TRNG THPT PH BI T: HA HC

CNG N TP HC K 1 - HA 10CB NM HC: 2011 - 2012

A. L THUYT: I. Chng I: Thnh phn nguyn t. Ht nhn nguyn t. Cu to v nguyn t v cu hnh electron nguyn t. 1) Trong nguyn t gm c nhng ht c bn no? Nhng ht c in tch v khi lng l bao nhiu? 2) Cch vit k hiu ho hc ca 1 nguyn t. 3) Cch tnh s p, n, e da vo k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t v tnh gi tr A . 4) Th t mc nng lng ca cc phn lp electron c vit nh th no? 5)Vit cu hnh electron ca 20 nguyn t u tin trong bng tun hon. II. Chng II: Bng tun hon. S bin i tun hon cu hnh e v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc 1) Nhng nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t vo bng tun hon. 2) Chu k l g? Nhm nguyn t l g? c im ca chu k v nhm nguyn t (nhm A) 3) c im ca electron lp ngoi cng cho ta bit iu g? 4) S bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong 1 chu k v 1 nhm A 5)Tm ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t khi to hp cht vi Oxi v hiro. 6)Vit cng thc oxit v hiroxit tng ng. 7)So snh tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong cng 1 chu k v cng 1 nhm A 8)Tm v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon khi bit cu hnh e hay s th t nguyn t 9)T v tr suy ra cu to v tnh cht ca 1 nguyn t no ? III. Chng III: Lin kt ho hc. Ho tr v s oxi ho. 1) Th no l ion, ion dng , ion m? Vit phng trnh hnh thnh ion ca chng? 2) Lin kt CHT v LK ion l g? Tnh cht chung ca hp cht c lin kt CHT v hp cht c LK ion? 3) Vit cng thc electron ca nhng phn t c LK CHT? 4) Xc nh ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht ion v hp cht CHT? 5) Cc quy tc xc nh s oxi ho? IV. Chng IV: Phn ng oxi ho- kh 1) Cc khi nim: cht oxh, cht kh, qt oxh, qt kh l g? 2) Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxh kh bng phng php thng bng electron. B. BI TP: 24 35 Cu 1 Hy tnh s p, n, e ca cc nguyn t c k hiu ho hc sau y: 12 Mg ; 17 Cl ? Cu 2 Cation R2+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3p6, anion X- c cu hnh electron ging R2+. Vit cu hnh electron ca R v X ? 65 63 Cu 3 ng c hai ng v bn: 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi TB ca Cu l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v ? Cu 4 Cho bit tng s ht p, e, n trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 52, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 16 ht. a. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi ca X ? b. Vit cu hnh electron, t xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH ? c. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca Y ? Cu 5 Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 60. Bit X thuc nhm IIA. Xc nh s p, e, n c trong X. Vit cu hnh e ca X v xc nh v tr trong BTH ?

2 Cu 6 Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 3 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nh B s proton bng s ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B ? Cu 7 Cho 2 nguyn t P (Z=15) v S (Z=16). -Tm ho tr cao nht ca P vi O v H. Ho tr cao nht ca S vi O v H ? -Vit cng thc oxit v hiroxit tng ng ca 2 nguyn t trn ( nu c) ? -Tm v tr v cu to ca 2 nguyn t trn trong bng tun hon ? -Hai nguyn t trn th hin tnh cht g: KL, PK hay kh him ? Cu 8 Nguyn t A c cu hnh e l: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 -Cho bit v tr ca A trong bng tun hon ? -Cho bit cu to ca A v tm ho tr cao nht ca A vi H v O ( nu c) ? -Vit cng thc oxit v hiroxit tng ng ca A (nu c) ? Cu 9 Cho cc nguyn t a. P (Z =15), O (Z=8), Na ( Z= 11), N (Z=7). Sp xp theo chiu tng dn m in ? b. Si (Z =14), C (Z=6), Na ( Z= 11), K (Z=19). Sp xp gim dn bn knh nguyn t ? c. Sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh phi kim ca F, S, O, P ? Cu 10 Hp cht kh ca 1 nguyn t R vi H l RH4. Hp cht ca n vi oxi c 53,3%O v khi lng. Tm NTK ca R ? Cu 11 Vit phng trnh hnh thnh ion ca cc nguyn t: Na(z=11); Mg(z=12); S(z=16); Cl(z=17) ? Cu 12 Cho cc ion: 11 Na + ; 16 S2- .Vit cu hnh e ca cc ion v tnh s p, n, e ca cc ion ? Cu 13 Biu din s to thnh lin kt ion t cc nguyn t tng ng trong cc cht: NaCl, Al2O3, MgCl2, K2O ? Cu 14 Hy vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca cc phn t: H2O; H2S; CH4; NH3; N2; CO2; HCl; C2H4 ? Cu 15 Tnh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong cc ion v phn t sau y: NO2; NO3-; HNO3; H2SO4; KMnO4; HClO4; K2Cr2O7; KClO3; NH4+, SO42-; Fe2+ ? Cu 16 Cho cc phng trnh phn ng: a) Cu + HNO3(long) Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O t C b) NH3 + CuO Cu + N2 + H2O t C c) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O t C d) P + HNO3 (c) H3PO4 + NO2 + H2O lanh e) Mg + HNO3 (long) Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O t C f) SO2 + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + HBr
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g. KMnO4 + KI + H2SO4 MnSO4 + I2 + K2SO4 + H2O h. KMnO4 + H2S + H2SO4 K2MnO4 + MnSO4 + S + H2O i. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 k. Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O l. KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
- Hy xc nh cht oxi ho, cht kh ca cc phng trnh phn ng trn ? - Hy cn bng cc ptp trn bng phng php thng bng electron ? Cu 17 Ho tan 6,9 g mt kim loi thuc nhm IA bng dd HCl d. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc) v dung dch A. Xc nh tn kim loi ? Cu 18 Ho tan 5,6 g hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim lin tip nhau vo nc thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc) v dung dch A. a. Xc nh tn 2 kim loi ? b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho ht dung dch A ?