LAB REPORT:NUCLEAR PHYSICS

SUBMITTED BY: AMBREEN

SUBMITTED TO:SIR ATTIQUE KHAN SHAHID MAM MARRIUM EXPERIMENT NO 1:DETECTION OF ALPHA PARTICLES USING G.M COUNTER

Nuclear Radiation
When an unstable nucleus decays, there are three ways that it can do so. It may give out:-

Alpha Particles (a) Beta Particles (b) Gamma Rays (g)

Detection of radiation
Photographic film Geiger-Muller counter

Detection of radiation

Radiation cannot be
seen heard smelt tasted touched

Methods of detections
1. Photographic film 2. Diffusion cloud chamber 3. Geiger-Muller counter

Photographic film
sealed radium source

A set-up demonstrates the blackening effect of radiation on a photographic film

lifting tool sealed photographic film key

18.4 Detection of radiation (SB p. 28)

Photographic film
film blackened

radiation

penetrates the wrapping of film

cannot penetrate the metal key

leaving shape of key on film

Detection Of Alpha Particles Using Gieger Muller Counter

Gieger Muller Counter

CONSTRUCTION WORKING

USES
OBJECTIVES CHARACTERISTIC CURVES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS:
WEAK POINTS:
The Threshold voltage is less then the ideal threshold voltage..

The plateau region is not exactcly flat. There is some instrumental error in the experimental findings ,as well as the human errors

STRONG POINTS:
The curve obtained by the experimental results is very close to the ideal chracteristic curve of the GM region

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We can use ratemeter instead of that scalar unitso that we can measure the counts per seconds instead of counts per minute.which may give out better results. We can use better digital GM tube for the experimentso that there may be better detectaion of the particles.. Increasing voltage simply lenghtens the active volume of the tube,the number of counts thus increses for a given radiation.