BI TIU LUN MN THY SN ti: Truy xut ngun gc thy sn: 1.

. nh ngha v cc khi nim v Truy xut ngun gc thy sn 1.1. Truy xut ngun gc sn phm thu sn - Hiu n gin, h thng truy xut ngun gc (TXNG) thc phm l h thng gip tm hiu nhanh chng v chnh xc ng i v trng thi ca sn phm ti mt thi im no trong sut qu trnh t khi n c to ra n lc tiu dng. - TXNG khng phi khi nim mi, cng khng phi (nh i khi c ngi nhm) l yu cu ca ring ngi tiu dng kh tnh, m ngay c chng ta khi mua hng cng mun c thng tin y v tin cy v hng ho t u ti, c c sn xut ng cch khng, ... l i hi chnh ng ca mi ngi nhng khng phi bao gi cng c tho mn. Yu cu xy dng cc h thng TXNG chnh l xo i s thiu thng tin . 1.2. L do v li ch xy dng h thng TXNG thc phm Vic truy tm thng tin sn phm c th din ra theo c 2 chiu vi mc ch khc nhau. Ngi tiu dng mun bit c qu trnh hnh thnh sn phm m h tiu th, nh l loi c, tm g, nui hay khai thc t nhin, sn xut c thn thin mi trng khng, v.v...; cn nh sn xut hoc qun l li mun xc nh im n ca sn phm nhm nghin cu sc tiu th, hoc ra lnh thu hi khi pht hin c sai li, chng hn e do gy ra ng c. * Mi quan tm n h thng TXNG sn phm thu sn tp trung vo cc yu tchnh: a) Tnh an ton ca thc phm thu sn khi s dng; b) Qun l v kh nng triu hi cc sn phm khi c s c v cht lng, VSATTP; c) Trch nhim i vi mi trng, ngun li t nhin, tnh nhn o vi sinh vt; d) Trch nhim ca ngi sn xut i vi x hi v ngi lao ng. 1.4. H thng TXNG thc phm H thng TXNG phi bo m: a) theo di c sn phm qua chui phn phi, b) cung cp thng tin v cc thnh phn ca sn phm c) trao i v nh hng ca qu trnh sn xut v phn phi sn phm ln cht lng v tnh an ton ca chng. Do , h thng TXNG thc cht l h thng duy tr thng tin hai chiu theo mt knh th trng nh trc. Chng hn, vi h thng TXNG c tra, yu t ct li l thng tin v xut x ca sn phm (nh a im tri nui, mi trng nui, con ging,...); thng tin v tc ng (nh k thut nui, thu hoch, vn chuyn, ch bin, bo qun...) v thng tin tiu th (nh nh phn phi, khch hng,...). Kt ni thng tin t khu u tin n khu cui cng s to thnh h thng TXNG sn phm hon chnh. Nhng thng tin c x l v lu tr khc nhau tu theo yu cu v trnh cng ngh. 2. Gii thiu v truy xut ngun gc theo GS1 2.1. Khi nim: H thng GS1 l mt b cng c to thun li cho giao dch kinh doanh v thng mi in t. N cung cp mt phng php tiu chun phn nh, theo di v

truy tim ngun gc sn phm, dch v v a im. Mc ch ca n l ci tin qun l chui cung ng v kinh doanh, gim chi ph v gia tng gi tr cho c sn phm v dch v. c thnh lp vo nm 1977, GS1 quc t v cc t chc cng tc ca n M v Canada, Hi ng m thng nht (UCC) hin nay c trn 900.000 cng ty thnh vin trn 120 quc gia 2.2..Chc nng ca GIS 1 + H thng GS1 cung cp cho ngi s dng cc m s r rng phn nh (identification) hng ho , dch v, ti sn v a im trn ton cu. Nhng m s ny c th c th hin bng m vch to iu kin cho vic c n bng thit b in t trong qu trnh kinh doanh. H thng ny c thit k khc phc cc hn ch ca h thng m ho ca cc cng ty, t chc hoc ngnh s dng c th, lm cho thng mi hiu qu hn v p ng ngi tiu dng tt hn. + Cng vi vic cung cp cc m s phn nh n nht, h thng ny cn cung cp cc thng tin ph thm nh : thi hn s dng, s seri, s a im, s l (batch) c th hin di dng m vch. Nhng s phn nh ny cng c dng trong thng mi in t. Hin ti, m vch ang c dng lm vt mang d liu, nhng trong tng lai nhng cng ngh khc, v d nh th nhn dng bng tn s radio cng s c s dng. 2.3. Cc khi nim c bn truy xut ngun gc theo GS1 2.3.1. M vch GS1-128: mt b con ca m 128, l loi m vch anpha-numeric (ch ci v ch s), tin cy, c ng, y nht hin nay. M vch GS1-128 s dng mt k t khng mang d liu c bit gi l chc nng 1 (FNC 1) theo sau k t bt u trong m vch. Theo tiu chun quc t ISO/IEC 15417 vic s dng FNC 1 ngay sau k t bt u trong m 128 c dnh ring cho GS1. V d v m vch GS1-128 m ho AI 01 (GTIN) v AI 10 (S l) 2.3.2. n vi thng phm va n vi hu cn Trong h thng GS1 + Thng phm c phn nh bng m s thng phm ton cu (GTIN) n v thng phm l bt k mt mt hng no (sn phm hoc dch v) m ngi ta cn tm li thng tin c nh trc, c th l gi c, n hng hoc ho n ti bt k mt im no trong chui cung ng. iu bao gm c mt hng c th cng nh l ton b hnh dng khc nhau ca chng. - Quy tc thng thng nh s GS1 l nh cung cp sn phm quyt nh m s thng phm ton cu (GTIN). Tuy nhin khi mt sn phm c ng gi c bit cho mt khch hng v c khch hng ny t trc th c th cho php khch hng ny quyt nh GTIN. - M s GS1 l n nht, khng c ngha, a ngnh, quc t v an ton. GTIN c p dng phn nh mt cch n nht cc mt hng thng phm trn ton cu. N gm ti 14 ch s v th hin bi 4 phng n khc nhau: GTIN-14, GTIN-13, GTIN-12, GTIN-8. Cu trc m s thng phm ton cu Cu trc d liu Dng GTIN T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14

GTIN-14 GTIN-13 GTIN-12 GTIN-8

N1 0 0 0

N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 0 0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 0 0 0 0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N10 N11 N12 N13 N9 N5 N10 N11 N12 N6 N7 N8

* T th hin vi tr ca tng ch s di dng tp/file my tnh. N th hin v tr ca tng ch s trong cu trc d liu, 0 th hin ch s lp ch trng. Tuy nhin Vit Nam la thng dng l ma GTIN 13 gm 13 ch s. Khi oc ma s nay chung ta oc t trai sang phai theo th t sau: - Ba ch s u tin 893 th hin M quc gia GS1 do T chc GS1 qun tr v cp cho Vit Nam; - Bn, nm, sau hoc by ch s tip theo th hin S phn nh doanh nghip do GS1 Vit Nam qun tr v cp cho t chc s dng ma s GS1; - Nm hoc bn hoc ba hoc hai ch s tip theo th hin S phn nh vt phm do t chc s dng m s GS1 qun tr v cp cho cc vt phm ca mnh V d: Th (01) l m phn nh: n v thng phm, 761: ch xut x t Switzerland + Mt hng hu cn: c phn nh bng m s cngtenn vn chuyn theo seri (SSCC) M s cng ten n vn chuyn theo seri (SSCC) cung cp s phn nh r rng (khng mp m) cc n v hu cn. Tt c cc i tc trong chui cung ng bao gi c th s dng chng nh l mt s tham chiu ti cc thng tin c lin quan cha trong cc tp/file my tnh. SSCC l mt s c 18 ch s, c chiu di c nh, khng c ngha, trong khng cha yu t phn loi. Cu trc m s SSCC Cu trc m s SSCC S m rng M doanh nghip GS1 S tham S kim tra chiu seri ------------------------------------> <--------------------------------N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N18 N15 N17 S m rng do ngi dng cp theo nhng yu cu ni b. M s cng ty do T chc m s m vch quc gia (thnh vin GS1 quc t ) cp cho nhng c mong mun phn nh n nht cc mt hng, a im, ti sn hoc dch v c lin quan. S tham chiu n v hu cn do ngi s dng cp v c cu trc theo nhu cu ca ni b. S kim tra c tnh theo thut ton ca GS1.

M vch GS1-128 v s phn nh ng dng GS1 c lin quan c dng th hin m SSCC v bt k d liu ph no cn thit di dng cho my c. S phn nh ng dng 00 thng ng trc m SSCC

2.3.2. M s a im ton cu - Cc a im c phn nh bng m s a im ton cu (GLN). l mt m s phn nh bt k mt i tng vt th, php l hoc chc nng no trong mt t chc hoc mt n v kinh doanh no. Mi a im c gn vi mt m s n nht. Cu trc m s GTIN-13 c dng phn nh cc a im. - Truy tim ngun gc bao gm (nhng khng gii hn trong) xng sn xut, ch ng gi, cc nh vn ti, bn bun, bn l. - Vic phn nh a im cng cn thit to thun li cho vic giao nhn c hiu qu hng ho v thng tin gia cc i tc thng qua cc gi tin in t phn nh cc i tc c lin quan (v d ngi mua, ngi cung cp, a im giao hng, ia im xut pht). - M s a im ton cu GLN cua GS1 l khi nim c bn trong qun l chui cung ng. Cu trc m s GTIN-13 c s dng phn nh a im. Cu trc m s GLN M doanh nghip GS1 S tham chiu a im S kim -----------------------------------------> <----------------------tra N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 Ch : n v thng phm v n v hu cn cn phi c m GLN ca ni m chng c ng gi. Mt m s GLN c cp cho mi a im thc t ca mi ni ng gi. a im thc ca ni ng gi c th c xc nh bng mt t hp ca m s thng phm ton cu (GTIN) vi s l tng ng trn n v thng phm hoc m s cng ten n vn chuyn theo seri (SSCC) trn n v hu cn M s GLN Cc nc thnh vin ca GS1 000 019 GS1 United States 030 039 GS1 United States 060 139 GS1 United States 300 379 GS1 France 380 GS1 Bulgaria

383 385 400 440 450 459 &490 499 460 469 690 695 885 GS1 893 GS1 899 900 919

GS1 Slovenia GS1 Croatia GS1 Germany GS1 Japan GS1 Russia GS1 China Thailand Vietnam GS1 Indonesia GS1 Austria

2.3.3. n v thuc tnh Thng tin thuc tnh l bt k mt thng tin no yu cu phn nh trn n v thng phm hoc n v hu cn, chng hn nh : s sri, s l, hn s dng. Trong h thng GS1 nhng thng tin ny c th hin bng s phn nh ng dng GS1 (AI- Application Identifier). Thng tin thuc tnh c th hin bng m vch GS1-128 S phn nh ng dng (AI) l mt tip u t dng xc nh ngha v dng ca thng tin tip theo trong mt trng d liu. S phn nh ng dng c dng phn nh sn phm v n v hu cn, d liu truy tim ngun gc, ngy thng, s lng, s o, a im, v rt nhiu loi thng tin khc. Vic s dng cc s AI cu h thng GS1 phi tun theo cc quy tc ca GS1. GS1 quc t c ch nh l t chc chu trch nhim duy tr cc AI ny. Cc AI trong chui cung ng thu sn AI Tn y Tn d liu nh dng AI n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 nh dng trng d liu n18 n14 n14 an..20 n6 n6 n6 n..8

00 01 02 10 11 13 15 30

M s phn nh n v hu cn M s thng phm ton cu M s thng phm ton cu S batch/l Ngy sn xut ca thng phm Ngy bao gi thng phm Thi hn s dng

SSCC GTIN GTIN BATCH/LOT PROD DATE PACK DATE

BEST BEFORE n2 hoc SELL BY n2

S m thng phm cha trong mt VAR. COUNT thng phm c s o lng thay i.

310(n) 330(n) 37 410 412 414 7030 n 7039

Khi lng tnh Khi lng c b S m thng phm cha trong mt n v hu cn Giao hng ti M s a im ton cu M s a im ton cu ca nh cung cp M s a im ton cu a im vt l M s c ph duyt ca nh ch bin vi m ISO

NET WEIGHT (kg) GROSS WEIGHT (kg) COUNT GLN GLN GLN PROCESSOR #s

n4 n4 n2 N3 n3 n3 n4

n6 n6 n..8 N13 n13 N13 n3 + an..37

2.3.4. M vch GS1 - M vch l vt mang d liu. Trong h thng GS1 m vch c dng th hin m s GS1. Ni mt cch n gin, m vch l mt dy cc vch v khong trng song song vi nhau. Cc vch v khong trng c chiu rng xc nh c s dng th hin d liu thc. D liu ny c th l m s ca mt hng hoc l cc thng tin thuc tnh lin quan n mt hng ny. My c m vch (my qut) s chuyn ng ct ngang m vch, ng thi chiu rng ca cc vch v khong trng s c cc thit b phn tch v d liu gc s c ti hin. N cho php d liu thi gian thc c th c thu nhn mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. - M vch GS1 cho php thu nhn d liu t ng, chnh l gii php c tnh cht mu cht trong mt chui cung ng c hiu qu. H thng m s m vch GS1 cho php nhp d liu nhanh chng, chnh xc v ng lc vo h thng comput, t ng ho lu chuyn thng tin trong qu trnh kinh doanh. N cng to thun li cho nhp d liu v truyn gi thng tin ng thi gim chi ph. 2.3.4.2. D liu thuc tnh ca n v hu cn v thng phm - Mt m s thng phm ton cu (GTIN) c th c s dng n c trn n v thng phm. Ti nhng ch m thng tin ph c yu cu phi s dng m vch ECC/UAN-128 th s phn nh ng dng GS1 (AI) tng ng s phi i km vi m GTIN. V d:

3. Cc m hnh chui cung ng thu sn Chui phn phi thng thng. - Thu sn nui trng: cung cp thc n - trng - p trng - nui trng - ch bin - phn phi bn l - ngi tiu dng.

- Thu sn nh bt : tu thuyn - phn loi - bn - ch bin - phn phi bn l ngi tiu dng.

3.1. Thy sn nh bt: Thng tin trao i trn nhn thu sn i vi thu sn nh bt Tu thuyn Bn/ngi thu Ch bin/bn s Bn l mua

Hp thu sn M vch GS1-128

Hp thu sn M vch GS1-128

Hp thu sn M vch GS1-128

Nhn tiu dng M vch GS1-13 GTIN = Cha kho vo c s d liu hng ho khi qut ti im bn

Thng tin truy nguyn cn c GS1-128 : GS1-128 : GS1-128 : AI 01 GTIN AI 01 GTIN AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 10 S l AI 10 S l AI310X Khi lg AI310X Khi lg AI 310X Khi lg tnh*** tnh*** tnh*** Tu chn Tu chn AI 11 Thi gian AI 11 Thi gian bt bt AI 414 S hiu AI 414 S hiu tu thuyn tu thuyn AI 412 GLN** Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Vng nh bt Tu chn AI 412 GLN*** AI 11 Thi gian bt AI 13 Th.gian bao gi AI 15 Hn dng. Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Vng nh bt

Ngi c Tn thng mi Ph.php sn xut Vng nh bt

Vng nh bt Ph.php sn xut Bo qun C thu sn V.v... V du: .

Ph.php sn xut Bo qun C thu sn V.v...

Ph.php sn xut Bo qun C thu sn V.v...

S l Hn s dng Khi lg tnh Bo qun V.v...

Tn tu thuyn : HH 608(DKDK) GLN 5790000123456 Loi CODOD (95712345111119 S batchch 1234abcbc Khi lng tnh 25,60 kg Khu vc/Phg php nh bt: Bc i ty dg/cu Trng thi: Gii ng lnh Ngy nh bt : 14 - 01 - 01

3.2. Thu sn nui trng M hnh cung cp thu sn nui trng c th chia thnh hai phn: u chui v cui chui. Th trng u chui: thc n, trng, p trng, nui ln Th trng cui chui: git m, ch bin & bn s v bn l Hn na trong m hnh ny c yu cu vn chuyn gia tt c cc bc. Bng sau y s cho thy tng bc trong chui cung ng thu sn nui trng. Th trng u chui Thng tin trao i trn nhn thu sn i vi th trng u chui cho thu sn nui trng Thc n Tri s.x trng m trng Nui trng

Ti & kin M vch GS1: GS1-128

Hp M vch GS1: GS1-128

Thuyn/ thng ln M vch GS1 : GS1-128

Thuyn/thng ln M vch GS1 : GS1-128

Thng tin truy tim ngun gc cn c

GS1-128 AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 3100 Khi lng tnh* Tu chn AI 11 Ngy sn xut AI 412 Id ca ngi cung cp. A 414 Id ca xng SX Id = s phn nh Ngi c Loi thc n S l Thnh phn thc n GMO ......

GS1-128 AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 30 S lng AI 3150 Lt* Tu chn AI 412 Id ca ngi cung cp. AI 414 Id ca trang tri

GS1-128 AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S batch AI 30 s lng Tu chn AI 412 Id ca ngi cung cp. AI 414 Id p trng

GS1-128 AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 3100 Khi lg tnh* Tu chn AI 412 Id ca ngi cung cp. AI 414 Id ca trang tri

Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phg php sn xut Khu vc sn xut .....

Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phg php sn xut Khu vc sn xut .....

Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phg php sn xut Khu vc sn xut .....

Ch : - Loi thc n thu sn l mt phn ca m t sn phm c nh cung cp quy nh. Nh cung cp cp GTIN cho mi sn phm. - Nh cung cp quyt nh v cp s l. Cn phi gi mi lin kt vi cc s l c v d nh nguyn vt liu trong c s d liu h tr cho truy tim ngun gc. - S phi hp gia m s GTIN v s l m bo mt cha kho tham chiu duy nht ton cu cho s l c th. Nu tnh n nht khng th nhn c t GTIN + s l hoc t s SSCC, th m s GLN ca nh cung cp v ca xng sn xut phi c m vch ho. - Khi lng c tnh theo kilogam v ch phi m vch ho i vi nhng hng ho c khi lng thay i. - Ngy sn xut c th c thay bng hn s dng (AI 15). V d nhn cho ti ln ng thc n cho c c 2 m vch GS1-128 vi cc thng tin sau: AI 01 (GTIN), AI 15 (s dng tt nht trc ngy), AI 10 (s l), AI 00 (SSCC) v AI 92 (ni b) (Xem Ph lc)

3.2.5. Th trng cui chui Thng tin trao i trn nhn thu sn cho th trng cui chui i vi thu sn nui trng Git m Ch bin/bn s Bn l

Hp thu sn M vch GS1 : GS1-128

Hp thu sn M vch GS1 : GS1-128 Nhn tiu dng M vch GS1 : EAN-13

Thng tin truy tim ngun gc cn c GS1-128: AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 3100 Khi lng tnh* Tu chn AI 11 Ngy git m AI 412 d nh cung cp AI 414 d nh git m Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phng php sn xut Khu vc sn xut Bo qun .... GS1-128: AI 01 GTIN AI 10 S l AI 3100 Khi lng tnh* Tu chn AI 11 Ngy git m AI 13 Ngy ng gi AI 15 Hn s dng AI 412 d nh cung cp Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phng php sn xut Khu vc sn xut Bo qun .... GTIN = cha kho truy cp c s d liu khi qut ti im bn.

Ngi c Tn khoa hc Tn thng mi Phng php sn xut Khu vc sn xut S l Hn s dng Khi lng tnh Bo qun ....

3.2.6. Nh git m Sau khi git m, thu sn c chuyn qua ch bin ng gi vo hp v c vn chuyn bng my bay hoc xe la. Sn phm cng c th c ng gi sn sng bn l. Gii php ghi nhn thu sn trn hp, kin v gi bn l theo quy nh ca tiu chun GS1 cng c nhiu nh cung cp thu sn nui p dng. Cn ch rng nh ch bin cng c th l mt i tc trong chui cung ng. Di y l nhng thng tin bt buc v tu chn c trao i gia nh git m v ch bin. D liu bt buc GS1-128 Ch thch

GTIN S l,do Cty cp ni b Loi (tn thng mi v tn khoa hc) Phng php sn xut Khu vc sn xut S lng (khi lg tnh) theo kilogam

AI 01 AI 10

AI 310X

HR HR HR HR HR HR

D liu tu chn GS1-128 Ch thch Ngy git m AI 11 HR GLN ca nh cung cp AI 412 HR GLN ca nh git m AI 414 HR Bo qun HR X l HR Cp cht lng HR C thu sn HR HR = ngi c * Theo quy nh k thut chung cua GS1 i vi n v thng phm c s o lng khc nhau, khi lng khc nhau phi c th hin ng thi.

V d v nhn cha m vch GS1-128 do nh git m lp 3.2.7. Ch bin D liu cho trong bng di y c th c m ho bng m vch GS1-128 D liu bt buc GS1-128 Ch thch GTIN AI 01 HR S l,do Cty cp ni b AI 10 HR Loi (tn thng mi v tn khoa hc) HR Phng php sn xut HR Khu vc sn xut HR * S lng (khi lg tnh) AI 310X HR D liu tu chn GS1-128 Ch thch

Ngy git m Ngy ng gi Thi hn s dng GLN ca nh cung cp Bo qun X l Cp cht lng C thu sn HR = ngi c

AI 11 AI 13 AI 15 AI 412

HR HR HR HR HR HR HR HR

V d v nhn kin cho nh ch bin thu sn cha hai m vch GS1-128 vi cc thng tin sau y : AI 01 (GTIN ca mt hng thng phm ng bn trong), AI 20 (dng ni b), AI 15 (hn s dng), AI 37 (s m mt hng thng phm) AI 00 (SSCC) v AI 10 (s batch/l)