UM10155

Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

Rev. 02 5 September 2006 User manual

Document information Info Keywords Abstract Content Class D Audio Amplier, Universal Class D, UcD, PWM Audio Amplier, High Power Audio. This user manual describes the operating instructions and the most important background information of the Philips Semiconductor Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier Demonstrator Board. With proper heatsinking of the Power MOSFETs and a well dimensioned power supply, the PWM amplier is capable of supplying 200 W of high quality audio power into a 4 loudspeaker.

Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

Revision history Rev 02 01 Date 20060905 20060801 Description corrected Figure 9. initial version

Contact information
For additional information, please visit: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com For sales ofce addresses, please send an email to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com
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User manual

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

1. Introduction
The Universal Class D (UcD) version 1.00 demonstrator board implements a 200 W true RMS (into a 4 load) high quality audio power amplier on a very compact printed-circuit board. The amplier is built-up of discrete components only, and makes use of Philips patent WO 03/090343.

001aaf148

Fig 1. General view

The demonstrator board is intended to illustrate the capability of Philips Power MOSFETs in discrete high-end PWM audio amplier applications. The board is self-contained and only requires a simple (non-stabilized) dual power supply, an audio source (e.g. function generator, CD player) and a loudspeaker to demonstrate its capabilities. For evaluation at high output power a provision is made to attach an appropriate heatsink to the MOSFETs on the board.

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User manual Rev. 02 5 September 2006
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. UM10155_2
R29 10 C2 100 nF R6 47 k Q3 BC857 R5 R7 220 R13 2.2 k C4 220 pF R12 22 k D6 BAS321 D8 PDZ12B D9 R14 5.6 M 1PS76SB10

2. Circuit diagram

Philips Semiconductors

J5
R16 4.7 k R26 0.05 R18 390 Q10 BC857 R20 27 D11 BAS316 PHP18NQ11T Q12 PBSS5140T R15 3.9 M R11 1 k D7 BAS321 R8 1 k Q14 R24 10 C9 100 pF

C5 100 F

C6 100 nF

J6
C12 100 nF C11 22 F C16 100 nF C17 1000 F

J3
47 k

Q4 BF721

J4
BF821 R1 R3 47 D1 1PS76SB10 D2 1PS76SB10 R4 47 BF821 Q2

J1 J2

560 C1 4.7 nF

Q1 R2 1 k

L1 28 H C15 680 nF Q13

J10

C7 100 F

C8 100 nF

R17 390 Q9 BC857 D10 R19 27 D12 BAS316 PHP18NQ11T R23 10 C10 100 pF

J11

Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

BF820 Q7 BC847 Q5

BF820 Q8 BC847 Q6 R27 8.2 k D5 PDZ12B Q15 BF720

1PS76SB10

J7
Q11 PBSS5140T R21 1 k C13 100 nF C14 22 F C18 100 nF C19 1000 F

C3 100 nF

R8 220

R9 330

R10 220 R28 10

J8
R25 0.05

J9
001aaf149

UM10155

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Fig 2. Circuit diagram

Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier
Connections Function audio in - signal audio in - ground amplier enable ground positive supply voltage positive current sense power supply ground negative current sense negative supply voltage loudspeaker output loudspeaker ground Remarks use together with J2 use together with J1 when connected to ground (J4) the amplier is enabled use together with J3 30 V to 45 V (no need for a stabilized power supply) can optionally be used in an overcurrent protection scheme 0V can optionally be used in an overcurrent protection scheme 30 V to 45 V (no need for a stabilized power supply) use together with J11 use together with J10

Table 1. Connector J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11

3. Printed-circuit board layout

001aaf150

001aaf151

Fig 3. Top copper layout

Fig 4. Bottom copper layout

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00

J3 J4 J1 J2 Q13 Q14 + C5 + C11

J5 C17 J6

C15

L1
J10 J11

C7 +

J7

J8 J9

international C14 patent WO 03/090343

001aaf152
C19

001aaf153

Fig 5. Component layout

Fig 6. Top silk-screen

4. Specications
Table 2. Symbol VP PL THD+N S/N fPWM Voffset Specications Parameter supply voltage output power efciency total harmonic distortion-plus-noise signal-to-noise ratio PWM frequency offset voltage idle DC value Conditions equal positive and negative supply voltages VP = 45 V; RL = 4 ; appropriate heatsink needed PL = 100 W; RL = 4 PL = 10 W; frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz Value 30 V to 45 V 200 W (RMS) > 92 % < 0.03 % > 120 dB ~ 400 kHz < 50 mV

4.1 Pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown

A provision has been added to the circuit to provide pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown. To make use of the start-up facility, make sure that the supply power (pins J5 and J9) is applied prior to enabling the amplier (connecting J3 to J4). To benet from the pop-less shutdown feature, disable the amplier (disconnect J3 and J4) prior to removing the supply power.

4.2 Overcurrent protection

A provision has been added to the circuit to monitor the current owing through the Power MOSFETs (Q13 and Q14). The voltage appearing between pins J5 and J6 is proportional to the current in MOSFET Q14 (ratio: 50 mV/A) and the voltage between J8 and J9 is proportional to the current in MOSFET Q13 (ratio: 50 mV/A). With the use of an external
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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

circuit these two signals may be used to disable the amplier (disconnect J3 and J4) in case of an overcurrent situation. Similarly the J3-J4 pin combination can be used to disable the amplier in case of other fault conditions.

4.3 Important notice

The High Power Class D Audio Amplier Demonstrator Board is meant to demonstrate the capabilities of the specic Class D Amplier design and its semiconductor components. No provisions for short-circuit and overcurrent protection were made on the demonstrator board itself. Neither was an operating temperature compensation feature implemented on the board. The circuit on the board is reduced to its essentials. In this implementation the High Power Class D Audio Amplier Demonstrator Board is not intended to be used for long term operation or under extreme temperature conditions when delivering substantial output power.

5. Wiring diagram and powering-up

PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 J4 signal ground J1 J2

+ C5 + C11

J5 J6
C17 10 mF C15 Q13 Q14 L1 30 V to 45 V 4 to 8

J10 J11 J7

C7 +

J8
+ international C14

10 mF

30 V to 45 V

J9

patent WO 03/090343
C19

001aaf154

Audio input: J1 is signal; J2 is ground Initially, leave J6 and J8 unconnected; J7 and J11 are at the same (ground) potential

Fig 7. Wiring diagram

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

6. Adding external features

6.1 Electronic enabling/disabling of the amplier
+

PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 enable signal J4 J1 J2

+ C5 + C11

J5 J6
C17

C15 Q13 Q14 L1

J10 J11 J7

C7 +

J8
+ international C14

J9

patent WO 03/090343
C19

001aaf155

Enable signal: (HIGH = enable) (LOW = disable)

Fig 8. Enabling/disabling of the amplier

Electronic enabling/disabling can be used for:

Implementing pop-less and click-less start-up and shut-down Shutting down the amplier in case of a failure condition
(short-circuit/overcurrent/over-temperature) The transistor in the enabling/disabling circuit must be low current, 60 V type (such as BC846) and the resistor must limit the base current of the transistor to approximately 1 mA (in case of logic level driving, that would mean R = 4.7 k).

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

6.2 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection

+

PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 J4 J1 J2

+ C5 + C11

D5

R10

IC2 R12 D6

J5 J6
C17 R4 R3 C2 Q2 R11 IC3 C15 Q13 Q14 L1 R6 D4

J10 J11 J7
R5 R7 IC1 R9 D3 D2

P OR OTHER LOGIC to enabling/ disabling circuit

C7 +

J8
+ international C14

R1 Q1 R2 C1

D1 R8

J9

patent WO 03/090343
C19

001aaf156

Fig 9. Short-circuit and overcurrent protection

The Short-circuit and overcurrent protection circuit must be used together with the Electronic enabling/disabling circuit. The output pins of IC1 and IC2 produce a HIGH logic level pulse when overcurrent is detected in either the low side MOSFET (Q13 on the Demonstrator Board) and high side MOSFET (Q14 on the Demonstrator Board) respectively. The two signals are combined through the IC3 OR-gate. The resulting signal must be processed in the P or other logic block. One of the simplest solutions would be a latch circuit, which on a high pulse forces the output go low. This causes the Electronic enabling/disabling circuit to disable the amplier. Through manual intervention and/or after a certain while, the latch should be reset to a HIGH logic level, which in turn re-enables the amplier.
Table 3. R1, R4 R2, R3 R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 C1, C2 D1, D5 D2, D3, D4, D6 Q1 Q2 IC1, IC2 IC3 Components Value 270 4.7 k 10 k 4.7 nF Philips PDZ10B Philips PDZ5.1B Philips BC846 Philips BC856 Fast operational amplier; feed with +12 V and 12 V supplies Philips HEF4071; feed with 5 V

Component

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

6.3 Sonic performance versus Efciency trade-off

The dead-time that is allowed between Q13 and Q14 conduction determines the efciency of the Demonstrator Board for a great deal; a long dead-time leads to better efciency. On the other side, long dead-time also leads to worse sonic performance; it has important adverse consequences for e.g. THD. Short dead-time causes quiescent current to go up, thus reducing efciency and improving sonic performance. The higher quiescent current is the result of more cross-conduction of Q13 and Q14. So, most of the power that is lost in this way is dissipated in Q13 and Q14, which may heat-up excessively. This may cause thermally instable behavior of the MOSFETs. For that reason, the Demonstrator Board is shipped in low quiescent current mode during initial evaluation the risk of damaging the MOSFETs through thermal runaway is thus reduced. Nevertheless, by modifying one resistor value, the dead-time can be shortened and evaluation in enhanced sonic performance mode can take place. Changing R9 to a lower value decreases dead-time. It is left the responsibility of the experimenter to prevent thermal runaway, but assistance from Philips will be available through the local sales representatives. To reduce the risk of thermal runaway in the enhanced sonic performance mode, a thermal feedback loop can be implemented: the operating temperature of the MOSFETs can be fed-back to the dead-time control by changing the xed R9 value, mounting a PTC resistor on the heatsink of the MOSFETs and connecting the PTC in parallel with R9. Again, any changes are left the responsibility of the experimenter, but assistance from Philips will be available through the local sales representatives.

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

7. Legal information
7.1 Denitions
malfunction of a Philips Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. Philips Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of Philips Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customers own risk. Applications Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specied use without further testing or modication.

Draft The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modications or additions. Philips Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information.

7.2

Disclaimers

7.3

Patents

General Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Philips Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use Philips Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or

Notice is herewith given that the subject device uses one or more of the following patents and that each of these patents may have corresponding patents in other jurisdictions. WO 03/090343 owned by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (int. patent application)

7.4

Trademarks

Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Philips Semiconductors

UM10155
Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplier

8. Contents
1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Circuit diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Printed-circuit board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Specications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown . . . . 6 Overcurrent protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Important notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Wiring diagram and powering-up. . . . . . . . . . . 7 Adding external features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electronic enabling/disabling of the amplier . . 8 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection . . . . . . 9 Sonic performance versus Efciency trade-off 10 Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section Legal information.

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All rights reserved.

For more information, please visit: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. For sales office addresses, email to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com. Date of release: 5 September 2006 Document identifier: UM10155_2