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.4 ) . (LIFE 5
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).
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.5 ) (LIFE 6
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G > 0

. .

G < 0

. .

G = 0

- .

.
.

ATP-5.5
. ATP
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A TP + H 2 O ADP + PI + G
- G ( G < 0 ).

.6 , ) . (LIFE 6
-6.1 ,
: )( , )( ,
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) (NONCOMPETITIVE \ ALLOSTERIC ,
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.7 ) (LIFE 7
7.1
: , , .
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, 3 ).(G3P
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7.2
:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O+ free energy

.ATP-

ADP + Pi + free energy ATP

:

m o le

G = 686 kcal

, , .ATP O2)
( 4 , :
* , , PYRUVATE ) (
) ( . O2 PYRUVATE ,
)(.

) (

)(

PYRUVATE

)(


PYRUVATE

. 10 " .
2 : 4 ,PYRUVATE 2 ,ATP .NADH
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- .
- " .
- .
* .
. .OXIDIZING AGENT
.REDUCING AGENT
, ,REDUCING AGENT- O2 - .OXIDIZING AGENT-
. REDUCING AGENT- NAD COENZYME .
. :
NAD+
NADH + H +

NAD + + 2H NADH + H

H H +.
:NADH-

NADH + H + + 1 O2 NAD+ + H2O

2
:

m ole

G = 52.4 kcal

) O2 (OXIDIZING AGENT-
7.4 ) (
, ) ( .
.
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7.5 ,
, .
PYRUVATE " NADH + H + NAD + -.
- , PYRUVATE . .ACETALDEHYDE-
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7.6
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, acetyl CoA - PYRUVATE CO2-
NAD + NADH + H + -
) (- acetyl CoA- Oxaloacetate -
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COENZYME, NADH + H + ( .
, , .
ATP -OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION . O2
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* ) ( ATPsyntase , H +
.
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2 ATP
2 ATP -
28 ATP -OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 32ATP

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 " , .NEGATIVE\ POSITIVE FEEDBACK

phosphofructokinase - .ATP
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+
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.8 ) . (LIFE 9
- . -
4 . :
.1 (REPRODUCTIVE SIGNAL) .
.2 .DNA
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.9 ) (LIFE 11,12
9.1 RNA ,DNA -
-DNA : )( , 4 - .:
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= A T
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