MC LC LI CM N i TM TT KHA LUN ii DANH MC CC BNG vii DANH MC CC HNH viii DANH MC CC K HIU V CC T VIT TT ix Chng 1: M U 1 1.1 T VN 1 1.

.2 TNH CP THIT CA TI 1 1.3 MC TIU V NI DUNG TI 2 1.3.1 Mc tiu 2 1.3.2 Ni dung 2 1.4 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 2 1.5 NGHA CA TI 3 Chng 2: TNG QUAN 4 2.1. TNG QUAN V CNG TY CPCN MASAN 4 2.1.1. Gii thiu v cng ty 4 2.1.3. Vn nc thi 9 2.2 TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP X L NC THI SN XUT NC MM. 10 2.2.1 X l nc thi bng bin php c hc 10 2.2.2. X l nc thi bng phng php ha hc 11 2.2.3. X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc 12 2.2.3.1 B phn ng sinh hc Aerotank 12 2.2.3.2 B lc sinh hc 12 2.2.3.3 X l nc thi bng phng php k kh vi sinh trng l lng 13 2.2.3.4 X l nc thi bng phng php k kh vi sinh trng gn kt 14 2.2.4 X l bn 14 2.2.5 Cng ngh lc mng. 14 2.2.5. 1 Phn lai cc lai mng lc: 15 2.2.5.2 Vt liu mng 16 2.2.5.3 Hnh dng mng (Membrane module): c 4 kiu chnh: 16 2.2.6. Cng ngh MBR 17 Chng 3: NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 19 3.1 M HNH B BN HOT TNH TNH 19 3.1.1 Phng php nghin cu 19 3.1.2 Mc ch nghin cu 19 Thit k HTXL nc thi cng ty CPCN Masan ti s dng cho sn xut. Cng sut 300 m3/ngy.m SVTH: Nguyn Hng Thm v 3.1.3 L thuyt cng ngh b bn hot tnh 19 3.1.4 M hnh b bn hot tnh tnh 21 3.1.5 Vn hnh m hnh 21 3.1.6 Kt qu th nghim v nhn xt 21 3.1.6.1 Tun 1 22 3.1.6.2 Tun 2 22 3.1.6.3 Tun 3 23 Chng 4: XUT CNG NGH X L TNH TON THIT K CHI TIT H THNG X L NC THI 25 4.1 C S LA CHN CNG NGH X L 25 4.1.1 Tiu chun x l 25 4.1.2 Tnh cht nc thi 26 4.1.3 Tnh ton lu lng 28 4.1.4 Mc cn thit x l ca nc thi 29 4.1.5 Mt s yu cu khc ca cng ty CPCN Masan 29

4.1.6 Ngun tip nhn nc thi sau x l 29 4.2 PHNG N X L 30 4.3 TNH TAN CC CNG TRNH N V 33 4.3.1 B iu ha 33 4.3.2 B lng I 33 4.3.3 B UASB 34 4.3.4 B trung ha 34 4.3.5 H thng MBR 34 4.3.6 Bn lc p lc 35 4.3.7 B kh trng kt hp b trung gian 36 4.3.8 H thng lc Nano 36 4.3.9 B cha nc 36 4.4.TNH TON KINH T H THNG X L NC THI 37 4.4.1 Chi ph u t 37 4.4.2 Chi ph vn hnh 37 4.4.3 Gi thnh x l 1 m3 nc thi 38 4.4.4 Li ch thu c khi ti s dng 38 Chng 5: KT LUN KIN NGH 39 5.1 KT LUN 39 5.2 KIN NGH 39 TI LIU THAM KHO 40 PH LC 42 Ph lc I: BNG BIU 43 Ph lc 2: TNH TON CHI TIT CC CNG TRNH N V 45 Thit k HTXL nc thi cng ty CPCN Masan ti s dng cho sn xut. Cng sut 300 m3/ngy.m SVTH: Nguyn Hng Thm vi Ph lc 3: HNH NH 79 Ph lc 4: BN V THIT K 80phn tch lp 2 ln, kq ln 1: 579,270 ln 2: 592,480 kt qu trung bnh: 585,9 tng t 0210132 ln 1: 42,958; ln 2: 40,297; kq trung bnh: 41,6 0224151 ln 1: 19,134; ln 2: 21,066; kq trung bnh: 20,1 1.iu ch thuc th NESSLER Ha tan 10g KI trong 10mL nc, va thm tng t mt va khuy dungdch bo ha HgCl2 cho ti khi xut hin ta bn. Thm 30g KOH chotan ta ht, sau thm 1mL dung dch bo ha HgCl2. Pha long va 200mL bng nc.*Thuc th Nessler l kali mercuri iodua K2HgI4 trong dung dch kim.C kh nng phn ng vi 1 lng rt nh amoni to thnh phc hpdng keo mu nu c cng thc NH2Hg2I3 v Hg2ONH2I vi phng trnh phn ng : NH4+ + 2K2(HgI4) + 4KOH = NH2Hg2OI + 7KI + 3H2O (vng nu). vvy n dng pht hin cc ion amoni.ci ny hnh nh ch pha ch trong phng th nghim. v n nhy cm viamoni nn khng ai pha ch sn >> mt cng bo qun.

PAC PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) l loi phn nhm tn ti dng cao phn t (polyme). Cng thc phn t [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m. Hin nay, PAC c sn xut lng ln v s dng rng ri cc nc tin tin thay th cho phn nhm sunfat trong x l nc sinh hot v nc thi. PAC c nhiu u im so vi phn nhm sunphat i vi qu trnh keo t lng. Nh hiu qu

lng trong cao hn 4-5 ln, thi gian keo t nhanh, t lm bin ng PH ca nc, khng cn hoc dng rt t cht h tr, khng cn cc thit b v thao tc phc tp, khng b c khi dng thiu hoc tha phn. PAC c kh nng loi b cc cht hu c ha tan v khng ha tan cng kim loi nng tt hn phn sunfat. iu ny c bit c ngha trong vic to ra ngun nc cht lng cao, k c x l nc c trong ma l lt thnh nc sinh hot. Do vy, cc nc pht trin u s dng PAC trong cc nh my cp nc sinh hot. C PAC rn v PAC dng lng. Dng rn l bt mu trng ng nh vng, tan hon ton trong nc. Ngi s dng ch cn pha PAC bt thnh dung dch 10% hoc 20% bng nc trong, cho lng dung dch tng ng vi cht keo t vo nc cn x l, khuy u v lng trong. iu kin bo qun thng thng (bao kn, ni kh ro, nhit phng) c th lu gi lu di. PAC dng lng c mu nu vng, c th ng trong chai hoc can nha bo qun lu di. Liu lng PAC s dng cho 1m3 nc sng, ao, h l 1- 4g PAC i vi nc c thp (50400 mg/l), l 5-6 g PAC i vi nc c trung bnh (500- 700 mg/l) v l 7- 10g PAC i vi nc c cao (800-1.200 mg/l). Liu lng s dng chnh xc c xc nh bng th nghim trc tip i vi nc cn x l. Sau khi lng trong, nu dng ung cn un si hoc cho nc kh trng theo liu lng hng dn. PAC c th dng x l nc thi cha cn l lng nh nc thi cng nghip ngnh gm s, gch, giy, nhum, nh my ch bin thy sn, x nghip git m gia sc, PAC dng x l 1 m3 nc thi trong khong 15-30 gram, ty thuc vo hm lng cn l lng v tnh cht ca mi loi nc thi. Liu lng chnh xc cn xc nh thng qua th trc tip vi i tng cn x l. 2) u im ca PAC n nh PH cao, D iu chnh pH khi x l v vy tch kim c ha cht dng tng kim v cc tit b i km nh bm nh lng v thng ha cht so vi s dng phn nhm. im th tch bn khi s l ng trong ca nc, k o di chu ky l c, tng cht lng nc sau l c Liu lng s dng thp, bng cn to, d lng. t n mn thit b. PAC hot ng tt nht khong PH 6.5-8.5 .Do PH ny cc ion kim li nng u b kt ta v chm xung y hoc bm vo cc ht keo to thnh. 3)Nhc im

Do n c hiu qu rt mnh liu lng thp ln vic cho qu PAC s lm ht keo tan ra. 4)H ng dn s dng khi dng PAC Pha ch thnh dung dch 5%-10% chm vo nc ngun cn x l Liu lng x l nc mt : 1-10g/m3 PAC ty theo c ca nc th. Liu lng x l nc thi (nh my giy , dt, nhum, hm lng cht l lng v tnh cht ca nc thi. Hm lng PAC chu n c xc nh thc t i vi mi loi nc cn x l. 5) hnh phn Ha h c PAC Sn ph m c bit hnh phn - Al2O3 % - kim% - tr ng (200C)/ (g/cm3) - p cht khng tan trong nc/% - pH( dung dch nc 1%) - N/% - As/% - Pb/% - Cd/% - Hg/% h lng 15 40~90 1,375 0.1 3.5~5.0 0.01 0.0001 0.0005 0.0001 0.00001 h rn 28.0 - 30 40~90 0,70 1.0 3.5~5.0 0.01 0.0002 0.001 0.0002 0.00001 )t 20-200g/m3 PAC ty theo

- Cr6+/% 0.0005 0.0005 Ch : - t l khi lng ca cc tp cht nh Amonniac-N, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr6+ u tnh theo Al2O3 10.0%. Mu ca PAC bt

PAC-P c tc dng tch cc tp cht l lng gy ra c ca nc , lm trong nc. Tr lng cho cc bng hydroxit. Khng c, t lm gim pH ca nc, thch hp cho x l nc cp. Dng trc b lng t 1 tch nhng tp cht l lng, hp ph mu, v than, khi mun than khi hp ph kh thi. X l nc tun hon trong cc khu sn xut. C hiu qu cao trong x l ngun nc nhim du, m khi dng phng php tuyn ni (D.A.F).

1.Cng dng ca PAC-P trong x l nc cp v nc thi: a) X l nc cp: -PAC-P c tc dng tch cc tp cht l lng gy ra c ca nc , lm trong nc. - r lng cho cc bng hydroxit. - Khng c, t lm gim pH ca nc, thch hp cho x l nc cp. b) X l nc thi: -Dng trc b lng t 1 tch nhng tp cht l lng, hp ph mu, v than, khi mun than khi hp ph kh thi - X l nc tun hon trong cc khu sn xut. - C hiu qu cao trong x l ngun nc nhi m du, m khi dng phng php tuyn ni (D.A.F). 2. So snh PAC-P v phn (alum): PAC-P PHN NHM Cao phn t n phn t Liu lng 15 20 ppm Liu lng 20 30 ppm Khong cch thch hp pH Khong pH 4.8 5.7 = 5.5 9.5 hi gian lu 15 pht hi gian lu 20 30 pht t b ni vng b t o vng b t nhiu hn Kh nng hp th mu cao Kh nng hp th mu k m hnh phn oxit nhm 30 hnh phn oxit nhm 31% khong 15% nh axit yu, t lm gim nh axit mnh, lm gim pH pH 3. Kt lun: So vi nhng cht keo t khc nh phn nhm, st th PAC-P c nhng u im sau: - C kh nng tuyn ni cao. - Dng tt cho nc cp. - C kh nng hp th mu nn t hiu qu cac trong x l nc c mu cao nh: dt nhum, giy - Hm lng s dng t nn lng cn thi ra t hn. - C thnh phn oxit nhm cao (30 31%). - C tnh axit yu nn trnh lm n mn thit b v t lm gim pH ca nc. - L dng cao phn t nn kh nng to bng cao hn v lng polymer s dng s t hn. X L N C Keo t v cc ha cht dng keo t

rong nc sng, sui, h ,ao,

thng cha cc ht cn c ngun gc thnh phn v kch thc rt khc

nhau. i vi cc loi cn ny dng bin php x l c h c trong cng ngh x l nc nh lng l c c th loi b c cc cn c kch thc ln hn 10-4mm. Cn cc ht c kch thc nh hn 10-4mm khng th t lng c m lun tn ti trng thi l lng. Mun loi b cc ht cn l lng, phi dng bin php x l c h c

kt hp vi cc bin php ha h c, tc l cho vo nc cn x l cc cht phn ng, to ra cc ht keo c kh nng dnh kt li vi nhau v dnh kt cc ht cn l lng c trong nc, to thnh cc bng cn ln hn c tr ng lng ng k. Do cc bng cn mi to thnh d dng lng xung b lng v b gi li trong b l c. A - C ch ca qu trnh keo t - to bng : i vi h phn tn c din tch b mt ring ln (bi trong khng kh, bn, ph sa trong nc...) cc ht lun c xu hng co cm li to ht ln hn gim nng lng b mt (tng t hin tng gi t nc, gi t thy ngn lun t vo trn gim din tch b mt). V nguyn tc do phn tn ln, din tch b mt ring ln, ht keo c xu th ht nhau nh cc lc b mt. Mt khc, do cc ht keo cng loi nn cc ht keo lun tch in cng du (c trng bi th zeta) nn cc ht keo t lun y nhau bi lc y tnh in gia cc ht cng du theo nh lut Culong, xu hng ny lm ht keo khng th ht nhau to ht ln hn v lng cng xung nh tr ng lc nh nhng ht khng tch in. Nh vy, th cng ln (ht keo cng tch in) th h keo cngbn (kh kt ta). rng hp l tng: nu th in phng (zeta 0 ), th ht keo bin thnh cu to t in phng, ht s khng khc g cc ht khng tch in

nn d dng ht nhau to ht ln hn c th lng c. y l c s khoa h c ca phng php keo t. Hin tng cc ht keo cng loi c th ht nhau to thnh nhng tp hp ht c kch thc v khi lng ln c th lng xung do tr ng lc trong thi gian ngn c g i l hin tng keo t. Hin tng xy ra khi th c trit tiu. Hin tng keo t c tnh thun ny xy ra khi th nghch ngha l ht keo keo t li c th tch in tr li v tr nn bn. Cc ho cht gy keo t thng l cc loi mui v c v c g i l cht keo t. Mt cch khc lm cc ht keo co cm thnh bng cn ln d lng l dng cc tc nhn thch hp khuchng li thnh cc ht ln hn ln, nng lng. Hin tng ny c g i l hin tng to bng c thc hin nh nhng phn t cc cht cao phn t tan trong nc v c i lc tt vi cc ht keo hoc cc ht cn nh. Khc vi keo t c tnh thun nghch, cc cht c kh nng to bng c g i l cc cht to bng hay tr keo t, qu trnh to bng l bt thun nghch. Nh vy, kt ta h keo c th s dng cc cch sau y: 1. Ph tnh bn ca h keo (do lc y tnh in) bng cch thu hp lp in kp ti mc th zeta = 0, khi lc y tnh in ht ht bng khng, to iu kin cho cc ht keo ht nhau bng cc lc b mt to ht ln hn d kt ta. Cch ny c th thc hin khi cho ht keo hp ph in tch tri du trung ho in tch ht keo. in tch tri du ny thng l cc ion kim loi a ho tr. 2. To iu kin cho cc ht keo va chm vi cc bng kt ta ca chnh cht keo t nh hin tng bm dnh (hiu ng qut). 3. Dng nhng cht cao phn t tr keo t hp ph khu cc ht nh li vi nhau to ht kch thc ln (gi l bng hay bng cn) d lng. Trong cng ngh x l nc, cc ha cht thng dng gii quyt tt nht nhng gii php trn l: phn nhm, phn st v PAC. B Cc ha cht keo t:

I. Phn nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3.18H2O y l cht keo t ph bin nht, c bit l Vit Nam. Sn ph m nhm sunfat k thut c cc ch tiu v mc cht lng theo quy nh ti bng di y:

Tn ch tiu 1. Ngoi quan

Mc cht lng Dng bt, mu hi trng ng hoc hi vng.

2. Hm lng nhm oxyt Al2O3, %, khng nh hn 3. Hm lng Acid Sunfuaric H2SO4, %, khng ln hn 4. Hm lng cht khng tan trong nc, %, khng ln hn

16 0,001 0,3

C ch keo t ca phn nhm: Khi dng phn nhm lm cht keo t s xy ra phn ng thu phn: Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + 6 H +3SO4
+ 2-

Khi kim ca nc thp, cn kim ha nc bng NaOH. Liu lng cht kim ha tnh theo cng thc: Pk = e1 (Pp / e2 Kt + 1) 100/c Trong : Pk : Hm lng cht kim ha (mg/l) Pp : Hm lng phn cn thit dng keo t ( mg/l) e1, e2 : Trng lng ng lng ca cht kim ha v ca phn, ( mg/mgl ) vi e1 = 40 ( NaOH ) ; e2 = 57 ( Al2(SO4)3 ) (mg/l)

Liu lng phn nhm x l nc c ly theo

Hm lng cn ca nc ngun ( mg/l) n 100 101 - 200

CXD 33 :1985 nh sau: Liu lng phn nhm Al2(SO4)3 khng cha nc (mg/l) 25 - 35 30 45

201 - 400 401 - 600 601 - 800 801 - 1000 1401 - 1800 1801 - 2200 2201 - 2500 Khi s dng phn nhm cn lu : pH hiu qu tt nht vi phn nhm l khong 5,5 7,5. Nhit ca nc thch hp khong 20 40oC.

40 60 45 70 55 - 80 60 90 75 -115 80 125 90 - 130

Ngoi ra, cn ch n : cc thnh phn ion c trong nc, cc hp cht hu c, liu lng phn, iu kin khuy trn, mi trng phn ng u im ca phn nhm :

V mt nng lc keo t ion nhm (v c st(III)), nh in tch 3+, c nnglc keo t thuc loi cao nht (quy tc Shulz-Hardy) trong s cc loi mui t c hi m loi ngi bit. Mui nhm t c, sn c trn th trng v kh r. cng ngh keo t bng phn nhm l cng ngh tng i n gin, d kimsot, ph bin rng ri.

Nhc im ca phn nhm: + Lm gim ng k pH, phi dng NaOH hiu chnh li pH dn n chi ph sn xut tng. + Khi qu liu lng cn thit th hin tng keo t b ph hu lm nc c tr li. + Phi dng thm mt s ph gia tr keo t v tr lng. + Hm lng Al d trong nc > so vi khi dng cht keo t khc v c th ln hn tiu chun vi (0,2mg/lit). + Kh nng loi b cc cht hu c tan v ko tan cng cc kim loi nng thng hn ch. + Ngoi ra, c th lm tng lng SO42- trong nc thi sau x l l loi c c tnh i vi vi sinh vt. II. Phn st : Fe2(SO4)3.nH2O hoc FeCl3.nH2O (n = 1 6) Mui st cha ph bin Vit Nam nhng rt ph bin cc nc cng nghip. Ho h c ca mui st tng t nh mui nhm ngha l khi thu phn s to axit, v vy cn kim gi pH khng i. Fe
3+

+ 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3H

Phn st (III) khi thu phn t b nh hng ca nhit . Vng pH ti u: 5 9. ca phn nhm v phn st c to thnh cho thy: ho tan ca keo Fe(OH)3 trong nc nh hn Al(OH)3

So snh keo

T trng ca Fe(OH)3 = 1,5 Al(OH)3 ( trng lng n v ca Al(OH)3 = 2,4 cn ca Fe(OH)3 = 3,6 ) do vy keo st to thnh vn lng c khi trong nc c t cht huyn ph. u im ca phn st so vi phn nhm:

Liu lng phn st(III) dng kt ta ch bng 1/3 1/2 liu lng phn nhm. Phn st t b nh hng ca nhit v gii hn pH rng.

Nhc im ca phn st(III) l n mn ng ng mnh hn phn nhm ( v trong qu trnh phn ng to ra axit). nc ta, ngi ta vn quen dng phn nhm. khc phc nhc im ca mi loi c th dng kt hp c phn st v phn nhm tng ng l 1: 1 hoc 2 : 1. Kt ta hn hp thch hp nht vo ma lnh. Lu : rn thc t, vic la ch n loi phn, tnh ton liu lng phn v liu lng cht kim ho cn phi c xc nh bng thc nghim. Cc mui phn a vo x l nc l dng dung dch. III. Poly Aluminium Chloride: ( PAC) Mt trong nhng cht keo t th h mi, tn ti di dng polime v c l poli nhm clorua (polime aluminium chloride), thng vit tt l PAC (hoc PACl). Hin nay, cc nc tin tin, ngi ta sn xut PAC vi lng ln v s dng rng ri thay th phn nhm sunfat trong x l nc sinh hot v c bit l x l nc thi. Tnh cht: PAC c cng thc tng qut l [Al2(OH)nCl6.nxH2O]m (trong m < 10, n< 5). PAC thng mi dng bt th mu vng nht hoc vng m, d tan trong nc v km ta nhit, dung dch trong sut, c tc dng kh mnh v tnh ht thm. PAC c nhiu u im so vi phn nhm sunfat v cc loi phn v c khc: Hiu qu keo t v lng trong > 4-5 ln. an trong nc tt, nhanh hn nhiu, t lm bin ng pH ca Khng lm c nc khi dng tha hoc thiu. Khng cn (hoc dng rt t) ph gia tr keo t v tr lng. [Al] d trong nc < so vi khi dng phn nhm sunfat. Kh nng loi b cc cht hu c tan v khng tan cng cc kim loi nng tt hn. Khng lm pht sinh hm lng SO42- trong nc thi sau x l l loi c c tnh i vi vi sinh vt. C ch tc dng ca PAC: Thng thng khi keo t chng ta hay dng mui clorua hoc sunfat ca Al(III) hoc Fe(III). Khi , do phn li v thu phn ta c cc ht trong nc: Al , Al(OH)2 , Al(OH) phn t v Al(OH)4 , ba ht polime: Al2(OH)2 , Al3(OH)4 , Al13O4(OH)24 Al13 l tc nhn gy keo t chnh v tt nht.
4+ 5+ 7+ 3+ + -

nc nn ko phi dng NaOH x l v do t n mn thit b hn.

v Al(OH)3rn. Trong Al13O4(OH)24

7+

gi tt l

Vi Fe(III) ta c cc ht: Fe3+, Fe(OH)2+, Fe(OH) phn t v Fe(OH)4-, ba ht polime: Fe2(OH)24+, Fe3(OH)45+ v Fe(OH)3 rn. Trong cng ngh x l nc thng thng, nht l nc t nhin vi pH xung quanh 7 qu trnh thu phn xy ra rt nhanh, tnh bng micro giy, khi ht Al3+ nhanh chng chuyn thnh cc ht polime ri hydroxit nhm trong thi gian nh hn giy m khng kp thc hin chc nng ca cht keo t l trung ho in tch tri du ca cc ht cn l lng cn x l lm chng keo t. Khi s dng PAC qu trnh ho tan s to cc ht polime Al13, vi in tch vt tri (7+), cc ht polime ny trung ho in tch ht keo v gy keo t rt mnh, ngoi ra tc thu phn ca chng cng chm hn Al3+ rt nhiu, iu ny tng thi gian tn ti ca chng trong nc ngha l tng kh nng tcdng ca chng ln cc ht keo cn x l, gim thiu chi ph ho cht. Ngoi ra, vng pH hot ng ca PAC cng ln gp hn 2 ln so vi phn, iu ny lm cho vic keo t bng PAC d p dng hn. Hn na, do kch thc ht polime ln hn nhiu so vi Al3+ (c 2 nm so vi nh hn 0,1 nm) nn bng cn hnh thnh cng to v chc hn, thun li cho qu trnh lng tip theo.

C ch hnh thnh Al13: Trong nc Al

3+

c s phitr 4 v 6, khi kh nng tn ti di dng t din Al(OH)4- hay cn gi

l tbo T4, hoc bt din Al(OH)_4(H_2O)2- T bo T4 ny l mm hnh thnh ci gi l cu trc Keggin vi tm l t boT4 v 12 bt din bm xung quanh, khi ta c cu trc ng vi cng thcAl12AlO4(OH)247+. Ngi ta cho rng khi cho kim vo dung dch Al , khi ion Al
3+ 3+

tip xc vi

cc git kim th l lc hnh thnh cc t bo T4. Tiptheo cc bt din vy quanh T4 to Al 13, nh vy c th coi bc to T4 l bcquyt nh trong cng ngh ch to Al13 thnh phn chnh ca PAC.

Phng php s dng:

1. Sn ph m dng lng c th s dng trc tip hoc long i 10 ln ri mi s dng, dng c phi long i thnh ra dung dch 5 10% mi s dng, nh th mi dung ha u, hiu qu mi tt. Dung dch lm long tt nht phi s dng ht trong 4 8 gi. S lng s dng phi cn c theo cht lng v trong sut ca nc v thit b.Lm sch nc bnh thng s dng dng c l khong mt phn mi ngn ( 1kg nc s dng 0,01g).

2. 3.

c nc S lng

30-100

100-250

250-400

400-1000

1000 - 5000

> 5000

2.5 ppm

3.44

4.5

6.2

12.5

20

rn thc t, vic la ch n cc loi phn, cc ha cht keo t, vic tnh ton lng a vo x l cn c xc nh bng thc nghim.

Ti liu trn khng trnh khi nhng thiu xt. Rt mong mi ngi tham kho v ng gp kin. Trn trng cc n! CNG TY TNHH HA CHT CNG NGHIP C GIANG