AMERICAN PERIOD

Reason for Invasion:

Like many other Spanish holdings, the Philippines had an active independence movement at the turn of the century. Spain was no longer economically capable of retaining its far-flung empire, and although it did not relish the idea of giving it up, it could not feasibly hold on to it much longer. Since many of these colonial holdings were relatively close in proximity to the United States, the American leaders deemed it highly appropriate that they be the ones to step in and reap the benefits of Spain's loss. The independence movement in struggle within the Philippines, the Spaniards in retreat, and the outward-looking Americans were destined to converge on each other, and did so in a war that portrays American foreign policy's true intent and sets the precedent for the next 100 years. The reasons for American expansion and imperialism were relatively clear and in the public domain, as they still are. The primary concern of the US has been, and continues to be, business. Being one of the few countries largely founded by corporations, the US retains its heritage and respective focus. When the US does not actively cater to the needs of specific businessmen, companies, and industries, it, at the very least, takes into account the necessity of the American business climate and recognizes how it can facilitate a larger business market. Business itself relies on two different elements, input and output. The input is necessary to achieve the marketable product, the output. Expansion into other countries serves both of these elements: it secures the raw materials needed by many diverse industries and provides a market for those finished goods. Policies : Policy of Pacification Jones Law Granting of Independence to the Philippines The Hare Hawes Cutting Law and Tydings Mcduffie Law Howard Taft William Cameron Forbes Luke Wright Henry Ide James Smith Burton Francis Burton Harrison Leonard Wood Henry Stimson Dwight Davies Theodore Roosevelt Free Trade Policy In 1909, the U.S. Congress passed the Payne- Aldrich Tariff Act that provided free trade between the Philippines and the United States. Under this law, products that were to be exported by the United States to the Philippines can enter without tariffs and quota. On the other hands products to be exported by the Philippines shall also be allowed to enter U.S. without tariffs but with quota limitations. Rice from the Philippines was not allowed to enter the United States Result of Free Trade Free trade laws had tremendous bearing on Philippine economy.

Suppressing Nationalism Flag Law Sedition Law Policy of Attraction Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act Underwood-Simmons Act Pro-Americans Democrats Opposition

Effects of the American period in the Philippines Purchasing of Friar Lands Spanish weights and measures improved Modern machines Agricultural Products increased

Policy of Independence Wood-Forbes Mission (enemies of Independence)

Export Crops: Sugar, Copra, Coconut, Metals and Hemp Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 partial free trade of the Philippines and the United States Underwood-Simons Tariff Act Full trade Because of the Free Market of America, the annual balance of trade was generally in favor of the Philippines Defects of Free Trade with the United States brought economic prosperity to the Filipinos which in turn resulted in a higher standard of living, better health and sanitation and social advancement But Philippine economic prosperity is only artificial, economically Philippine economy became dependent in American Markets. Filipinos neglected to develop other markets in other countries such as Great Britain, Spain, China, France, Germany and Holland. -Industrial Development advent of the industrial age in the Philippines Philippine cigar and cigarette factories, coconut oil mills, sugar and other minerals -Growth: Mat and Hat, Cloth weaving industry, rattan and wood furniture, pottery and brick industry, slipper industry -NEPA- National Economic Protectionism Association - Improved and the development of Philippine Products: pia, jusi cloth, Ilocano blankets, towels, hemp slippers, Marikina shoes, bakyas, hats, Barong Tagalog and Balintawak for Filipinas Creation of many roads- Gov. Gen. Cameron Forbes

Manila-Dagupan Railway- Philippine Railway Company Opening of shipping ports MERALCO old Spanish horse drawn street car line in Manila organized by Charles M. Swift American imported electric street cars China clipper PLDT communication Currency Silver to Gold Philippine Postal Savings Banks Philippine National Bank Influences most westernized nation in Asia Democracy extended to the to Filipino masses (Common Tao) Food Cigarette Clothes Use of Mr. and Ms. Being Frank, Broadminded, Humor and Sportsmanship