Application of upfc A UPFC may be required whenever the problems of voltage and power oware prese nt.

A major advantage with multi-converter FACTS controller is theversatility and exibility aorded by more than one degree of freedom. With a U P F C o r I P F C , t h e r e a r e 3 d e g r e e s o f f r e e d o m w h i c h c a n b e u t i l i z e d t o regulate 3 quantities in the network - bus voltage and/or power and reactivepower ows in the line(s). Such exibility is of importance in the operationo f r e s t r u c t u r e d p o w e r s y s t e m s .