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L ~'il~ oo.Jti'l"'n~!:~1um'l3.Ji
0 I qI

m1tJ~~

LL~!:
0

.J .... 1.1.::.1 L~ I1lflt;lt;l 'ilVl~tiHn n'l1'l'l'l LLe.J ~ t.IVl~:::Yi!1J.Jn 1::tl'lti n'l1Vl'l'l'lkl"ll'il'l ~ L~U '1.11 U'ilm'l2J1!:tJtJ ~L~!:\ll'l2J'l C1k11 ~
~i

L1.11.1 n t;l1-nt'IJ~!l'l 1!:£J

'\"jot) W~1~

"

31

'VI 1i~ m111fl'W~t)'191n';)m.J1n1r(1u'WmJ'~'tl'W d~I'U~-l~"li'Ju1 F1lL~!4'n"r'iq~mtlJ q \\ F1'J13.J LVh'lt:::VI~1-l1JFI LL~:::F1'J1lJ~'U1"'''!I'tl'l,rn unn R~ (1u'U1'W~1'U'Jlii1l1,):::1'U e11-l 1L~U'"l:::"li'Ju 1\\ • • F1t~~'tlt.l~1lJ1tn4' ~m:::1J'Jt.m1t(1u'Wmr~'fl'UL~'tlU1-liJ,jr:::~i'lBI11"r'i -nUU-lf'l i'i1V1lJ'l'l~ (2529 : "" ... 36-37) HI n ci 1'J11'rj1 n 1~"W F1'J lJfl 'W'VI 11 qM~9lni)'VIU1lJ1,j t:::fJnln1-rt un 1 n1m.m 1 U-l'tluu'W F11~~'fl'Wf\')t"':::U1V1~n9(;l';)i'lU1m1(1m..l~~'1lJitl\,jt1 "" "

...

6. VI~nn1t1\\~(1u'WU1L1u'Wie1'tldltl'lL,jYi~:::\ifltJ(;l13.J~1~1Jiu

1Un11tJ n ~'U,rn C1uu1tHi F1'J1lJl~1'U~i'lfiYiiu n'"lnttll~iJ'Lh:::Lmnr'tltl1-l~'11'WmtL1u'Un11~'tl'W

VInM:::Yiiu

m~:::9C01Yiiu d1u

~~LUUn114'r;,~111i'imnuL~t)1.~un!Smu,j~u'W LtilU~1il~Vli n~ V1~i'lU 1

"r'iq ~ n r111'"l'W~11,J1 tnullum'l1'W~1~f1J3.J'tl1JVI).J1uUl'ilU1'1iJur:::ai'lflI11"r'i

32

n1~~tl'Wn1~~t:l'W ~'"11(1) ~m"1it:ltJ LL~::~1tl'l.'"1~uVlf~~n6 ~

(2523 : 52-53) 1~mh'"Jii,m1~~h~

.,

LLtJtJtJnn'"1m'nm1~(jtl'Wm~~t:l'WH~1

rllrl'"J~~'fl~U~~itnVlqt;'lJn1~!stlU~(1)';)V1m~~iJ

1. nnn1~~tl'Wi'lJ'fI~fi'flf'W1~~
~1 ~~'l.~n!1l1~~iJn1~'tlmJu

L~mntJnnm~~m~'tln

(Law of Exercise)

~~mhJ

.,

iJm1~rl~'fl~~I)LL~::~1~1~m111~~'l.uVl1~(1)Nn'W;h~~~'l.~n(1)1lJ~hi

1~ftJn1~'tJn~'WVI'fl~Vi~hJ'WTWL~-A'"J tJ'fl~'"1::~11~lbJ~

2.

rl'"J1~LWln!1l1~~::~'"J1~1.J1"11"1~ 1"I'"J~I"11'W~1)1'WnL~tl'WLL(1)~::I"1'W~m1~l C1'W~ 1"1'"J1~

...::I

...

.q

.0I:III

II

...

.,

m1)..l~1~1~C1 LL~::rl':l1~~u'l.'"1LL(1)n(;h~'W 'U::t!'W'1.'Wn1~~11~LLtJtJ'tJmJun'"1n11~m~~tl'Wm~~'flU n ~~f1':l~TI'"11:rru1i1-'lfl'l1~L~~'l::~~ ~'fl hitl'lnvi;''fI~'ltl(1)ULii'WltlLL'~::I"1':l~iJ~~1tl1

uuu

3. tnn

n1~'"1~'l.'"1~~tl'Wl~tln1~~~LLlJlJ'tJn~uii'"lml'~ml'~tl'Wm~MI'W

.. ..

"'I1n~'ltl1tl~1

L~'fl~.!l~~rl':l1~~u'l.'"I"ll'fl-'lt!n~mJ

..

;-'l'"l::~1'l.tXLii(;1tJ~~1L;"'I'1.uml''tJmJuLL~'"J tT~'lI'"Jtl5'"JtlltX

U(1)m tJ1'Wl1~d (2527 : 26-27) mh'"J~11um~~h-'lLLtJtJ'tln~uii'"lm'~~n11'(jtlU m 1'~'f)'W 'a.!l'f)'l~tl~i ~ n~1 ~ qjVl Gt;'!lm1~tl'WiVl1~~ (1)';jVltl1tJ~::n'fltJ ~'ltl ~-'l~

1.

s.m1~'1. n~"li(;1 (Contiguition)

mr

t~~ " .J.... .t t 'WL'"Jfil1 1I;i"lL11LL~::ml'(1)'fllJ~'Wfl.!l'YILnt1l'lJ'W

'1.n~LFitl~n'WL~'f)~~1.!l f1'"J1~~'fl'1."'1'1.tXntJ~~tlU

33

3.

n!JLL'1A-.3tJ~ (Law of Effect) ~fl n1~l~~~tJt.ll~Vl~'ltJtJ~mS''I'i'l-.3')t.l~fl-.3[;lt.ll~tI

~')~~~') ;-.3t.lfl n'"l'l n'"l::::'I'i'lloX ~tlt.l1~i'l~')tJ~') n1~m::::'I'i'l~'fl-.3 c.J [;It.ldjt.lflt.l'l-.31n~~ ')

"

U-1 dji.lm

~~ ~'l-.3

4. LLN~~h
"'l'ln~'ltl1tJ'Vntl'ln
~.... Q

(Motivation)

Ul~Lri

n'lS'L1m..lulJ1J1Jnt.ln"'l mn.m'lJ'~tli.ln1J'~'fli.l ~ ~~~L~fll1'fl~~9::::U'l~'l~~'l~LLUU


.oetI 1.1
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LL~::::9'lnUUlJ~n~ii.llu~mJUtJn~m')~t.l
q

"

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LLUU :::~1l 'lYluJ'::::n'fltJL~fl~L LS''l ')'l ).J~t.l19"1l'tJ~i.ln J'tltU.J'lmt.l us Yl'tJ ~ L

J:'

1l'l'Wl~ ml.JI:::~lJn'IJUn~tlt.l

t(?1tIl-nw5n~[;l';jVlmlJ'lun;tI

,n[;l1.i.ln1~L1t1t.lm~~'tJi.l ~-.3U

1.

HfLLtJtJtJmJi.l;1nM::::w~ltl

1 "]j\l(il

L~'flL¥'l1~t!nwtJi.lLn(il~,)llJ~i.lt9~')tln'lJ'

L~~ (il~'tJ'tJi'l 'l~ ~,)'ll-J~'llJ'l~tl n

LL~ :::mll-J L-n'l19 ~H1i.lU'IJ'IJ n ~i.l;1 nM::::n"'l ~lJ m J'Wtli.ln1~~'ili.l m

11

2.

LLtJtJ~mJt.lVlnM::::Vl9 !11'l1U'W [;l'il~ "'i.lmS't1t.l~'llJ'l~mLtlmLtI:::~,)'ll-J LLMn M'l~'lI'tJ~

.d

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tlcv.:!il

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t!n~Vl';ji'lmluncilJYln~n~~Uul.J
• "I

nlS'(1u uf~ d1uLLU') ~Wllfl~ rn 11~ i'tJ~ flUflt.ln t5'IJ ~ ~

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"

184)

34

.,
1. ~rit.!Lu'fIf Conditioning
~UL'fI~

, (Oparant

(Skinner)

t~~~'Vt~MlJn1~'J1~L~'flul"11LL'lJ1Jn1m~~1l1

Theory) 1~tJ!j~"Hfnn1~1~n1~L~11-JLLN Lrl'fl~~tJULL~~'l'r~~Mnnl-Jn1j'~iJU~~'JtJ


~1'fl LU'W

L~'fll ~ ~ LTtJU!tj 1V'1~ Mn1~l-J~ L"ll1LL~~~,r'WLU q Mm11-Jn11~tJ'W!~tJ ml'fl~ 'WV'I

V'I~ ~ n~11-Jn11LLntr'Y~1~tJn Ji'fl~

(Connectioned

Theory) 'VtqM'lJilmh'l~~

..

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~U'fI~ (Responses)

1~tJ~n1~~'fl'U~u'fI~,rn'"l~r,;)'fIn1-J1LtI'WltJLL1J1J~n1j-ru~lth~

1 ~~1tJltJLL1J1J

3.

~i't~

(Hull) 1~\~'W'fIYlqM"nn'u~tJ'WiLL'U'U~mti'fl'l1~~~1~~~

L11n1Jn11~'fI'IJ

~'W'fl'l (Hull's Systematic Behavior Theory) 1~mh'J~1

.,

"n11~tJ'Wi'"l~Lnc;,~'WLrl'fln11tJ!j~,r'W

l~f1Jn1:n~ll-JuN

LLi't~~U~1'W"1I'fI..:In1l'~tJ'W~Lnc;,'"l1nn11L~jl-JLLN1-J1nntj1n1~'"l~1'"1" ~ ~ ~

Y)Pi'W1 LL"lll-JlJ (2522 : 200-201) 1~'fIfi'IJ1tJ'VtqM-fln~lJilJ~ufiLt.ln1l'~'fI'Wtj1 ~lJ1tJ~~ n1l'~'fl'W~~~,"~n'VtqMnn~lJil-JYI'WflL1l'WLLU'l'Vt1~1'Wn1~4'~n1~L1tJ'Wn11~'fIu~lu'Wl~

ru

fl'J11-J~'WhLtI'W~LFl1!t1'W~'fl'lYlqMmnJ"ll'fl'l,rnlStJ'W 1~tJi'lfllLtI'W~~~n9nnlJn11~tJ'Wn1~~'flul~
.

LtlultJ ~1lJ,"~ n n11~tJui"ll'fl~'Vt qM-fln~lJ

il-JYlUfl:f..:l~ttll~ ~~il
1~mtl~1'f1n1~1~oJn~tJui'ld'Jui'JlJ ~~9~"J!'ltJ1LX~L1fJuLn~m1l-JV'lj'tllJ f"1'l1l-J

..

1. ~~nn11~'fl'W~~~,rn~tJULtlu~UUni't1~
lun9mnJn11L1tJu1LX*I)~~l-J1n~~~LYh~9~l-J1nt~ n 1~1tl'fl1'f11UYl9::: L~fJU ~ L LLfi 1tJU'fltl1~lJ"lI'lItl"ll'J1
... ... ....,J
cI cI
I

cI.,..,.

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~~

n n11~'fIU~mV'ln~l-JdjuLm~~

1"1'J11-Ji~~1rlC\JLUUn11Ltlc;,t'fln1~lLX,rn ~EJt.l LX~wtJULn(;JI")'J1l-Jifl'J1l-JL-ih19 LLfi:::L1tJt.lt~

n11~mJi1u~n1iru:::n~lJ9:::'lhtJl

'"I:::tJf'U~'l1~~1lJ11~'tl~~1..:11'Wi'Jl-Jn1J~'Wl~~ ~ ~

35
,

3.

twTn m

~~'t)UYlm~ nlTPlUVnJ ~'JtJ r;)'W~'B-!l t(;1tJI"llci-l~fl1-~1'tX,rn~tJ'WYitJl tn~flU

'\!I1LV~:::YlU~Ir;)'f)U~'JtJrlUL't)-lmTl:::n1~P1UYnJfOl'Jl~'"I1-!l1(;11 ~':Jtlt9l'W~'El-l,rlJ~~tJ'W~n'"l::;'"IC'l~11~ ~ ~~'"l::;ri'f)1~Ln"'nl~LtJ~tlULLtJfl-lYl[1~nTT~1~~')nn~In11~tl'W~~1~fun111J'fmlt'i,)'"Iln~'W ·1 ~


~

4.

~~nmT~'t)U~m"'ml~~lfoi'Y'll'B-lm:::U':JUniTlStJui~I~t1U~-l~llU'W

Iums

~lflt'N"nl"l':J,)~~LL~:::~,)rl'f)u[1h~ ~

1unl1lLfl'J~'\!Il~It9l'BuhJ1¥J!,j-l'BrJ~~Ir;)'El1J~YltWarJl-.1L~m

1 R1~-lUl'El-l'V'mlm3-J1'lX~wtlu1~~C'l1Ll"ln::;'\!I"11-ln~:::u'Junl1[1h~ 1 .. ..
"
tMtlhj~I;j-l~-.1m:::1.J'd'Wn1mfl:::11inl1

'"IlnVl~nn,)1fl'f)UYl~M'!Jn~~6~"r1'Wfi~-lnt'il'J

ltn':JIYl

lM'JI:::rJtJ~ (2527 : 156-183)

1~UI3-Jlfl~l-l LLUU ml'~'f)U LC'ltiL-n'T:::1J'Jum mt'i ~6~"r1Ufi Lu j:::~1JtJl':::"~ ~ nM'1 LLfl:::'lI-l L'W'lYlI-l n L '\!I~nmjH flttJ1Pl~-l11

'"

1.

n')jL'l-l'(;1~-lVl~It1'lJ'El-ln11L1t1'Wn1jfl'f)'W

::.

'"l:::tlf't)-lti(-l''''~-l'l!lWltl~'J1tJ

"

LLfl::

''''~~'\!IWltlL;-lYl~~nl1~HLfl~'t)

2.

nl1~",tJ1:::fl1Jm1rumjl1tJui'l!l1'fln'"lm13-J
,

1"l'J1Ltlun'"lm1l-JYi,j'Jtl1""~~t1'W

flll-J1Tm;hL'"ICtl'WL't)-l1~'t)Eh~rl'fl-lLLVf ~-liiLLU'Jm1~"'~-l11

'"

2.1 il-lnlEJ

LUUn'"ln11~~"l1':JtlL 'lX~(1t1'Wt~ (1t1Uf~'JtI r;)'Wl'fl-l L(i1tJiJ~hui'Jl-J~-lYl'N

"

..

'fl1l'"ml' ~~h1'Y'Y1 LLfl:::i-ll"ll-J

36

,
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Lij'Wn1l'Lvi1UlJ
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~Cl'l'WV1ml'bLtNn~l-J 'ljj'n1l'V11~1kl

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LVi'th'VI n11L1Uklzn'l1-l"ll'l1-lU-l"ll'IJ

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Viq~nl'1l-JLL~::;n1l'i'ltiflil-J~uifn1l'
I

'l LPl11::;'VIu.,:::"lI'ltit \H"1I1~.,M'WL'tl-l M~f1rn"l'ULMl-J~l1-l LL 'l Flc;) Fl1Utll-J'tlfl-l M\,IL'VI L U ~l.I1::;~l-JU\I'1IU


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37

~'hnll~~nn1~~ij'fl~hhh~tJnt'l1~L;hnllVlUL'fI~

L~'fIt'ihJ~U1Jt~1Jfl~nfl1~LL~~~~~n~~lJ'[J1Nt'lU

t~L~lJ1::;~lJ~~~U LL~~Ul\'l..IHLLni1'1!~1~1'fl~11~M~fl~~1~~

1 ~'fI\'l..I

~nlv!U(?l\~L~tNt(?l

LL,«~"lI')tJl~llnlJ~(;J.Ju1n1~"lI'tl~~r4tJu [;l'«'El(?l"u"ll')tJl"LX~~'fIU~llJl~(1'l..1~::;LijU

~~nlJ'fl'Elu'[J'fl~(;1U~IHhJJ':;fllJ~~~IL1"lJ1nU'flUL~u~tf.il

m ~~ ttln11~ mtl LnMml u~:;~mJ~::(1lJ~ nMluu

"

m::ll~IN

~n1!'tl fin111~lJ'illJ

VllJ1U1t.\~ 1Un.:J1Uflruen ~~lJn11n11'l..1r::OlJ n1!'t1 '!A.:J'JI1;;Li~lu~,)1.:JViu ~ LL j1Un11M n1!'t1ln1!'tmt"LX , " LLrium1-uUl1')'l..Ir::LllPi tttlU~ttlLil'ilV!I':l"1l1Ln1!'t(;1rlJn'~.:JtuV!~n~(;1nh:(1lJ~n1!'t1 ~llfiMn~l"11 2521 (-uUlJ'l..It'1J1Jt.:J YUI. 2533) lUn~lJn1N1ULL~::~t.l31Um~~ (mlJ':l"1l1n11, 2535 : 99) 1~nlvrU(?lt)(;1t]'l..I1:;~.:JriH~~e

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38

n11'~~ n'1l'L1l1".m'1S'~'tli.!n~lJ N'1i.!LL~:;v'h,ll'1i.!'El'l:nYi m LL\,I,)n11'4'L'lml'wtJUn11~'H)uH~~u(nnl1"l1'1n1S',2535: 100)

"

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..

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m:r~ '1L Ui.!n'"lMl'~ n11'LjtJi.!n'l1~'ElU ,xtJl':;~1Jt.I~~ '1L~'"l 1~n~'l')ii'l~~~1"l1ml'-W'"l'l1ru'1ri'fl'W~"':;"r1'lml'~!I'W 'IJ

UmJ ,,1..mflJlu

(2533

: 138-139)

39

r.nnn1~~n~'1Ln~l'1~'ttl1':::~1J1.l1:::(JlJ~m11 Yl1-l'l\.m11~'tltiUnmJU

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