Th c tr ng v gi i php h n ch r i ro trong ph ng th c

thanh ton tn d ng ch ng t (L/C) t i ngn hng

NHNo&PTNT (AgriBank) Nam H N i
c ng ti m s : 28575

MC LC
PHN M U................................................................................................1
CHNG 1: RI RO TRONG THANH TON THEO PHNG THC
TN DNG CHNG T CA CC NGN HNG THNG MI................2
1.1. Hot ng Thanh ton Quc t ca ngn hng thng mi..........................2
1.1.1. Khi nim, chc nng, vai tr ca ngn hng thng mi trong nn kinh t
quc dn.........................................................................................................2
1.1.1.1. Khi nim ngn hng thng mi (NHTM)..............................................2
1.1.1.2. Chc nng c bn ca ngn hng thng mi...........................................2
1.1.1.3. Vai tr ca ngn hng thng mi trong nn kinh t quc dn.................3
1.1.2. Hot ng thanh ton quc t ca cc ngn hng thng mi......................3
1.1.2.1. Khi nim thanh ton quc t (TTQT)......................................................3
1.1.2.2. Vai tr ca hot ng thanh ton quc t..................................................4
1.1.2.3. Cc phng thc thanh ton quc t ca ngn hng thng mi..............5
1.2. Phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t trong TTQT.............................10
1.2.1. Khi nim, c trng ca phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t..............10
1.2.1.1. Khi nim phng thc tn dng chng t (TDCT). ..............................10
1.2.1.2. c im ca phng thc tn dng chng t........................................11
1.2.2. Th tn dng chng t (Letter of Credit - L/C)............................................12
1.2.2.1. Khi nim th tn dng...........................................................................12
1.2.2.2. Ni dung ch yu ca th tn dng..........................................................13
1.2.2.3. Cc loi th tn dng...............................................................................15
1.2.3. Mi quan h php l gia cc bn tham gia phng thc thanh ton tn dng
chng t.......................................................................................................21
1.2.3.1. Cc bn tham gia thanh ton....................................................................21
1.2.3.2. Mi quan h php l gia cc bn tham gia............................................23

1.2.4. Quy trnh thanh ton.....................................................................................24

1.2.5. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca cc bn tham gia phng thc thanh ton tn
dng chng t..............................................................................................26
1.2.5.1. i vi nh nhp khu...............................................................................26
1.2.5.2. i vi nh xut khu.............................................................................26
1.2.5.3. i vi ngn hng...................................................................................27
1.3. Ri ro trong hot ng thanh ton quc theo phng thc tn dng chng t.
.....................................................................................................................................28
1.3.1. Ri ro trong cc hot ng thanh ton quc t ca ngn hng.....................28
1.3.1.1. Ri ro thng mi....................................................................................28
1.3.1.2. Ri ro trong hot ng thanh ton quc t..............................................29
1.3.2. Ri ro trong hot ng thanh ton quc t theo phng thc tn dng chng t.
.....................................................................................................................30
1.3.2.1. Ri ro tn dng.........................................................................................31
1.3.2.3. Ri ro quc gia........................................................................................34
1.3.2.4. Ri ro php l..........................................................................................35
1.3.2.5. Ri ro ngoi hi.......................................................................................36
1.3.2.6. Ri ro v tc nghip.................................................................................37
1.3.3. Ch tiu phn nh ri ro trong thanh ton tn dng chng t........................38
1.3.3.1. Ch tiu v nh mc k qu...................................................................38
1.3.3.2. Ch tiu v cho vay bt buc...................................................................39
1.3.3.3. Ch tiu v n qu hn.............................................................................39
1.3.4. Cc nhn t nh hng ti hn ch ri ro trong thanh ton theo phng thc
TDCT...........................................................................................................40
CHNG 2: THC TRNG RI RO TRONG THANH TON THEO
PHNG THC TN DNG CHNG T TI CHI NHNH NHNO & PTNT
NAM H NI........................................................................................................41
2.1. Thc trng hot ng TTQT theo phng thc TDCT ti Chi nhnh NHNo &
PTNT Nam H Ni (2005 - 2007)..............................................................................41
2.1.1. Tnh hnh hot ng kinh doanh ca chi nhnh nhno & ptnt nam h ni (2005
2007)............................................................................................................41
2.1.1.1. Huy ng vn..........................................................................................42

2.1.1.2. D n cho vay.........................................................................................43

2.1.2. Khi qut v hot ng TTQT ca Chi nhnh (2005 -2007)........................44
2.1.3. Quy trnh nghip v thanh ton tn dng chng t ti chi nhnh NHNo &
PTNT Nam H Ni......................................................................................47
2.1.3.1. Quy trnh nghip v thanh ton th tn dng nhp khu.........................47
2.1.3.2. Quy trnh nghip v thanh ton L/C xut khu.......................................51
2.1.4. Kt qu thc hin hot ng TTQT theo phng thc TDCT ti chi nhnh
(2005 - 2007)...............................................................................................55
2.2. Thc trng v ri ro trong thanh ton theo phng thc TDCT ti chi nhnh
NHNo & PTNT Nam H Ni (2005 2007)..............................................................58
2.2.1. Ri ro tn dng..............................................................................................58
2.2.2. Ri ro tc nghip...........................................................................................63
2.2.3. Ri ro o c..............................................................................................67
2.2.4. Ri ro kinh t, chnh tr, php l...................................................................69
2.2.5. Ri ro ngoi hi............................................................................................70
2.3. nh gi v thc trng ri ro trong phng thc TDCT ti Chi nhnh( 2005
2007)...........................................................................................................................71
2.3.1. Kt qu t c...........................................................................................71
2.3.2. Hn ch.........................................................................................................72
CHNG 3: GII PHP HN CH RI RO TRONG PHNG THC
THANH TON TDCT TI NHNO & PTNT NAM H NI............................74
3.1. nh hng pht trin hot ng TTQT theo phng thc TDCT ti Chi
nhnh NHNo & PTNT Nam H Ni...........................................................................74
3.1.1. Phn tch v d on mi trng hot ng ca chi nhnh..........................74
3.1.2. nh hng pht trin chung ca chi nhnh.................................................77
3.1.3. nh hng pht trin hot ng TTQT theo phng thc TDCT ca chi
nhnh...........................................................................................................78
3.2. Gii php hn ch ri ro trong thanh ton theo phng thc tn dng chng t ti
chi nhnh NHNo & PTNT Nam H Ni........................................................................79
3.2.1. Gii php hn ch ri ro khch quan............................................................79
3.2.1.1. y mnh cng tc t vn cho khch hng.............................................79
3.2.1.3. M rng quan h i l vi cc ngn hng nc ngoi...........................81

3.2.1.4. Tng cng cng tc o to nghip v cho cc cn b TTQT..............82

3.2.2. Gii php hn ch ri ro ch quan................................................................83
3.2.2.1. Xy dng chnh sch li sut v ph dch v hp l................................83
3.2.2.2. Nng cao cht lng cng tc thm nh, nh gi v phn loi khch hng.
...............................................................................................................84
3.2.2.4. Hon thin, chun ho quy trnh thanh ton TDCT.................................86
3.2.2.5. Hin i ho cng ngh thanh ton qua ngn hng.................................89
3.2.2.6. Xy dng cc chin lc Marketing ph hp vi chi nhnh...................90
3.3. Mt s kin ngh nhm hn ch ri ro trong thanh ton TDCT ti NHNo &
PTNT Nam H Ni.....................................................................................................93
3.3.1. Kin ngh i vi nh nc, chnh ph........................................................93
3.3.1.1. Xy dng v hon thin hnh lang php l ng b cho hot ng TTQT v
thanh ton TDCT ca cc NHTM.........................................................93
3.3.1.2. Ci thin cn cn thanh ton quc t.......................................................94
3.3.2. Kin ngh i vi Ngn Hng Nh Nc.....................................................95
3.3.2.1. Hon thin v pht trin th trng ngoi t lin ngn hng...................95
3.3.2.2. Xy dng ch t gi linh hot, ph hp vi tng thi k c th...............96
3.3.2.3. Nng cao cht lng cng tc thanh tra ngn hng.................................97
3.3.3. Kin ngh i vi cc doanh nghip xut nhp khu....................................98
3.3.3.1. Cn c i ng cn b chuyn trch v XNK, c nng lc v am hiu v
lut TMQT v TTQT............................................................................98
3.3.3.2. Khng ngng o to cn b tr, c cn b i hc nng cao trnh
chuyn mn nghip v..........................................................................98
3.3.3.3. Nng cao cht lng cng tc tm hiu tin cy ca i tc................99
KT LUN..................................................................................................100
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

DANH MC CH VIT TT

NHNo & PTNT Ngn hng nng nghip v pht trin nng thn.

TTQT

Thanh ton quc t.

TDCT

Tn dng chng t.

L/C

letter of credit.

NHTM

Ngn hng thng mi.

XNK

Xut nhp khu.

XK

Xut khu.

NK

Nhp khu.

NH

Ngn hng

UCP

Uniform customs and pratise for documentary

DANH MC BNG BIU

Thc trng v gii php hn ch ri ro trong phng thc thanh ton tn dng
chng t (L/C) ti ngn hng NHNo&PTNT (AgriBank) Nam H Ni...........1

PHN M U
Xu th pht trin hi nhp ca kinh t th gii, s pht trin mnh m ca th
trng ti chnh quc t tc ng n s vn ng khng ngng n cc dng vn
thng qua cc hot ng kinh t lin quan n thng mi quc t. Nm 2007 l nm
u tin Vit Nam tr thnh thnh vin WTO m ra nhiu thi c v c hi mi. Vi
xu th hi nhp ngy cng su rng chng ta ang khng nh mnh l mt thnh vin
trong nn kinh t ton cu. V th, hot ng xut nhp khu tr thnh lnh vc ht
sc quan trng i vi nn kinh t Vit Nam. Hot ng giao thng vi nc ngoi
i hi vai tr rt ln ca dch v thanh ton quc t pht trin. Tuy nhin hot ng
thanh ton quc t rt phc tp v ch c cc ngn hng mi m nhim c, cc c
nhn v t chc khc khng thc hin c.
Cng tc thanh ton l khu cui cng ca mt qu trnh sn xut v lu thng
hng ho. Thanh ton lm c tt th gi tr hng ho mi c thc hin. Cng tc
thanh ton quc t c hnh thnh v pht trin trn c s pht trin ngoi thng ca
mt nc v ngn hng thng mi c nh nc giao cho c quyn lm cng tc
ny. n nay, thanh ton quc t tr thnh mt trong nhng chc nng quan trng
nht ca cc ngn hng thng mi. Nu c lm tt, n s gp phn thc y ngoi
thng pht trin, ngc li s lm km hm s pht trin ca thng mi quc t.
Hin nay cc ngn hng rt quan tm v ngy cng hon thin cc loi hnh thanh
ton quc t, dch v thanh ton quc t tr thnh mt mng khng th tch ri v
em li ngun thu nhp ln.
Trong cc phng thc thanh ton quc t th phng thc tn dng chng t chim
t l s dng cao hn c, do cn bng c li ch ca hai bn xut khu v nhp khu.
Thanh ton bng phng thc tn dng chng t em li s thnh cng cho cc hp ng
ngoi thng, to iu kin cho hot ng xut nhp khu pht trin.
L sinh vin khoa ngn hng em thy y l mt lnh vc y tim nng em li
li nhun cao cho ngn hng, tuy nhin cng cha ng nhiu ri ro nn mun i su
vo tm hiu nhm xc nh v hn ch ri ro trong thanh ton theo phng thc tn
dng chng t.

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