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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
1
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
Autor:
BESPLATNA - WEB-VARIJANTA
Potpunu garanciju na kompletnu zbirku daje: centar za dopisnu poduku M.I.M.-SRAGA dakle sve to vam se ini nejasno krivo ili sumnjivo - zovite 01-4578-431 ili 01-4579-130 i traite dodatne upute i objanjenja ... Dodatne upute i objanjenja moete zatraiti i na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr Ovo je jako skraena varijanta nae zbirke samo oglednih 40-ak zadataka . M.I.M.-SRAGA d.o.o. zadrava sva prava na reproduciranje , umnaanje , prodaju ove zbirke potpuno rijeenih zadataka iskljuivo u okviru svog programa poduke i dopisne poduke. Nikakva komercijalna upotreba ove zbirke nije dozvoljena bez pismene dozvole nakladnika !
2
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
Ovo nisu svi zadaci iz ove zbirke , Ovo je samo manji dio od oko 12% zadataka iz kompletne zbirke I ovdje su postavljeni samo kao ogledni primjerci . Ali vam mogu posluiti kao solidna vjeba pred testove ili ispitivanja u koli
201.
1. ( a 2 + b 2 ) a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2 1 = 2 = = 2 16) 4 4 2 2 2 a b ( a b )( a + b ) ( a 2 b2 ) ( a 2 + b2 ) a b2 a 4 b 4 = ( a 2 ) 2 ( b 2 ) 2 = ( a 2 b 2 )( a 2 + b 2 )
razlika kvadrata !
1. ( a 2 b 2 ) a 2 b2 a 2 b2 1 = 2 = = 2 17) 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a b ( a b )( a + b ) ( a b ) ( a + b ) a + b2
19)
x y
( y x)
x y
( x y)
x y = ( x y ) ( x y )
1 ( x y )
( x y ) ( x y )
1 x y
(a b)
20)
= (b a )
x x y x y y x 2 y xy 2 = = 2 2 3 3 x y 3 xy 3 x x y 2 3 x y 2 y1 = = = x x y x y y 3 x x y 2 3 x y 2 y1 3 x y 2 ( x y ) 1 3y x y ( x y ) = = =
1 x y ( x y ) 3 x y y ( x y )
ili krae :
1 x y ( x y ) x y ( x y ) 1 x 2 y xy 2 = = = 2 2 3 2 3 x y 3 xy 3 x y ( x y ) 3 x y y ( x y ) 3y
3
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
202.
1 ( a + b) a+b a+b 1 = 2 3) = = 3 3 2 2 2 2 a +b ( a + b ) ( a ab + b ) ( a + b ) ( a ab + b ) a ab + b 2
4)
x x x y x 2 xy = = 2 y xy y y x y = x ( x y ) y ( y x) = x ( y + x) y ( y x) = x ( 1) ( y x ) y ( y x) = x ( 1) ( y x ) y ( y x) = x ( 1) = x
6)
( x y)
x y
2
( x y )( x y ) ( x y )( x + y )
( x y) ( x y) = ( x y) ( x + y)
x y x+ y
9)
( x y )( x + y ) x2 y2 = = x 3 + y 3 ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 )
zbroj kubova
( x y) ( x + y) = ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 )
x y x xy + y 2
2
4
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
203.
x3 2 y 3 2 x3 y 3 x3 + y 3 x6 y 6 = = = 6.) 2 x y 2 ( x y )( x + y ) ( x y )( x + y )
( ) ( )
)(
( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) = = ( x y )( x + y )
=
( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) ( x y) ( x + y)
= x 2 + xy + y 2
( ( (
)( x )(
xy + y 2 =
) )
= x 2 + y 2 + xy x 2 + y 2 xy = = x2 + y 2 = x2
2
) ( xy )
2 2
( ) + 2 x
y2 + y2
( ) x
2
y2 =
= x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + y 4 x 2 y 2 = x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 1 x 2 y 2 + y 4 = x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4
8.)
( x y)
x2 x y 2 y = uputa :
( x y)
12
x2 y 2 x y
= =
2
( x y 1)( x y + 1) ( x y 1)( x y + 1) = = ( x y ) ( x + y ) 1 ( x + y ) ( x + y ) ( x y 1)
x y +1 x+ y
( x y 1) ( x y + 1) ( x + y ) ( x y 1) ( x y)
2
5
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
204.
1) x2 y x2 y x2 y y x2 y = = 2 = 2 = 2 2 2 2 x x y x 1 x y x (1 y ) x (1 y ) 1 y
5)
4 x 2 y 4 xy 2 4 x x y 4 x y y 4 x y ( x y ) 2 2 x y ( x y ) 2 = = = = =2 2 2 2 x x y 2 x y y 2 x y ( x y ) 1 2 x y 2 xy 2 x y ( x y) ili krae: 4 x 2 y 4 xy 2 4 x y ( x y ) 2 2 x y ( x y ) 2 = = = =2 2 2 2 x y ( x y ) 1 2 x y 2 xy 2 x y ( x y)
205.
a 4 b a 2 b3 a 2 a 2 b1 a 2 b1 b 2 = 1 4 1 = 7) a 5 b ab5 a a b a1 b1 b 4 = a 2 b1 ( a 2 b 2 ) a b ( a b
1 1 4 4
a b ( a b
2
a a b ( a 2 b2 )
2
)( a
+b
a a b ( a 2 b2 ) a b ( a 2 b2 ) ( a 2 + b2 )
a a + b2
2
a b ( a 2 b 2 )( a 2 + b 2 ) a a b ( a 2 b2 ) a b (a b
2 2
a a b ( a 2 b2 )
= =
) (a
+b
kratimo
a a + b2
2
6
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
206.
10)
( x 3) 3 (3 x )
2
= =
= =
( x 3)( x 3) 1 ( x 3) ( 1)( x 3) ( 3 x )
( x 3) ( x 3) ( 3 x )
1 3 x
11)
x3 + y 3
( x + y)
=?
12)
( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = = 3 1+ 2 ( x y) ( x y) ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) x 2 + xy + y 2 = = = 1 2 2 2 ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x y)
x3 y 3
7
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
208.
1
9)
x y x y x y = 2 2 = 2 = 4 4 2 2 x y ( x ) ( y ) ( x y 2 )( x2 + y 2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
(x
y2 )
(x
) (x
+y
1 x + y2
2
12)
1 x2 12 x 2 = 2 = x 2 2 x + 1 x 2 x + 12 =
(1 x )(1 + x ) (1 x )( x + 1) (1 x )( x + 1) (1 x ) ( x + 1) x + 1 = = = = 2 2 (1 x )(1 x ) (1 x ) (1 x ) 1 x ( x 1) (1 x )
2
pravilo kae :
( a b)
(b a )
15)
x2 x
(1 x )
x x 1 x
( x 1)
( x 1)( x 1)
x ( x 1)
x ( x 1)
( x 1) ( x 1)
x x 1
pravilo :
( a b)
= (b a )
8
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Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
209.
x 3 y + 2 x 2 y + xy x1 x 2 y + 2 x1 x1 y + x1 y 1 = = x3 y xy x1 x 2 y x1 y 1 = x1 y ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) x1 y ( x 2 1) = x y ( x 2 12 ) x y ( x + 1)
2
8)
( x + 1)( x + 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 1) = ( x 1)( x + 1) ( x 1) ( x + 1)
x +1 x 1
210.
1)
( x 3)
+ 12 x
x2 9
x 2 2 x 3 + 32 + 12 x = x 2 32 x 2 6 x + 12 x + 32 = = ( x 3)( x + 3) =
2 ( x + 3) ( x + 3) x + 3 ( x + 3) x 2 + 6 x + 32 = = = = ( x 3)( x + 3) ( x 3)( x + 3) ( x 3) ( x + 3) x 3
4)
( x + 2)
x2 + 4 x + 4 8x x2 + 4 x 8x + 4 = 2 = = x2 5x 6 x 3x 2 x 6 x x 3 x 2 x 2 3
2 ( x 2) ( x 2) x 2 ( x 2) x2 4 x + 4 = = = = x3 x ( x 3) 2 ( x 3) ( x 3)( x 2 ) ( x 3) ( x 2 )
8x
9
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
211.
9)
( x + y) z2 x 2 + y 2 z 2 + 2 xy x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 z 2 = = = x 2 + xz + xy y x z x ( x + z + y ) ( y + x + z ) x ( x + y + z ) 1 ( y + x + z )
2
( x + y z )( x + y + z ) ( x + y + z ) ( x 1)
( x + y z) ( x + y + z) ( x + y + z ) ( x 1)
x+ yz x 1
212.
1)
(x ) ( y ) x8 y 8 = 1 2 = 3 2 2 3 x + xy x y y x x + x y 2 y x 2 y1 y 2
4 2 4 2
x ( x2 + y 2 ) y ( x2 + y 2 )
(x
y 4 )( x 4 + y 4 )
( x 2 ) 2 ( y 2 ) 2 ( x 4 + y 4 ) = 2 2 ( x + y )( x y)
(x = (x =
y 2 )( x 2 + y 2 )( x 4 + y 4 )
(x
+ y2 ) ( x y )
(x
y 2 ) ( x2 + y 2 ) ( x4 + y 4 )
( x2 + y2 ) ( x y )
y 2 )( x 4 + y 4 )
( x y)
( x y ) ( x + y ) ( x4 + y4 ) = ( x y)
= ( x + y ) ( x4 + y4 )
10
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
213.
U ovom zadatku se ponovo susreemo sa KVADRATNIM TRINOMOM u zadatku br. 66. smo dali detaljnu uputu kako se kvadratni trinom rastavlja na faktore ....
1)
x2 4 x 2 22 = 2 = x 2 x 2 x 2 x + 1x 2 ( x 2 )( x + 2 ) ( x 2 )( x + 2 ) = = = x ( x 2 ) + 1 ( x 2 ) ( x 2 )( x + 1)
uputa kako rastaviti kvadratni trinom iz brojnika:
( x 2) ( x + 2) = ( x 2 ) ( x + 1)
x+2 x +1
a =1 m + n = 1 m + n = 1 m+n = b x2 x 2 = b = 1 m = 2, n = 1 m n = a c m n = 1 ( 2 ) mn = 2 c = 2
m = 2
2
n =1
x x 2 = x 2 2 x + 1x 2 = = x ( x 2 ) 1( x 2 ) = = x ( x 2 ) 1( x 2 ) = = ( x 2 )( x 1)
( 2 x ) 2 2 x 1 + 12 ( 2 x 1) 4 x 2 4 x + 1 22 x 2 2 2 x 1 + 12 2) = = = = 2 2 2 x x 2 2 x 1 x + 2 2 x ( x 2 ) 1 ( x 2 ) 2 x 5x + 2 2 x 4 x 1x + 2
2 2
( 2 x 1)( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1) = ( x 2 )( 2 x 1) ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 1)
2x 1 x2
a=2 m + n = b m + n = 5 m + n = 5 2 x 5x + 2 = b = 5 m = 4, n = 1 m n = a c m n = 2 2 mn = 4 c=2
2
m = 4
2
n = 1
2 x 5 x + 2 = 2 x 2 4 x 1x + 2 = = 2 x ( x 2 ) 1( x 2 ) = = 2 x ( x 2 ) 1( x 2 ) = = ( x 2 )( 2 x 1)
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Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
214.
4)
x 2 x1 x 2 y + x1 y 2 x1 x 2 x3 x 2 y + xy 2 x3 = 2 1 = x 3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 x x + x 2 y + x y 2 + y 2 y1 = x2 ( x y ) + x ( y 2 x2 ) x2 ( x + y ) + y2 ( x + y ) = x x ( x y ) x ( x y )( y + x )
x x ( x y ) + x ( y x )( y + x )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y 2 )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y 2 )
x ( x y ) x ( y + x )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y2 )
= x ( x y )( y )
x ( x y )( x y x )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y2 )
xy ( x y )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y2 )
= + xy ( y x )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y 2 ) ( x + y ) ( x2 + y 2 )
xy ( y x )
xy ( 1) ( x + y )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y 2 )
( x + y ) ( x2 + y2 )
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
215.
1)
x a x (1 + a ) 1 + a a x + a x +1 a x 1 + a x a1 a (1 + a ) = x = x = x = a x a x +1 a 1 a x a1 a (1 a ) a (1 a ) 1 a
x a x + a x +1 a x 1 + a x a1 a (1 + a ) 1 + a = = = 2) a x a x +1 a x 1 a x a1 a x (1 a ) 1 a
a x + 2 a x a x a 2 1 a x = x 1 = 3) a x +1 + a x a a + 1 a x a x ( a 1) ( a + 1) a x ( a 1)( a + 1) a 1 = x = = = = a 1 x a ( a + 1) a ( a + 1) 1 a x ( a + 1) a x ( a 4 1) a x+4 a x a x a 4 a x 1 4) = = = a x +3 a x + 2 + a x +1 a x a x a 3 a x a 2 + a x a1 a x 1 a x ( a 3 a 2 + a 1) a x ( a 4 1) a x ( a 2 1)
a x ( a 3 a 2 + a 1)
( a 2 ) 2 12 a4 1 = 3 = = a a 2 + a 1 a 2 a1 a 2 1 + 1 ( a 1)
= a 2 ( a 1) + 1 ( a 1)
(a
1)( a 2 + 1)
2 ( a 1)( a + 1) ( a 2 + 1) ( a 1) ( a + 1) ( a + 1) = = ( a 1) ( a 2 + 1) ( a 1) ( a 2 + 1)
a +1 = a +1 1
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Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
221.
x ( x 1) + y (1 y ) x 2 x + y y 2 x 1 1 y x 1 1 y + 2 = + = = = 4) x y y xx y xx y y xy 2 x y x2 y 2 = x 2 y 2 x + y ( x y )( x + y ) 1 ( x y ) ( x y )( x + y 1) = = x2 y 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
5 2 4 3x 2 4 3x 2 4 3x + 2 = + 2 = + = x 3 x + 3 x 9 x 3 x + 3 x 9 x 3 x + 3 ( x 3)( x + 3) = = 2 ( x + 3) 4 ( x 3) + 3 x
7)
( x 3)( x + 3)
2 x + 6 4 x + 12 + 3x = ( x 3)( x + 3)
2 x 4 x + 3x + 6 + 12 x + 18 = 2 x 2 32 x 9
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ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
222.
5 x 2 y 4 z 4 18a 5 b 4 c 5 x x y 2 y 2 z 4 6 3 a 3 a 2 b 4 c = = 6a 3b 4 c5 25 xy 2 z 4 6 a 3 b 4 c1 c 4 5 5 x y2 z4 = = 5 x x y2 y2 z4 6 a 3 b 4 c1 c 4 xy 2 3 a 2 3 xy 2 a 2 = 5c 4 c4 5 6 3 a3 a 2 b4 c 5 5 x y2 z4 =
2)
5)
( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) x3 + y 3 x3 y 3 = = x y x 2 xy + y 2 x 2 xy + y 2 ( x y) ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = = ( x + y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) 2 2 ( x y) ( x xy + y )
15
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
225.
( x + 2) ( x y) x 2 + 2 2 x + 22 x 2 2 xy + y 2 x2 + 4 x + 4 x2 4 : 2 = = = 2 2 2 2 2 x y x 2 xy + y x 2 ( x y )( x + y ) ( x y )( x + y ) ( x 2 )( x + 2 )
2 2
4)
( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x + 2 )( x y ) = ( x y ) ( x + y ) ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + y )( x 2 )
5)
( x 1) y 2 2 ( x + 1) y 2
2
x 2 x xy ( x 1 y )( x 1 + y ) x 2 + x xy : 2 = = x + x xy ( x + 1 y )( x + 1 + y ) x 2 x xy
( x 1 y )( x 1 + y ) x ( x + 1 y ) = ( x + 1 y )( x + 1 + y ) x ( x 1 y ) ( x 1 y) ( x 1+ y) ( x +1 y) = = ( x +1 y) ( x +1+ y) ( x 1 y)
= = x 1+ y x + y 1 = x +1+ y x + y +1
x y x+ + 8) x+ y x+
y x3 + xy 2 ( x y )( x y ) + ( x + y )( x + y ) x3 xy 2 = 3 = : y x 3 xy 2 x + xy 2 ( x + y) ( x y) =
( x y)
+ ( x + y)
x2 y2
x ( x2 + y2 )
x ( x2 y 2 )
2 2 x 2 2 xy + y 2 + x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ( x y ) = 2 = x2 y2 ( x + y2 ) 2 2 2 2 2 x2 + 2 y 2 x2 y 2 2 ( x + y ) ( x y ) = 2 2 = =2 x y2 x + y2 x2 y 2 ) x2 + y 2 ) ( (
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Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI
PRIRUNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UENJE Autor: Mladen Sraga izdava: M.I.M.-Sraga
kompletnu zbirku moete kupiti preko: www.mim-sraga.com ili narudbom na 01-4578-431 ili na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
Puna cijena kompletne zbirke ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI za PRVI razred srednje kole je 120 kn trenutno sa popustom od 50% prodaje se za 60kn
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Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga
Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
Cijena kompletne zbirke ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI za PRVI razred srednje kole je 120 kn sa popustom = 60kn Sve dodatne informacije i narudbe na: 01-4578-431 ili 098-237-534 ili na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr iz nae ponude izdvajamo:
Sve dodatne informacije o ovim zbirkama zatraite na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr ili na nae telefone 01-4578-431 , 4579-130
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Rjeenja
ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI
19
Skup realnih brojeva ALGEBARSKI RAZLOMCI autor: Mladen Sraga