhng dch v c duy tr bin php min tr. Theo quy nh ca GATS, mt thnh vin c vi phm nguyn tc MFN nu thnh vin a bin php vi phm vo danh mc cc bin php min tr i x ti hu quc v c cc Thnh vin WTO chp thun. 2. Cu trc ca Biu cam kt dch v Biu cam kt dch v gm 4 ct: i) ct m t ngnh/phn ngnh; ii) ct hn ch v tip cn th trng; iii) ct hn ch v i x quc gia v iv) ct cam kt b sung. Theo danh mc phn loi ngnh dch v ca Ban Th k WTO, c tt c 11 ngnh v 155 phn ngnh dch v c cc Thnh vin WTO tin hnh m phn bao gm: 1) dch v kinh doanh; 2) dch v thng tin; 3) dch v xy dng; 4) dch v phn phi; 5) dch v gio dc; 6) dch v mi trng; 7) dch v ti chnh; 8) dch v y t; 9) dch v du lch; 10) dch v vn ho gii tr; 11) dch v vn ti. V mi ngnh trong s 11 ngnh dch v chia nh thnh cc hot ng dch v cu thnh c gi l cc phn ngnh dch v. Ph thuc vo tnh cht v c im ca mnh, mi ngnh dch v c th c t hay nhiu phn ngnh dch v. Ngoi ra, Mi ngnh hoc phn ngnh trong danh mc phn loi c xc nh tng ng vi m s ca Bng phn loi sn phm trung tm (CPC). Kiu xc nh ny cng tng t nh xc nh m phn loi hng ho (HS) trong biu thu xut nhp khu. Biu cam kt dch v gm 4 ct: i) ct m t ngnh/phn ngnh; ii) ct hn ch v tip cn th trng; iii) ct hn ch v i x quc gia v iv) ct cam kt b sung. Ct m t ngnh/phn ngnh th hin tn dch v c th c a vo cam kt. Ct hn ch v tip cn th trng lit k cc bin php duy tr i vi cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi. GATS quy nh 6 loi bin php hn ch bao gm: 1) hn ch v s lng nh cung cp dch v; 2) hn ch v tng gi tr ca cc giao dch hoc ti sn; 3) hn ch v tng s hot ng dch v hoc s lng dch v cung cp; 4) hn ch v s lng lao ng; 5) hn ch hnh thc thnh lp doanh nghip; 6) hn ch gp vn ca nc ngoi. Biu cam kt no lit k cng nhiu bin php ni trn th mc m ca th trng cho cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi cng hp. Ct hn ch v i x quc gia lit k cc bin php nhm duy tr s phn bit i x gia nh cung cp dch v trong nc vi nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi. Biu cam kt no lit k cng nhiu bin php trong ct hn ch v i x quc gia th s phn bit i x gia cc nh cung cp dch v trong nc vi cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi cng ln.
Ch i x quc gia (i ng quc gia) v tip cn th trng l mt trong nhng quy nh v ngha v chung quan trng nht ca GATS Ch i ng quc gia (iu XVII, XVIII) GATS quy nh cc thnh vin phi dnh cho cc dch v v cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi s i x ging nh h dnh cho dch v v cc nh cung cp dch v tng t trong nc. Ging nh MFN, ch i ng quc gia c xy dng trn nn tng ca nguyn tc khng phn bit i x. Tuy nhin, quy nh ny khng th c hiu rng cc thnh vin phi c ngha v n b nhng thit hi (hoc bt li) trong cnh tranh thun ty do c tnh ''ngoi quc'' ca dch v v nh cung cp dch v ca cc thnh vin khc gy ra (c th c trng hp do thi quen, s thch, vn ha, ngn ng... m mt s dch v hoc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi khng c ngi tiu dng mt nc chp nhn).

Tip cn th trng (iu XVI)

Tip cn th trng c lin quan n bn cch thc cung cp dch v nh c nu trn. GATS quy nh mi thnh vin cn dnh cho cc dch v v nhng ngi cung cp dch v ca bt k thnh vin no s i x khng km thun li hn s i x c quy nh trong vic p dng cc th thc, gii hn v cc iu kin tha thun v nu c th trong danh sch cam kt c bit ca mnh''. Nh vy, iu khon trn cm vic duy tr cc cn tr i vi vic tip cn th trng m khng c GATS cho php v bo m cho vic p dng cc iu kin tng t i vi tt c cc dch v v ngi cung cp dch v. Vic tip cn th trng phi c m phn gia cc thnh vin theo tng lnh vc v theo cch thc cung cp dch v. Mi thnh vin ch phi dnh quyn tip cn th trng trong khun kh c d kin trong danh sch cc cam kt c th ca mnh. Cc thnh vin c php gii hn mc nht nh vic tip cn th trng. iu XVI.2 ca GATS nu mt danh cch y nhng ngn gn cc bin php gii hn. Trong s cc gii hn nh lng c a ra, ngoi cc gii hn lin quan n s lng cc nh cung cp dch v, cn c cc gii hn lin quan n: Tng gi tr cc giao dch v tin vn gn vi cc dnh v; Tng s lng cc hot ng dch v; Tng s cc sn phm dch v; Tng s th nhn c th cung cp mt dch v; S tham gia ca t bn nc ngoi.

Phn ln cc bin php ny u khng mang tnh cht phn bit i x v chng c th c p dng i vi nhng ngi cung cp dch v trong nc. Tuy nhin, chng cho php kim sot s hin din ca mt nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi trn th trng trong nc thng qua cc hn ch nh lng.

Ct cam kt b sung lit k cc bin php nh hng n hot ng cung cp v tiu dng dch v nhng khng thuc v hn ch tip cn th trng hay hn ch v i x quc gia. Ct ny m t nhng quy nh lin quan n trnh , tiu chun k thut, cc yu cu hoc th tc v vic cp php v.v Ngoi ra, Cam kt c a ra cho tng phng thc t 1 n 4 trong hai ct hn ch v tip cn th trng v hn ch v i x quc gia. GATS quy nh 4 phng thc cung cp dch v, bao gm: 1) cung cp qua bin gii; 2) tiu dng ngoi lnh th; 3) hin din thng mi; 4) hin din th nhn. Phng thc cung cp qua bin gii (gi tt l Phng thc 1) l phng thc theo dch v c cung cp t lnh th ca mt Thnh vin ny sang lnh th ca mt Thnh vin khc, tc l khng c s di chuyn ca ngi cung cp v ngi tiu th dch v sang lnh th ca nhau. V d, cc dch v t vn c th cung cp theo phng thc ny. Phng thc tiu dng ngoi lnh th (gi tt l Phng thc 2) l phng thc theo ngi tiu dng ca mt Thnh vin di chuyn sang lnh th ca mt Thnh vin khc tiu dng dch v. V d, khch du lch nc ngoi sang Vit Nam. Phng thc hin din thng mi (gi tt l Phng thc 3) l phng thc theo nh cung cp dch v ca mt Thnh vin thit lp cc hnh thc hin din nh cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi, cng ty lin doanh, chi nhnh v.vtrn lnh th ca mt Thnh vin khc cung cp dch v. V d, ngn hng Hoa K thnh lp chi nhnh kinh doanh ti Vit Nam. Phng thc hin din th nhn (gi tt l Phng thc 4) l phng thc theo th nhn cung cp dch v ca mt Thnh vin di chuyn sang lnh th ca mt Thnh vin khc cung cp dch v. V d, cc ngh s nc ngoi sang Vit Nam biu din ngh thut. Cc Thnh vin chp nhn m ca th trng cho mt hoc nhiu ngnh dch v nhng lit k ti cc ct tng ng ca Biu cam kt cc bin php hn ch p dng cho nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi. Khi , cc Thnh vin s th hin trong Biu

cam kt ca mnh cc cm t nh Khng hn ch, ngoi tr . hoc Cha cam kt, ngoi tr.. Xut pht t nguyn tc chn - b, nu ch lit k bin php m khng km theo mt trong hai cm t trn th ng nhin hiu l "Khng hn ch, ngoi tr . NI DUNG CHNH CA CAM KT V DCH V TI CHNH: A/ Bo him v cc dch v lin quan n bo him Cc loi hnh dch v bo him c a vo Biu cam kt bao gm: Bo him gc bao gm bo him nhn th (tr bo hie3m y t); bo him phi nhn th. Ti bo him v nhng ti bo him Trug gian bo him (nh mi gii bo him v i l bo him Dch v h tr bo him (nh t vn, dch v tnh ton, nh gi ri ro v gii quyt bi thng Ghi ch thm: i vi tng phng thc cung cp dch v (t 1-4), lp s tham kho thm qua biu cam kt dch v v nhng hn ch tip cn th trng v hn ch i x quc gia. Nhm trnh by ch nu hn nhng hn ch trn i vi phng thc 3 l phng thc hin din thng mi. i vi hn ch tip cn th trng Hin nay, doanh nghip bo him 100% vn u t nc ngoi khng c kinh doanh cc dch v bo him bt buc bao gm: bo him trch nhie5m dn s ca ch xe c gii i vi ngi th 3, bo him xy dng v lp t, bo him cc cng trnh du kh v cng trnh d gy nguy him an ninh cng ng v mi trng. Hn ch ny s c bi b v ngy 1/1/2008. Sau 5 nm k t khi gia nhp, cho php doanh nghip bo him nc ngoi thnh lp chi nhnh bo him phi nhn th, cn c vo cc quy nh qun l thn trng Vit Nam khng hn ch i x quc gia vi phng thc 1,2 & 3. Ring phng thc 4 Vit Nam cha cam kt, tr cc cam kt chung B/ Dch v ngn hng v cc dch v ti chnh Cc loi hnh dch v ngn hng v cc dch v ti chnh khc Vit Nam cam kt thc hin vi WTO bao gm: Nhn tin gi v cc khon phi tr khc t cng chng Cho vay di tt c cc hnh thc, bao gm tn dng tiu dng, tn dng cm c th chp, bao thanh ton v ti tr giao dch thng mi Thu mua ti chnh Mi dch v thanh ton v chuyn tin, bao gm th tn dng, th thanh ton v th n, sc du lch v hi phiu ngn hng Bo lnh v cam kt Kinh doanh trn ti khon ca mnh hoc ca khch hng, ti s giao dch tha thun hoc bng cch khc nh: cng c th trng tin t, ngoi hi, cng c t gi v li sut bao gm cc sn phm nh H hon i k hn; vng khi Mi gii tin t Qun l ti sn nh qun l tin mt hoc danh mc u t, mi hnh thc qun l u t tp th, qun l qu hu tr, cc dch v lu k, tn thc Cc dch v thanh ton v b tr ti sn ti chnh bao gm chng khon, cc sn phmpha1i sinh v cc cng c chuyn nhng khc, Cung cp v chuyn thng tin ti chnh v x l d liu ti chnh cng nh cc phn mm lin quan ca cc nh cung cp cc dch v ti chnh khc. Cc dch v t vn, trung gian mi gii v cc dch v ti chnh ph tr khc i vi tt c cc hot ng c nu trn

V vic hn ch tip cn th trng

- K t ngy 01/04/2007 Vit Nam cho php cc t chc tn dng ngc ngoi thnh lp ngn hng 100% vn u nc ngoi. - Trong vng 5 nm k t ngy gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam c th hn ch quyn ca mt chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi c nhn tin gi bng ng Vit Nam t cc th nhn Vit Nam m ngn hng khng c quan h tn dng theo mc vn m ngn hng m cp cho chi nhnh ph hp vi l trnh sau: Ngy 01/01/2007: 650% vn php nh c cp; Ngy 01/01/2008: 800% vn php nh c cp; Ngy 01/01/2009: 900% vn php nh c cp; Ngy 01/01/2010: 1000% vn php nh c cp; Ngy 01/01/2011: i x quc gia y Vit Nam c th hn ch vic tham gia c phn ca cc t chc tn dng nc ngoi ti cc ngn hng thng mi quc doanh Vit Nam c c phn ha nh mc tham gia c phn ca cc ngn hng Vit Nam. Tng s c phn do cc th nhn, php nhn nc ngoi nm gi ti mi ngn hng thng mi CP ca Vit Nam khng c vt qu 30% vn iu l ca ngn hng, tr khi lut php Vit Nam c qui nh khc hoc c s cho php ca c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam.

- Tham gia c phn:

Chi nhnh ngn hng thng mi nc ngoi khng c php m cc im giao dch khc ngoi tr s chi nhnh ca mnh. i vi hn ch i x quc gia

i vi phng thc hin din thng mi Vit Nam c mt s qui nh nh thnh lp chi nhnh ca mt ngn hng thng mi nc ngoi ti Vit Nam: th Ngn hng m c tng ti sn c trn 20 t USD vo cui nm trc thi im np n. iu kin thnh lp mt ngn hng lin doanh hoc mt ngn hng 100% vn u t th Ngn hng m c tng ti sn c trn 10 t USD vo cui nm trc thi im np n. iu kin thnh lp mt cng ty ti chnh 100% vn u t nc ngoi hoc mt cng ty ti chnh lin doanh, cng ty cho thu ti chnh 100% hoc cng ty cho thu ti chnh lin doanh th t chc tn dng nc ngoi c tng ti sn c trn 10 t USD vo cui nm trc thi im np n.

C/ Chng khon Vit Nam cho php cc nh cung cp dch v chng khon nc ngoi thc hin cc dch v sau: Giao dch cho ti khon ca mnh hoc ti khon ca khch hng ti s giao dch chng khon, th trng giao dch trc tip (OTC) hay cc th trng khc nhng sn phm nh: cc cng c phi sinh, cc chng khon c th chuyn nhng, cc cng c c th chuyn nhng khc v cc ti sn ti chnh tr vng khi Tham gia vo cc t pht hnh mi loi chng khon Qun l ti sn nh qun l danh mc u t, mi hnh thc qun l u t tp th, qun l qu hu tr, cc dch v lu k v tn thc

 Cc dch v thanh ton v thanh ton b tr chng khon, cc cng c phi sinh v cc sn phm lin quan n chng khon khc Cung cp v chuyn thng tin ti chnh, cc phn mm lin quan ca cc nh cung cp dc v chng khon T vn, trung gian v cc dch v ph tr lin quan n chng khon. V vic hn ch tip cn th trng Ngay khi gia nhp, cc nh cung cp dch v chng khon nc ngoi thnh lp VP i din v cng ty lin doanh i vi i tc Vit Nam trong t l vn gp ca pha nc ngoi khng vt qu 49% Sau 5 nm k t ngy gia nhp t l trn l 100% i vi cc dch v t dch v th3 n 6 nh k trn, sau 5 nm k t ngy gia nhp Vit Nam mi cho php cc nh cung cp dch v chng khon nc ngoi thnh lp chi nhnh.

DI Y L MT S THNG TIN V THI C THCH CA VIT NAM KHI HI NHP. TUY NHIN NHNG TIN NY CH MI N CUI NM 2005 U 2006 NN CC BN XEM C TH S DNG C PHN NO TH S DNG (CI NY CA CHI VN NHM MNH K14 gi lun) TNG QUAN TH TRNG TI CHNH

Mt h thng ti chnh gm 4 thnh t c bn l th trng ti chnh, cc t chc ti chnh, cc cng c ti chnh v c s h tng ti chnh. 1. Th trng ti chnh Da vo thi hn ca tn dng, th trng ti chnh c chia lm hai loi l th trng tin t v th trng vn. nhng nc kinh t pht trin ni chung th trng tin t thng do cc ngn hng thc hin. i vi nhu cu vn trung di hn ch yu thc hin theo hnh thc trc tip trn th trng chng khon. Ngc li, i vi Vit nam c c th ring, hu ht vn ngn hn, trung hn v di hn u do cc ngn hng thng mi cing cp, cc loi th trng khc ang c quy m rt nh. Hay ni cch khc, Vit Nam, vic huy ng v phn b vn ch yu thc hin qua cc trung gian ti chnh, trong d cc ngn hng thng mi ng vai tr chnh. Da trn loi tn dng, hin Vit nam cng c th trng tn phiu, th trng tri phiu, th trng c phiu; th trng vay n ngn hng. Th trng s cp v th trng th cp: Vit Nam c th trng s cp l ni pht hnh chng khon ln u tin. Th trng chnh thc v th trng phi chnh thc: ngoi th trng ti chnh chnh thc l ni m cc ngn hng, cc cng ty ti chnh chnh, cc cng ty chng khon hot ng, Vit Nam cn c th trng phi chnh thc l cc hp tc x tn dng, cc t chc tn dng vim nng thn, hi.. hot ng. 2. Cc t chc ti chnh 2.1. Ngn hng Trung ng v cc t chc tn dng Ngn hng Trung ng Cc ngn hng thng mi Cc cng ty ti chnh

 Cc cng ty cho thu ti chnh Cc hp qu tn dng Ngoi ra cn mt s loi hnh t chc ti chnh khc hot ng theo Lut cc t chc tn dng l cc cng ty qun l ti sn, cc t chc cm 2.2. Cc cng ty bo him 2.3. U ban Chng khon Nh nc v cc t chc hot ng trn th trng chngkhon U ban chng khon nh nc Cc cng ty chng khon Ngn hng ch nh thanh ton Ngn hng lu k chng khon Cng ty qun l qu u t Cc cng ty nim yt

2.4. Mt s loi hnh t chc ti chnh khc Qu lng hu Tit kim bu in Qu h tr pht trin v cc qu u t pht trin ca cc tnh, thnh ph\ 3. Cc cng c ti chnh Hin ti trn th trng ti chnh Vit nam c cc loi cng c ti chnh sau: Cc khon cho vay ca cc ngn hng v cc t chc ti chnh khc Tri phiu chnh ph Tn phiu kho bc Tri phiu th Tri phiu cng ty Chng ch tin gi C phiu Hp ng mua li chng khon Phiu n thng mi (thng phiu) Hi phiu c ngn hng chp thun Vay lin ngn hng Euro -la Vay th chp mua bt ng sn Cc loi cng c ti chnh phi sinh

Hp ng k hn (Forward contract) Hp ng tng lai (Future contract)

 Swap Quyn chn 4. C s h tng ti chnh H thng lut php v qun l ca nh : Tnh n thi im hin ti, vi bi cnh v iu kin thc tin ca Vit nam th h thng lut php c nh gi l tng i y h thng ti chnh hot ng. Hin c Lut Ngn sch nh nc, Lut Ngn hng nh nc, Lut cc t chc tn dng, Lut bo him. D kin nm 2006 Lut chng khon s ra i. Tuy nhin vn qun l nh nc cha thc s ng b v thng nht. Mt s t chc c quy m hot ng tn dng rt ln nhng khng chu s chi phi ca Lut cc t chc tn dng v chu s gim st ca Ngn hng nh nc. nh Qu h tr pht trin v Qu u t pht trin a phng Ngun lc v thng l gim st Cung cp thng tin: hin nay cc ngn hng ni ring v cc t chc tn dng ni chung ang tng bc p dng cc chun mc k ton quc t. Cc quy nh v kim ton vn cha thc s y v tun th mt cch nghim ngt. Hin vn cha c h thng lu tr thng tin tn dng v t chc xp loi tn dng ng tin cy. Hin trng tm tn dng(CIC) ca Ngn hng nh nc Vit Nam ang m nhn nhim v ny. Tuy nhin tr thnh m t chc c tin cy cao th CIC cn rt nhiu vic lm. H thng thanh ton: Trc nm 2000, hu ht cc t chc ti chnh Vit Nam s dng h thng thanh ton phn tn. Nhng t nm 2000 n nay, cc t chc ti chnh chnh nht l cc ngn hng thuong mi xy dng h thng thanh ton tp trung. T nm 2002, Ngn hng Nh nc Vit nam trin khai h thng thanh ton lin ngn hng. y l mt bc tin trong vic p dng cng ngh thanh ton ca h thng ti chnh Vit nam. Khi tt c cc ngn hng xy dng xong h thng ny th cng ngh thanh ton ca h thng ti chnh Vit Nam l m bo.

1/ c im chung ca th trng ti chnh Vit Nam hin nay Th nht, TTTC cha pht trin ng b v c cu, cha ng u v trnh gia cc b phn hp thnh. Th hai, quy m th trng cn nh, cc hng ha v dch v ti chnh cn ngho nn, n gin v tnh chuyn nghip cha cao. Th ba, th trng ti chnh cn tp trung vo "sn chi" v i tc thuc khu vc kinh t nh nc, cha c s lin thng v m rng trong c nc cng nh vi nc ngoi. Th t, th trng ti chnh hot ng cha mang tnh th trng cao v cha gn ng b vi cc th trng khc trong nn kinh t Th nm, th trng ti chnh ang tng bc c xy dng, cng c v pht trin ph hp qu trnh chuyn i c ch v p ng cc cam kt hi nhp v thng l quc t. 2/ Thc trng chung ca ngnh ti chnh Vit Nam 2.1 Ngnh bo him a. Thnh tu Tnh cui nm 2005, ton th trng c 16 cng ty bo him phi nhn th, 8 cng ty bo him nhn th, 1 cng ty ti bo him, 7 cng ty mi gii bo him vi tng s vn iu l 4.608 t ng v 108,095 triu USD. Nm 2005 l nm m th trng bo him Vit Nam t tc tng trng kh cao so vi tc tng trng GDP. Tng doanh thu ton ngnh t 15.813 t ng, chim t trng 2,03% GDP. Trong doanh thu ph bo him t 13.663 t ng, doanh thu hot ng u t t 2.150 t ng. Nm 2005, tng doanh thu ph bo him gc phi nhn th ca ton th trng t 5.535 t ng v kt qu ny i vi lnh vc nhn th l 8.128 t ng, u t t 2.150 t ng. Trong cc nghip v, bo him xe c gii dn u v doanh thu, t 1.603 t ngchim 29% doanh thu phi nhn th ca ton th trng. Bo him tai nn con ngi t 952 t ng xp th hai. Bo him tu thu t 492 t ng, bo him chy n 472 t ng, bo him hng ho vn chuyn 455 t ng, bo him xy dng lp t 376 t ng. b. Hn ch Tng doanh thu ton ngnh chim t trng 2,03% GDP nhng con s ny hin vn cha phn nh c ht tim nng ca ngnh dch v bo him. Cc chuyn gia cho rng, tin gn ti ch 4,2% GDP vo nm 2010 nh mc tiu, cn phi nhng gii php thc y th trng bo him tng trng mnh m trong nm 2006. Bo him nhn th, khu vc chim gn 2/3 doanh thu ton th trng bo him ti Vit Nam, khng t tc tng trng cao. Doanh thu ca bo him nhn th nm 2005 ch tng 5,5% so vi nm 2004 Mt lnh vc khc l bo him hng ho xut nhp khu cng cha c ch trng khai thc. Tp qun thng mi ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam (mua bn theo gi FOB), khin cho th trng ny hu nh cn b ng cho cc doanh nghip bo

him nc ngoi. Doanh thu ph bo him hng ho xut nhp khu do cc doanh nghip trong nc thc hin ch chim 14%, cn li trn 80% l nc ngoi khai thc. Kh khn ca cc doanh nghip bo him trong nc hin nay chnh l i ng cn b, c bit l cn b lnh o cp chi nhnh m nguyn nhn ch yu l hin nay Vit Nam cha c mt c s o to chuyn ngnh v lnh vc ny.

c. C hi Mt l, c hi u tin c nhc n l vic p dng quy nh mua bo him bt buc trch nhim dn s ca ngi kinh doanh vn ti hnh khch, hng ho d chy n trn ng thu ni a. y c xem nh l c hi tt cc doanh nghip bo him khai thc th trng v a tc tng trng ca nghip v bo him chy n vt hn mc 15,32% nh ca nm 2005. Hai l, nm 2006 cng c d on l mt nm tng mnh i vi nghip v bo him xy dng lp t do s vn u t trc tip nc ngoi l 5,83 t USD v vn ODA t 3,74 t USD ca nm 2005 s c tip tc thc hin vo nm 2006. ng thi, vic xo b hn ch ng k xe my, gim thu tiu th c bit v thu nhp khu t cng s l tim nng pht trin bo him xe c gii. Ba l, bn cnh , vic mua bo him bt buc i vi ngi Vit Nam du lch l hnh quc t c khung php l pht trin khi Lut du lch c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2006 v Ngh nh Chnh ph hng dn v du lch l hnh s c ban hnh trong thi gian ti. Bn l, Lut u t v Lut doanh nghip c hiu lc t 1/7/2006 u quy nh cc doanh nghip phi mua bo him theo quy nh ca php lut to iu kin cho cc doanh nghip bo him pht trin sn phm ca mnh. Nn kinh t tip tc tng trng trn 8%/nm trong c nhiu lnh vc tng trng mnh: ng tu, du lch, hng khng, XNK... to cho bo him tng trng mnh. d. Thch thc L trnh thc hin cam kt ca Vit Nam i vi dch v bo him gn k, khi th trng bo him cn m rng tng cng hi nhp quc t v tng nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip bo him. c bit dch v bo him t M thc s l thch thc ln i vi doanh nghip trong nc. Trong thi gian ti cc doanh nghip bo him Vit Nam s phi i mt vi vn vn cho nhu cu bo him, kinh nghim qun l iu hnh kinh doanh v k thut khai thc sn phm bo him, c bit l v kinh nghim qun l vn, kinh nghim v qun l ri ro v k thut qun l ri ro. 2.2 Ngnh chng khon a. Thnh tu Th trng chng khon VN hot ng c hn 5 nm v s lng cc cng ty nim yt tng ln ti con s hn 35 cng ty. Do y l lnh vc cn mi ti Vit Nam nn thnh tu mang li cha nhiu v nhng l do sau: V mt cung, cn c qu t cc cng ty sn sng hoc c kh nng nim yt trn th trng chng khon chnh thc, ch yu l v nhng li ch mang li t vic nim yt khng tng xng vi nhng kh khn m doanh nghip phi vt qua.

 Xt v kha cnh cu, hu ht cc nh u t th trng chng khon hin nay u l nhng nhm nh cc nh u t c nhn vi thin hng u c ngn hn. Nhm cc nh u t ny khng c kh nng to ra mt nn tng mnh c th lm tng ng k s lng cc cng ty nim yt v lm tng tng gi tr vn ha trn th trng. b. Tn ti Song cng cn phi nhn thng vo thc t thy c nhng vn cn tn ti ca TTCK, m mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ca n xut pht t vn nhn lc. - Th nht l, vn thiu hng ho c v s lng v cht lng cho TTCK bt ngun t s chm tr trong tin trnh c phn ho cc doanh nghip nh nc, cng vi s khng gn kt gia c phn ho v nim yt trn TTCK, c th do nhiu nguyn nhn nhng mt nguyn nhn quan trng l s nhn thc khng ng n v s thiu hiu bit ca bn thn cn b lnh o doanh nghip v cc ban ngnh c lin quan. Cha c mt ci nhn thu o v chin lc v tnh u vit ca m hnh cng ty c phn v vic huy ng vn trn TTCK. - Th hai l, v pha cc nh u t, trong lc cn rt thiu cc t chc u t chuyn nghip, c tri thc chuyn su v chng khon u t c hiu qu vo TTCK lm u tu dn dt th trng theo hng c hiu qu. Trong lc cc nh u t cng chng li rt thiu nhng kin thc v TTCK, h u t theo phong tro, tm l rt d b dao ng , gy ra nhng hiu ng by n (Animal effect ), dn n xu hng thi qu trn th trng, va lm tn hi n th trng, va thit hi quyn li ca bn thn. - Th ba l, s lng tng ca cc c quan c thm quyn trong qu trnh c phn ho hay trong vic iu hnh TTCK. i khi nhng quyt nh a ra c tnh cht i ph dn n s chm tr hoc l phn tc dng. Do , cc nh qun tr doanh nghip, cn b lnh o cc S, Ban ngnh, cc nh iu hnh th trng cn phi c kin thc chuyn su v TTCK xy dng c mt chin lc pht trin TTCK song song vi vic pht trin m hnh cng ty c phn. - Th t l, TTCK VN cn thiu mt khung php l hoin thin ring cho ngnh chng khon v ng b vi cc b lut khc nh Lut doanh nghip , Lut u t nc ngoi... D tho Lut chng khon sp sa c trnh Quc hi gp sa i, nh vy cc nh hoch nh chnh sch, cc nh qun l v m cng cn c o to trang b kin thc chuyn mn. c. C hi Trong giai on ny, cc hip nh thng mi song phng v a phng gia VN v cc nc trn th gii c hiu lc thi hnh i vi cc dch v ti chnh-ngn hng, ring TTCKVN c s pht trin nht nh v dn tr thnh mt knh huy ng vn quan trng cho nn kinh t. VN c Lut chng khon (d kin s trnh Quc hi thng qua nm 2006) to c s php l y cho s pht trin ca TTCKVN. Bt u t nm 2007, Trung tm giao dch chng khon TP.HCM s pht trin thnh S giao dch chng khon, thnh lp Trung tm lu k chng khon c lp, hng ha trn th trng s phong ph v a dng hn, tng gi tr th trng c phiu d kin chim khong 10-15% GDP, cc nh ch ti chnh trung gian s ngy cng ln mnh vi s xut hin ca mt s nh ch ti chnh trung gian mi nh cng ty nh mc tn nhim..., s lng nh u t tham gia TTCK tng ng k, cng chng u t dn trng thnh v tch ly c nhiu kinh nghim d. Thch thc

Phn ln cc doanh nghip c phn Vit Nam u c xut x t doanh nghip nh nc. Vic c phn ha cng thng tin hnh vi cc doanh nghip yu km hoc c nguy c ph sn vi ngha ci cch iu hnh, vc dy doanh nghip. Chnh trong hon cnh , ng l doanh nghip phi y mnh qu trnh tch ly vn tng gi tr doanh nghip v thc hin ti u t m rng th hu ht doanh nghip li em li nhun thu c chia cho c ng. Lut chng khon va mi ban hnh H thng k ton kim ton cha tip cn dn cc chun mc quc t Cc cng ty bo him cha tham gia u t vo TTCK Cc ngun thu t bo him nhn th cha u t vo TTCK 2.3/ Ngnh ngn hng a. Thnh tu Trc nm 1999 l qu trnh va i mi, va iu chnh hot ng thch ng vi c ch th trng. Qu trnh phn phi ngun lc ca nn kinh t tng bc cn bn s dng cng c th trng - tin t thay cho cng c phn phi hin vt. n ht nm 1999 cn bn khc phc xong hiu ng tr ca cuc khng hong tin t khu vc, gp phn ko lm pht t mc 9,2% nm 1998 xung cn 0,1% nm 1999. Tip l qu trnh ch ng kim ch v kim sot lm pht (Nm 1999: 0,1%; 2000: -0,6%; 2001:-0,2%; 2002:4%; 2003:3%; 2004: 9,5%). Bt u t nm 2000 i mi cn bn c ch iu hnh t gi hi oi t ch cng b t gi chnh thc theo tn hiu th trng vi tng khong thi gian c hiu lc tng i di sang c ch cng b t gi theo ng thi hng ngy ca th trng ngoi t. C ch ny hin vn ang pht huy c tc dng rt tch cc. T nm 2000 y mnh hn qu trnh t do ho li sut v n 6/2002 thc hin c ch li sut tho thun v t do ho hon ton li sut trn th trng tn dng thng mi. T 2001 n nay xy dng v trin khai mnh m n c cu li cc NHTMNN- Theo , thnh lp NH chnh sch x hi tch ra khi NHTMNN, cn bn c cu li ti chnh, ang y nhanh qu trnh c cu li nghip v v tin ti tng bc c cu li s hu i vi cc NH ny. Tnh n nm 2005, ngnh Ngn hng Vit Nam ngoi h thng NHNN cn c h thng cc nh ch ngn hng gm c: 5 ngn hng thng mi Nh nc, 1 ngn hng chnh sch x hi; 25 ngn hng thng mi c phn th; 11 ngn hng thng mi c phn nng thn; 31 chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi; 4 ngn hng lin doanh; 44 vn phng i din t chc tn dng nc ngoi ti Vit Nam; 5 cng ty ti chnh; 9 cng ty cho thu ti chnh; 905 qu tn dng nhn dn T 1999 n 2003 v c bn thc hin thnh cng vic iu hnh mt chnh sch tin t kch cu gp phn chng gim pht v thc y xut khu, thc y tng trng kinh t t mc bnh qun trn 7,3%/nm trong 6 nm lin 1999 - 2004; Ngnh Ngn hng Vit Nam pht trin mnh m hot ng i ngoi hai chiu vi hu ht cc t chc ti chnh, tin t quc t nh WB, IMF, ADB... quan h a phng vi Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam (Asean), Asean + 3, Din n hp tc kinh t Chu Thi Bnh Dng (APEC), Din n hp tc u (ASEM), quan h song phng vi hn 160 NHT cc chu lc, tch cc chun b cc iu kin gia nhp WTO...

Biu s liu v tnh hnh hot ng ca cc TCTD Vit Nam (cha tnh cc cng ty ti chnh, cc TCTD v phi ngn hng khc & Qu TTDND) n v: t VND
Loi hnh Ch tiu Vn iu l Tng ti sn c Vn huy ng v i vay Tng d n Li nhun NHTM Nh nc 31/12/04 20.438 556.478 425.816 364.137 3.111 30/06/05 21.344 560.715 472.360 392.186 4.972 30/9/05 21.833 586.948 497.707 404.852 6.727 NHTM c phn 31/12/04 6.054 101.472 86.502 56.113 1.267 30/6/05 7.203 122.755 103.122 67.953 1.188 30/9/05 8.160 135.247 115.078 74.061 1.589 NHNNg v lin doanh 31/12/04 8.271 79.379 64.155 44.551 843 30/6/05 8.473 90.426 73.727 53.540 793 30/9/05 8.478 95.433 77.727 55.698 1.066

b. Hn ch Nng lc ti chnh yu, vn t c cha p ng h s an ton theo thng l quc t. Thc t mc d c Nh nc "bm" vn ti 4 ln, nhng tng vn iu l ca cc ngn hng thng mi nh nc tnh n u nm 2005 mi t khong 21.000 t ng, lm hn ch kh nng huy ng v cung ng tn dng cho ton nn kinh t. D n tn dng mi t xp x 55% GDP, thp xa so vi mc trn 80% ca cc nc trong khu vc. Bnh qun, mc vn t c ca cc ngn hng thng mi nh nc khong t 200 n 450 triu USD, ch bng mt ngn hng c trung bnh trong khu vc; cn li hu ht cc ngn hng c phn c mc vn iu l bnh qun di 1.000 t VND (hin nay ch c 1 vi ngn hng thng mi CP l c vn trn 1.000 t ng). Sn phm v dch v cn n iu, tnh tin ch cha cao, cht lng dch v thp. Hu ht cc ngn hng thng mi u c mc d n khng sinh li ln hn gii hn cho php t 1,5 n 2,5 ln; kh nng thanh ton bnh qun ca cc t chc tn dng mi t xp x 60%. T l sinh li bnh qun trn vn t c ca cc t chuc tn dng hin ch l 6% so vi mc 13 - 15% ca cc ngn hng thng mi cc nc trong khu vc. c bit, t trng u t tn dng ca khu vc cc nh ch ti chnh phi ngn hng (Kho bc, cc Qu h tr) mc d chim ti trn 34% tng u t ton x hi, nhng hu nh nm ngoi vng kim sot ca Ngn hng Trung ng. Trong khi im mnh ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi l dch v (chim ti trn 40% tng thu nhp) th tnh trng "c canh tn dng vn cn ph bin hu ht cc ngn hng Vit Nam. Sn phm dch v cn ngho nn, thiu cc nh ch qun l theo tiu chun quc t nh qun tr ri ro, qun tr ti sn n, ti sn c, nhm khch hng, loi sn phm, kim ton ni b. H tng cng ngh ngn hng v h thng thanh ton lc hu v c nguy c tt hu xa hn so vi cc nc trong khu vc, cha p ng kp yu cu pht trin v nng cao cht lng dch v. Nu nh cc ngn hng nc ngoi ng dng CNTT nhm to thun li hn na cho cc khch hng khi giao dch th cc ngn hng Vit Nam mi ang ch yu giai on ng dng CNTT nhm hin i ha cc hot ng ca chnh bn thn ngn hng. Hng lot nhng vn khc cng ang t ra cho cc ngn hng Vit Nam nh vn an ton, bo mt thng tin, vn bo m hot ng lin tc, thng sut ca h thng, ti u ha h thng mng..., c bit l vn o to ngun nhn lc v ti cu trc h thng khi ng dng CNTT.

Trnh chuyn mn v trnh qun l cn bt cp, hiu qu hot ng v sc cnh tranh thp. Hot ng tn dng c m rng nhanh chng nhng ri ro tn dng cha c kim sot v nh gi mt cch cht ch, cha ph hp vi chun mc quc t v yu cu hi nhp

c. C hi

i vi NHNN, Hi nhp quc t s to c hi nng cao nng lc v hiu qu iu hnh v thc thi chnh sch tin t, i mi c ch kim sot tin t, li sut, t gi theo nguyn tc th trng. Hi nhp cng l c hi NHNN tng cng phi hp vi cc NHTW v cc t chc ti chnh quc t v chnh sch tin t, trao i thng tin v ngn nga ri ro, qua hn ch bin ng ca th trng ti chnh quc t v m bo an ton cho h thng ngn hng Vit Nam. H thng NHTM v th trng tin t hot ng an ton v hiu qu s to thun li cho vic nng cao hiu lc v hiu qu ca chnh sch tin t. Hi nhp quc t s thc y ci cch th ch, hon thin h thng php lut v nng cao nng lc hot ng ca cc c quan qun l ti chnh, loi b cc hnh thc bo h, bao cp vn, ti chnh i vi cc NHTM trong nc, hn ch tnh trng li, trng ch vo s h tr ca NHNN v Chnh ph. i vi cc TCTD Hi nhp quc t l ng lc thc y ci cch, buc cc ngn hng trong nc phi hot ng theo nguyn tc th trng, khc phc nhng nhc im cn tn ti, ng thi phi tng cng nng lc cnh tranh trn c s nng cao trnh qun tr iu hnh v pht trin dch v ngn hng. khun kh php l s hon thin v ph hp dn vi thng l quc t, dn n s hnh thnh mi trng kinh doanh bnh ng v tng bc phn chia li th phn gia cc nhm ngn hng theo hng cn bng hn, th phn ca NHTMNN c th gim v nhng ch cho cc nhm ngn hng khc, nht l ti cc thnh ph v khu th ln. Tu theo th mnh ca mi ngn hng, s xut hin nhng ngn hng hot ng theo hng chuyn mn ha nh ngn hng bn bun, ngn hng bn l, ngn hng u t, ng thi hnh thnh mt s ngn hng qui m ln, c tim lc ti chnh v kinh doanh hiu qu. Kinh doanh theo nguyn tc th trng cng buc cc t chc ti chnh phi c c ch qun l v s dng lao ng thch hp, c bit l chnh sch i ng v o to ngun nhn lc nhm thu ht lao ng c trnh , qua nng cao hiu qu hot ng v sc cnh tranh trn th trng ti chnh. M ca th trng dch v ngn hng v ni lng hn ch i vi cc t chc ti chnh nc ngoi l iu kin thu ht u t trc tip vo lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng, cc NHTM trong nc c iu kin tip cn s h tr k thut, t vn, o to thng qua cc hnh thc lin doanh, lin kt vi cc ngn hng v t chc ti chnh quc t. Trong qu trnh hi nhp, vic m rng quan h i l quc t ca cc ngn hng trong nc s to iu kin pht trin cc hot ng thanh ton quc t, ti tr thng mi, gp phn thc y quan h hp tc u t v chuyn giao cng ngh.

Nh hi nhp quc t, cc ngn hng trong nc s tip cn th trng ti chnh quc t mt cch d dng hn, hiu qu huy ng vn v s dng vn s tng ln, gp phn nng cao cht lng v loi hnh hot ng. Cc ngn hng trong nc s phn ng, iu chnh v hot ng mt cch linh hot hn theo tn hiu th trng trong nc v quc t nhm ti a ha li nhun v gim thiu ri ro.

d. Thch thc Cc NHTM Vit Nam s mt dn li th cnh tranh v qui m, khch hng v h thng knh phn phi, nht l sau nm 2010, khi khi nhng hn ch v s phn bit i x b loi b cn bn . Ri ro i vi h thng ngn hng Vit Nam c th tng ln do cc ngn hng nc ngoi nm quyn kim sot mt s t chc ti chnh trong nc thng qua hnh thc gp vn, mua c phn, lin kt kinh doanh; mt s t chc ti chnh trong nc s gp ri ro v c nguy c thua l, ph sn do sc cnh tranh km v khng c kh nng kim sot ri ro khi tham gia cc hot ng ngn hng quc t. M ca th trng ti chnh trong nc lm tng ri ro do nhng tc ng t bn ngoi, c hi tn dng chnh lch t gi, li sut gia th trng trong nc v th trng quc t gim dn. H thng ngn hng Vit Nam cng phi i mt vi cc cn sc kinh t, ti chnh quc t v nguy c khng hong. Trong trng hp , th trng vn cha pht trin s khin h thng ngn hng phi chu mc thit hi ln hn do ri ro gy