QUN L B NH TRONG WINDOWS

I.QUN L B NH TRONG II.QUN L B NH NGOI

I.QUN L B NH TRONG
1.GII THIU 2.VIC PHN TRANG TRONG B X L x86 3.QUN L CC PAGETABLE TRONG WINDOWNS 4.BO V B NH 5.SP T B NH LOGIC

1.GII THIU
H thng 32bit x86 ca Windows c th truy nhp ti 4GB ca b nh vt l Windows cng cp pht cho ring mi process b nh logic dung lng 4GB , 2GB thp dng cho user mode v 2GB cao dng cho Windows Kernel mode code.

 Windows s dng chc nng phn trang (paging) trong b x l x86. Vic phn trang cho php phn mm s dng a ch logic bn canh a ch vt l n v x l phn trang (the processors paging unit) c chc nng chuyn i a ch logic sang a ch vt l mt cch trong sut (transparently).

2. Vic phn trang trong b x l x86

 Mi Page Directory entry-PDE 4 bytes tr ti 1 page table trang, Mi Page table entry-PTE 4 bytes tr ti mt a ch vt l 4 KB. lu tr 1024 PDE x 1024 PTE cn 1 b nh 4x1024x1024 bytes=4 MB.

 Khi mt PDE hay PTE c s dng, +20 bit cao ca n a ra a ch ca mt 4KB page (biu din a ch vt l thc ti Page Frame Number (PFN) +12 bit thp dng lu tr cc thng tin bo v trang ( page protection information) v mt s thng tin ni dch c yu cu t h iu hnh cho cc hm c tnh.

 PTE hp l s cha a ch vt l ca mt 4KB page PTE khng hp l s cha cc bit c bit c nh du (Invalid PTE) Khi mt process x l c kch hot, mi PTE s biu din a ch vt l ca PT S c ring mt b x l chuyn i t a ch vt l sang a ch logic. a ch c s ca th mc trang (PD Base address) ,lu tr trong thanh ghi CPU c bit gi l CR3 Khi chuyn sang process mi (context switch) Windows s ti v gi tr mi ca CR3 tr ti PDB mi.

 Mt iu hin nhin l tng b nh c cp pht trong cng mt thi im s khng c vt qu dung lng ca Ram + kch thc Tuy rng mi process u c 4GB dung lng b nh,nhng n ch c th s dng a ch c cp pht cho n, cc a ch ngoi vng cp pht s b PTE coi nh l a ch khng hp l .

 Mt a ch logic 32 bit c chia lm 3 phn nh di y 10 bit cao t a ch logic c dng lm ch mc ca th mc trang 10 bit tip theo c dng lm ch mc ca bng trang 12 bit cui s dng nh a ch cc byte ring ca trang.

4. Memory protection
Windows trnh cho cc process truy cp vo b nh ca nhau theo cch di y a ch vt l ca b nh c cp pht trong PTE ch dng cho mt process. Cc PT c lu tr bn trong vng nh kernel (2GB ca b nh vt l s dng cho qu trnh x l,2 GB cn li dng cho windows kernel).Do cc ng dng di ch user khng th trc tip truy nhp vo cc PT

5. Windows logical memory layout

Mi process c nh a ch cc bng trang ti a ch logic 0xC0000000 v cc th mc trang ti a ch logic 0xC0300000