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Purchased by the
Mrs. Robert Lenox Kennedy Church History Fund
COMPENDIOUS HISTORY
OF THE
BRITISH CHURCHES
IN
ENGLAND,
SCOTLAND, IRELAND, AND AMERICA.
WITH AN
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH
OF THE
TO WHICH IS ADDED,
BY JOHN BROWN,
LATE PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY UNDER THF ASSOCIATE SYNOD,
AND MINISTER OF THE GOSPEL, HADDINGTON.
Walk about Zion, — tell the towers thereof, mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her
palaces;that ye may tell it to the generation following." Psalm xlviii. 12, 15.
VOL. IL
EDINBURGH:
rraxTED for thomas Hamilton, London^ and
E. MONTEITH Sf CO. EDINBURGH.
1820.
.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER n.
Protestant Reformation pushed on by Knox— Promoted by the No-
bilityand others, opposed by the Queen Regent— Established by
the Parliament, A. D. 560— Confession of Faith—
1
First Book of
Discipline — Reformation carried on by the Ministers and others
in opposition to Queen Mary— and under the Earl of Murray
further established—Morton attempts to introduce Prelatic
Church Government, but is opposed by Knox, who soon after
died— and others —
Second Book of Discipline is formed 15
CHAPTER nr.
King James VI. introduces the National
Covenant; and Presby-
teries formed— He once and
again labours to establish Prelacy
and his own Erastian Supremacy—
National Covenant renew-
—
Jv CONTENTS.
Page
cd — Prcibjflcrian Church Government established— Assembly
'^•^
Covenant with God, and earnestly promote Reformation
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
—
By bold and piudi-nt Remonstrances by solemnly renewing their
—
Covenant with (lod by warlike Defence of themselves against
Charles I. and Montrose, his Lieutenant —
by entering into a Co-
venant with, and assisting the English —
by opposing Hamilton's
—
Knpapcmcnt by adopting new Standards or Doctrine, Wor-
ship, Discipline, and Government, and by many excellent Acts
of Assembly and Parliament, the Covenanters carry their He-
formation to great Perfection, between 1637 and IGol I'^D
CMAPTEii VI.
CHAPTER Vn.
Kini; William btu»- enthroned. Prelacy it abolished, and Presby-
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
CONTAINING
AN ACCOUNT
OF THE
TOGETHER WITH
A HISTORY OF THE
COMPENDIOUS HISTORY
OF THE
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
CHAPTER I.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. O
and monks^
(urdinals, ai'chb'ishops, bislufps^ priests,
locusts come from hell to delude men from God, and
that the}/ woidd return to hell- Lifting his hand
freely from the hell, he held it up to the multitude
that they nii^^ht see that no ehan^e had been made
upon it and that, according to its owner, he had
;
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 13
CHURCH OF SCOTLA.ND. 15
CHAPTER 11.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND 32
CHl/RCH OF SCOTLAND. 25
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 29
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 37
CHAPTER III.
that thr laws, which had been made for the main-
tenance of the true religion, and for punishment of
its open enemies, were not executed —
and insisted
;
CHAPTER IV.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 87
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. QJ
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 97
CHAPTER V.
that since it was none but the low mob that rais-
ed the late tumult in Edinburgh, the council shall
intercede with his Majesty for the return of the
courts of judicature to that city; —
that Messrs.
Ramsay and Rollock shall be reponed to their
charges ;
—
and that the bishops be prohibited to
urge the use of the service Injok, till his Majesty's
pleasure be further known. They were the more
zealous on this last point, because Wedderburn,
bishop of Brechin, had prohibited the town coun-
cil of that place, to send any commissioners to
/
CHURCH OK SCOTLAND, 145
be of no force.
To deceive the covenantini; conimissif)ners, and
make most them return honje, Hamilton pre-
of
tended London but returned next
to set off for ;
—
might be prohibited. INIean while, the deputies
agreed upon lks of choosing commissioners to
ui
the Assembly to be transmitted to the several Pres-
byteries, viz. I'hat the number of commissioners
should be regulated by the act of the Assembly at
Dundee in l';97; that their commission should
empower them to act according to the word of
(jn«l. and the
confession of faith in every thing
judged tliat every kirk session should have an
;
7
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 16'3
5
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 177
vourablc lig'lit ;
— and commended Hamilton and
'IVaiinair services which they had done
iur the
this church; and recommended to ministers and
elders their respective duties in the present cir-
cumstances. Soon after the risini,^ of this Assem-
bly, a solemn thanksgiving^ was observed through
the kingdom, the causes of which were drawn up
by the Presbytery of Kdin!)urgh.
A\ hen the rarliament met, August .'31st, it was
proposed to have the following articles enacted
into standing laws. That the Parliament con-
sist only of Lords, Barons, and Burgesses and
;
variety of acts —
for approviiifj^ the conduct of
(^ien'Tal Bailie and the Lords Monti^oinery and
Sinclair, at the battle of Kilsyth, and for levying
new taxes and forces for suppressing the mali^^-
nants; —
for the relief of such as had Ijcen plun-
dered by Montrose and Ids party, and fur punish-
\l^^ <»f the principal prisoners that had been ta-
ken at Philiphauqh. They prohibited all hold-
in"^ of lairs on Mondays or Saturdays, and all
printing" of books relative to religion, without
a licence from the Assembly or Commission, or of
others without a licence from his Majesty's secre-
tary ; —
and all lykewakes under pain of L.20
Scots for each fault and appointed Presbyteries
:
«• my royal assent
to the acts of Parliament en-
" joining thesafne in the restof my dominions; and
** that 1 shall observe them in my own practice
**and family, and shall never make opposition to
" any of these, or endeavour any change thereof.**
—
trust —
to engage the covenanters to withstand
Cromwel, who was fast approaching, published
a most solemn declaration at Dunfermline, Au-
gust 16, blessing God for recovering him from the
snare of his malignant counsellors; confessing and
bewailing his own and his father's hearkening to
evil counsels, and opposition to the work of refor-
mation, and to the solemn league and covenant,
as well as the idolatry of his mother, and tolera-
tion of it in their family; and his own encourage-
ment and countenancing of the Irish Papists ;
2
A COMPENDIOUS HISTORY, kc, 283
CHAPTER VI.
— public Resolu-
Bf/thc rash Admission ofK. CJiarlcsII. btj
v///.y, and
cnf^afi'cment to duties. In consequence
ol* tillsanswer, tin* act of classes was repealed,
and nndtitudes of niali^nants and profane per-
sons, upon a mock profession of repentance, were
aflinitted menil)cr?> of Parliament and Committee
of Instates, and into i)laces ol power and trust,
and soon had the whole management of the na-
tion in their hands. Thus multitudes thcji, and
ever .shici\ have been admitted to he the minlsiers
of God for good to the nation, in a way of tramp-
Jin2^ on the law of God, and plain violation of our
solemn covenants with him. No wonder, there-
fore, that so many of them prove a curse to us
instead of a blessini^. Nor is it any wonder, that
the synod of Glasf^ow, and especially the forces
of the five south-western shires, presented such
remonstrances to the Commission and Committee
of Instates at Perth, against the rash admission
of Charles to his crown, without any proof of his
sincerity, and ai^ainst all junction with his favou-
rite malii^nants, the last of which Charles and liis
(Committee of Instates voted to he trecusonahle
J)ut, about fifteen members, who disliked the pa-
per itself, dissented.
As the Commission, to maintain their own
ground, had enacted, that none who opposed theii
resolutions should be achiiitted mcndjers of their
ensuinp^ Assembly, and had wrote circular letters
(')Presbyteries for that elfect, and to cite the
more active opposers as pannels to the bai, their
own party punctually obeyed them. In Presby-
teries where they had a majority, none but friends
of the resolutions were chosen for their Commis-
i»ioners; and where they were the minority, they
cither protested a;;ainot the choice, or withdrew
ami elected one by themselves. When the As-
;
—
on the 2d of August 16G0. Finding that the re-
solutioners would neither join with their protest-
ing brethren to form a supplication to his Majes-
ty, nor form one Ijy themselves, Mr. James Guth-
ry, and nine other ministers, and two elders,
met in a private bouse in Edinburgh, to form a
draught of a supplication to be laid before a larger
meeting of their brethren, particularly the synod
of (rlasgow. In this draught, they represented
to his Majesty, how hateful the procedure of the
late usurpers had been to them, in offering vio-
lence to the Parliament of England, in murder-
ing his royal father, and in secluding himself
from his government, and in their impious en-
croachments upon the kingdom of Jesus Christ,
&c.— how thankfully they acknowledged the
Lord's signal preservation of his Majesty's per-
son, and in restoring him to his throne ; how —
they did, and resolved to pour forth their fervent
sup[)lications to God for him and hoped, that
;
—
by the hane^man; and by a proclamation against
rciiiimslrants and their ddhcroits; —
and hy tlie con-
finement or "nnprisonment of some i^entlemen or
ministers, that tfiey mii^ht have no infhience uj)-
on the eh'ctions (or the ensiiinn^ Parliament, or
citint^;-
made
them to it as criminals
hein^ wiiolly comj)hiisant.
for its
— prepaiations was
Great
rare was taken that none should be elected coin-
iiiissioners, hut such as should in all thinirs he
subservient to the will of the court. For this
reason, it seems none else could be found fit in the
biMi^h of" Lanark, but their jyiper. And care was
takin to have the elections of those that were
otherwise disj)osed set aside. The most part of
the members were absolutely infamous, who wal-
lowed in profaneness, whoredom, and drunken-
ness. Only Loudon, Cassilis, Sutherland, Craw-
ford, Horthwick, Torphichen, and a few other
old convenanters, who often dissented from the
deeds of the rest, retained their wonted sobriety.
And indeed, drunkenness, whoredom, cursing,
and blasphemy, were now reckoned badges of
loyalty and piety, or even common gravity, a
;
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. SI 1
&c. and that all that did not observe the anni-
versary of the 29th of May, should be fined, or
otherwise punished.
Dreadful were the severities carried on against
the non-conformists. While the indulged minis-
ters were disliked by many of the people, for
their want of due faithfulness, they were not a
little harassed by the council for their lecturing,
— baptizing of children not belonging to their pa-
rishes, —giving some testimony against the apos-
tacy of the times, and for not observing of the
anniversary thanksgiving on the 29th of May, or
the like. The refusers of the indulgence, and
all that preached at, or attended field meetings,
were still more cruelly persecuted, by fines, im-
prisonment, or banishment. Many were the ex-
orbitant fines imposed upon gentlemen, and others,
in the shires of Dumbarton, Lanark, Ayr, Gallo-
way, Dumfries, and Renfrew, for mere non-con-
formity to Prelacy, and non-attendance on the
ministrations of ignorant and |)rofligate curates.
These of eleven gentlemen in the shire of Ken-
.332 A COMPENDIOUS HISTORY OF THE
^ .*-f
36ii A COMPENDIOUS HISTORY OF THE
CHAPTER VII.
venants, —
and ^avc ofTence, hardening those that
complied with Prelacy, and weakening the hands
and condemning; the sufferings of such as opposed
—
it, and amounting to a preferring of them to
the faithful ministers of the true church of Scot-
land, as the case was circumstantiated. 2. The
horrid violations of our solemn covenants with
God and substituting in their rooms, such oathsy
;
inat;istrati judges,
s, and officers of justice, give
all due a distance in rendering the sentences of
churrl: juilicatories effectual. By their 27th act,
169.5, tiie Pr.rliament again required all ndnisters,
Preobyterian and Kpi^copalian, who had not ta-
ken the above-mentioned engagements to the go-
vernm( nt, to qualify themselves without delay,
under pain ol deprivation from both (ffice and be-
nejfic. The Parliament of 1693, appointing a
monthly fast on account of the war with France,
and other groimds, had been less disliked by ma-
ny, had n(it one publicly declared end of that war
been to cause Lewis XIV". of France make ?T/5rt-
rafion to the holy See of Rovie for whatsoever he
had acted against it, and make void all the in-
famous proceedings of the Parliament of Paris
against the holy father Pope Innocent XI.
The bulk of the Presbyterian ministers did
what they could to comply with his Majesty's
pleasure, 'i hey pretended, that the oath of al-
legiance and the assurance were imposed on them
as subjects, atid not as a condition of, or quali-
fication for their holding or exercising their of-
fice. Hut the words of the act inijiosing them,
and especially the exclusion of Mr. James Hogg
from sitting in the Assembly 1695, by the King's
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 391
of God ; —
that men may be perfect in this life, or
purified from sin in the next ; —
that natural gene-
ration takes place in heaven ; —
that there are now
no true Christians in this world, (S^c. The curates
having so terribly neglected the administration
of the Lord's Supper, that in all the bishopric of
Argyle, it was dispensed but twelve times in
twenty-eight years, the Presbyterian ministers
had no small difi[iculty to render it as frequent as
they wished. This Assembly recommended the
more frequent administration of it, and that the
number of ministers assisting at it should be
lessened. They revived the acts of 1615 and
1G49, against Lykwakes, abuses at penny- wed-
dings, and promiscuous dancings. They trans-
mitted to Presbyteries some overtures concern-
ing scandalous i)ersons turning Papists, in order
to escape discipline, —
Protestants marrying Pa-
pists,— intimations of excommunication through
the whole Presbytery, or in case of obstinacy,
through every kirk in the nation, or irregular—
absolution from censure by curates or others ;
and concerning the strict trial of candidates for
the ministry, —
and the calling of Presbyteries to
account for their diligence in the restraining of
profaneness.
—
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 40
1
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 411
—
(ill that repent; that that repentance, which is in
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 427
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
SECESSION.
SECESSION
cles of Christ.
Nothing so much distinguished our ancestors,
as their public covenanting with God. Divinely
assured, that, in the days of Moses, Joshun, Asa,
Joash, Josiah, and Nehemiah, the Hebrews had,
with his approbation, thus dedicated themselves
and their seed to the Lord: Convinced that pub-
lic covenanting is no where, in the sacred page,
• See Rapin, vol. ii. fol. 303. Hume's Hist, on ann. 1638, p. vi. 257.
Neal's Hist. Puritans, vol. ii. p. m, 2,5{> iJGO 2(il. Dickson, Henderson,
and Cant's Answers to, and Kcplies of. Doctors of Aberdeen, p 4", 40, 44- 77.
97. Spang's Historia Motiiuni, p (iO. Brown's ApoIogeticalJlclation, p. 48.
—
Hind let Loose, p. 77. 514 520. Livin<iston"s Life, p. 'J2. JJishop
Ciuthrie'sMeiwoirs, p. 35. Stevenson's Hist, vol. ii. p 291 —
297,311, 445.
Willison's Testim. p. 7. Wilson's Defence, p. 210 —243. Cniickshank's
Hist. vol. i. p. 'S\^.
-f For proof of
the perpetual obligation of these covenants, see Timor-
ais's ( ovcnanters' Plea, Croft's Fastening of Peter's fetters, Hind let I a>osc,
p. —
514 520. Urown's Apologctiral Kelation, p. 327 to 4-li. See also
Brown's Letter on the perpetual oblii^ation of the Scotch Covenants, Walker's
Sermons, both hitely published.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SECESSION. 15
* Adnion. p. 5. Ass. 1703. act 7. IG. Ass, 17U7. act 11, Ass.
171 1, act 10.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SECESSION'. 19
I
RISE AND TROriRKSS OF THE SECESSION. 25
« Act* i. l.>— 2(;. t Acts vi. 1—6. :;: Chap. xiv. ?3. Gn
§ 1 John iv. I.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SECESSION. 43
vealed unto babes ; and that n >f many vnse men af-
ter the fie sh, not manif noble are called In vain
you told thetn, that a ^ivat part of the con^rre-
gation were the patron's tenants or servants;
their l^ihle infornu'd them, that in Christ there is
neither male nor jhnaU\ bond nor free ; but Christ
is all and in alt. In vain yon told them, the rich
pai'.imost, or all of the stij)end they kncnv the ;
• A late author proposes the hurt done to tlie wealth of the nation, by
the Secession, in the payment of stijHjruls to so many secetling ministers, as
a jwwerful reason for endeavouring to crush the Secession : but let him
know, that if seceders act in character, they can easily save as much time
and expense, from the service of Satan, in the articles of pride, dnmken-
ness, iVc. as will fully answer what is required for their peculiar circum-
stance* in religious uti'airs; and, it is belie veil, that author meets with as fen
kcccders either bankiupts or beggars, as he docs o( his own party.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SECESSION. 51
—
en them in their sin; in much the same man-
ner as one would encourap^e and harden people
in whoredom, should he, while his own house is
at hand, wittingly take his lodging and victuals
in a public stew, suppose he should never so much
as touch one of the harlots within. In this light,
how contrary are such marriages to 1 Thess. v.
22. Abstain from all appearance of evil: Eph. v.
1 1. Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works o/'
appointed by the supreme civil magistrate, and the tlircc last voted against it.
This meeting was held at Dunfermline, January H, 17 tl. Many of tho
members went home the lirst week, as is evident from the number of absents.
Mescri. William Wilson was at Perdi ; Mr. I anus Fibber was at Kinclca-
.
ven ; Mr. James Muir was at I^inton, and ]Mr. Snnlon was at Kilniaurs;
and the whole ciders were absent, except Mr. .lames Wardlaw The meet- —
ing was^J'O re naUiy and tiicrcfore tlic apiwintmcnt of tlie firu>t illegal.
GO AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
• The orif^inal mimifcs, wliich arc a far better autliority tlian 3Ir. Gib,
affirm, that Mr. Henry Krskii.c was chosen to assist Mr. Ilulton as cicik,
at the first sederunt of tliat luecluiij i>f synod.
3
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SECESSION. 75
DRAWN FROM
ii. 1. 2 John 4. 3 John 3, 4. Jude 3. Rev. ii. 13, 25. and iii.
3, 10. ^ Pet. i. 12.
Thankfully to commemorate, and dutifully improve,
2.
the singular favours which God hath bestowed upon their
church or nation particularly, those by which he hath put
;
the same substance and dignity with his eternal Father, Rom.
ix. 5. Tit.i). 13. John x. ^0. Phil. ii. 6.
2. That God, from all eternity, decreed whatsoever comes
to pass. Acts XV. 18. Eph. i. 11.
3. That God, of his mere good pleasure, without any re-
gard to their future piety, as the moving cause, from all eter-
nity elected a certain, but the smallest, number of mankind,
to everlasting life. Eph. i. 3 —
6. Matth, xx. \6. Luke xii. 32.
4. That God entered into a covenant with Adam, as the re-
presentative of all his natural posterity; in which he promised
him and them life temporal, spiritual, and eternal, upon con-
dition of his perfect obedience; and denounced the contrary
death, in case of the smallest disobedience, Gal. iii. 12. Matth.
xix. 17. Gal. iv. 24. Hos. vi. 7.
5. That through his breach of that covenant, in his eating of
the forbidden fiuit, all men arc conceivetl and born in sin,
able to do nothing spiritually good, but are children of disobe-
dience and wrath, Rom. v. 12 —
20. and viii. 3, 7, 8. Eph. ii.
1, 2, 3, 8.
6. That no light of nature, but the scripture alone, is suf-
ficient to conduct fallen men to trueand everlasting happiness.
Acts xiv. 1.0, l6. and xvii. 30. Prov. xxix. 18. Eph. ii. 12.
2 John 9. Col. i. 26, 27, 1 Cor. i. 20—24.
7. That in order to redeem men from an everlasting stale
of sin and mi.sery, and bring them to everlasting salvation,
Christ, the only begotten Son of God, assumed our nature,
and for ever continues to be true God and true man, in two
distinct natures, and one person, Ilcb. ii. 8 It). Rom. viii. 3.—
Psal. ii. G —
11. Isa. vii. 14. and ix. ti. Rom. ix. 5. and i. 3, 4»
RISE AND PHOGRESS OF THE SECESSION. 85
12, 13. and xlv. 22. John 28. Rev. xxii. 17.
vi. 37- Matth. xi.
own free will and bounty, Job xxii. 2, 3. and xxxv. 7. Luke
xvii. 10.
19. That not
self-love, interest, or pleasure, but the law of
God the sole standard by which the goodness of actions, re-
is
impostor, Jer. xxxii. SO, 40. Job xvii. 9. Prov. iv. 18. 1 Pel.
i. 5. John iv. 14. and vi. 40. 54. and x. 28, 29. and xiv. I9.
21. That Jesus Christ alone is the King and head of
his church, having power to appoint her laws, ordinances, and
offices; and to whom only her officers are subject in all their
spiritual ministrations, Psal. ii. 7. Isa. ix. 6, 7- Ezck. xxiv.
23. Matth. xvi. 18, 19- and xxiii. 8— 10. and xxviii. 18—20.
Heb. xiii. 17. 1 Pet. v. 2—4.
22. That Christ, in the New Testament, hath prescribed a
particular form of church-government, distinct from, and inde-
pendent on the civil magistracy ; which is the Presbyterian,
—
and no other to continue unalterable, till the end of the world,
John xviii. 36. Mattli. xvi. 18, I9. and xviii. 15 20. and xx. —
— —
25 27. and xxvi. 26 29. and xxviii. 18, 19. iO. John xx.
21, 22, 23. Acts i —
xx. Rom. xii. 4 8. 1 Cor. iii —
xiv. 2 Cor. —
ii. 1 —
8. Epistles to Timothy and Titus almost throughout,
&c. 6cc.
23. That Christ hath not entrusted the power of church-go-
vernment to magistrates, lordly bishops, or to believers in ge-
neral but to spiritual
; officers, pastors, elders, and deacons,
appointed by himself — who have full power and warrant from
him to hold spiritual courts in his name — Sessions, Presbyte-
ries, and Synods, when necessary but whose whole manage- —
ment must be regulated by his laws prescribed in his word,
1 Cor. xii. 28. Eph. iv. 11 —
14. 1 Thess. v. 12. 1 Tim. v. 17.
— —
Acts vi. 1 9. Matth. xviii. 15 20. and xvi. 19. 1 Tim. iv.
14. Acts XV. Heb. xiii. 17- 1 Cor. iv. 1, 2. &c. &c.
24. That Christ's kingdom being of a spiritual nature, her
officers ought to be elected to their office by persons in full com-
munion with her in all her sealing ordinances; no person's
vote being preferred on any secular account, 1 John iv. 1. Acts
i. 15 —26. and vi. 1 —
6. and xiv. 23.
The Seceders also profess, thankfully to commemorate, and
dutifully improve the singular favours of God, which he hath
bestowed upon this church and land, and by which he hath
put or kept us in possession of his oracles, ordinances, or
other
spiritual blessings such as, ;
«nd Edinburgh.
f.'t
90 AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
8. The
obliging of the subjects, by manifold oaths and de-
clarations, to approve the various impieties of that persecute
ing period.
9- King Charles II. 's indulgences of Presbyterian ministers
to exercise their office, which flowed from his blasphemous
claim to ecclesiastical supremacy, and were clogged with seve-
ral sinful restrictions and Kins James VII. 's unlimited tole-
:
• Sec these trutlis, jnercics, and steps of apostacy, more fully represent-
ed in the re-cxliibition of the Scicdcrs' testimonies", particularly tl)c second
testimony; and in that most excellent act concerning tlie doctrine of grwc,
&c and several church-hiatorici.
S2 AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT, &C.
BRIEF EXPLANATION
Prelate. A
Bishop ; so styled, because he is preferred
in honour and power above his brethren in the office of the
ministry.
Papist. A Roman Catholic ; so styled, because he ac*
knowledges the authority of the Pope.
Pelagian. One who follows the opinions of Pclagins, a
heretic of the fifth century, who, among other things, denied
original sin, and the necessity of the Spirit's operation in the
soul in order to conversion.
Protestant. One who professes the reformed religion ;
3
96 A BRIEF KXLANATION, (5cC.
FINIS.