Trng thpt hu lc 2

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

Thy gio: Mai Tin Dng

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

Kim tra bi c
Nhn bit cc cht, ion sau ng trong cc l ring bit bng phng php ha hc. a> CO2, SO2, O2, H2S b> Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

* L

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

phng php ha hc nh lng, da trn vic o th tch dung dch thuc th c nng bit phn ng vi mt th tch xc nh dung dch ca cht c nng cha bit cn xc nh * Phn loi:Da vo bn cht ca phn ng ho hc + phng php axit - baz + phng php oxi ho - kh.
Ch : Mi php chun tin hnh 3 ln ly kt qu trung bnh ca 3 ln

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

pipet

Buret

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

Chuncht ca s chun trung ho (chun * Bn dung dch HCl cha bit bng dung dch chun NaOH axit-baz) l dng dung dch chun l
(1) axit HCl + hoc baz mnh chun mnh NaOH NaCl + H2O * Chun dung dch CH3COOH cha bit bng dung baz hoc axit khc dch chun NaOH pH ca dung dch CH3COONa + H2O (2) CH3COOH + NaOH thu c thay i lin tc * Chun dung dch NH3 cha bit bng dungtng trong qu trnh chun . Ti im dch chun HCl ngHCl ph thuc vo bn cht ca axit (3) pH + NH NH Cl + H O 3 4 2 hoc baz cn chun v nng ca chng xc nh im tng ng ta phi dng cht ch th. Cn phi chn cht ch th c khong pH i mu trng hoc rt st vi pH ca im tng ng v dung dch chun c nng

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

Khong pH i mu ca 3 cht ch th thng s dng trong chun axit - baz

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

Tn cht ch th

Khong pH i mu

Mu dng axitdng baz

Metyl da cam

3,1- 4,4

- Vng

Metyl
phenolphtalei n

4,2 - 6,3
8,3 - 10,0

- Vng
Khng mu

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

S bin thin ca pH trong qu trnh chun . Gi s chun V0 ml dung dch HCl nng C0 mol/l bng dung dch chun NaOH c nng n C mol/l. Phn ng chun : HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O * Trc tng ng: H+ d: [H+] = (C0V0 - CV)/ (V+V0) * Ti im tng ng: pH = 7

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

* Sau tng ng: OH- d: [OH-]=(CV - C0V0)/ (V+V0)

Bng ghi kt qu chun 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,100 M bng dung dch chun NaOH 0,100 M
VNaOH
0 10 50 90 99 99,9 100 100,1 101 110

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.

pH

1,1

1,48

2,28

3,3

4,3

7,0

9,7

10,7

11,68

Kt lun: Dng 3 cht ch th metyl da cam, metyl v phenolphtalein lm cht ch th cho chun axitbaz

Tit: 78
I. Phng php phn tch chun

Bi 51: CHUN AXIT BAZ

* Cch chun : Ly dung dch chun NaoH vo buret. Ly dung dch HCl cn xc nh nng vo bnh tam gic sch (dng pipet) thm vo 1-2 git pp. Thm t t dung dch chun n khi dung dch ch th chuyn t khng mu sang mu hng th dng li. * Cng thc tnh: CHCl = VNaOH.CNaOH / VHCl

1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun . 2. Dng c trong phn tch
II. Chun axit-baz

1. Nguyn tc chung. 2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH.