I. PHN TCH CHI PH LM VIC 1.Thi Gian Lm Vic Ca Cng Nhn a.

Thi gian lm vic c nh mc: + Thi gian chun kt: (Thi gian ngi cng nhn dng chun b & kt thc cng vic.) Thi gian chun kt lin quan n nhim v : (Nhn cng tc, ch th, tm ti liu) Thi gian chun kt n thun cn thit : (Chun b dng c, vt liu, b tr cng vic) + Thi gian tc nghip: (Thi gian dng vo ch to sn phm, hon thnh cng vic): Thi gian tc nghip chnh: (Thi gian tiu hao thc hin cc thao tc ch yu trong qu trnh thi cng, lm thay i kch thc, hnh dng ca i tng) Thi gian tc nghip ph: (Thi gian tiu hao cho cc cng vic iu chnh dng c my mc, b tr ni lm vic xen k trong qu trnh thi cng. + Thi gian ngng ngh c quy nh: Thi gian ngng ngh v l do k thut v t chc thi cng Thi gian ngh gii lao v gii quyt nhu cu t nhin. b. Thi gian lm vic khng c nh mc: + Thi gian lm vic khng ph hp vi nhim v: (Thi gian hao ph cho nhng cng vic khng thy trc). + Thi gian ngng vic khng c quy nh: Thi gian ngng vic do t chc sn xut km. Thi gian ngng vic do nguyn nhn khch quan (Ma bo, cp in) Thi gian ngng vic do cng nhn vi phm k thut. 2. Thi Gian Lm Vic Ca My Mc a. Thi gian lm vic c nh mc: + Thi gian my chy ph hp vi nhim v: (Thi gian my c s dng hon thnh cc cng vic ph hp vi nhim v sn xut ra.) Thi gian my chy c hiu qu : (Thi gian my trc tip lm ra sn phm) - Thi gian cht ti y : Thi gian my c s dng y ti trng. - Thi gian cht ti khng y : Thi gian my khng s dng ht ti trng quy nh do iu kin lm vic v thi gian thi cng ca cng vic. Thi gian chun kt n thun cn thit : (Chun b dng c, vt liu, b tr cng vic) + Thi gian my chy khng hiu qu: (Thi gian my khng trc tip lm ra sn phm, nhng khng th thiu c trong qu trnh thi cng nh thi gian my li, i s, di chuyn) Thi gian tc nghip chnh: (Thi gian tiu hao thc hin cc thao tc ch yu trong qu trnh thi cng, lm thay i kch thc, hnh dng ca i tng) Thi gian tc nghip ph: (Thi gian tiu hao cho cc cng vic iu chnh dng c my mc, b tr ni lm vic xen k trong qu trnh thi cng. + Thi gian my ngng hp l c quy nh: (Thi gian my ngng gn lin vi qu trnh cng tc v chm sc k thut cho my, thi gian ngh ca cng nhn phc v my. Thi gian ngng v l do k thut v t chc thi cng. Thi gian ngng v l do chm sc k thut v bo dng my. Thi gian ngng cho cng nhn ngh gii lao, gii quyt nhu cu t nhin. b. Thi gian lm vic khng c nh mc:

+ Thi gian my chy khng ph hp vi nhim v: (Thi gian my chy cho cng vic khng thy trc, khng ph hp vi nhim vu, nhng phi thc hin m bo lm c cng tc chnh). + Thi gian my ngng khng c quy nh: Thi gian ngng do t chc k thut km. Thi gian ngng do nguyn nhn khch quan (Ma bo, cp in) Thi gian ngng vic do cng nhn vi phm k thut. II. CC PHNG PHP LP NH MC 1. Phng Php Phn Tch, Tnh Ton Thun Ty Bao gm 3 bc sau: + Nghin cu phn tch ti liu gc (Bn v thit k, phng n t chc thi cng). + Thit k thnh phn c cu ca qu trnh sn xut (chia qu trnh sn xut thnh cc phn t c cc hnh thc sn phm tng ng v quy nh cc tiu chun nh : ch lm vic, cng c, thit b lao ng, i tng, thnh phn cng nhn) + Tnh cc tr s nh mc v trnh by thnh ti liu s dng. 2. Phng Php Quan St Thc T Ti Hin Trng + Cng tc chun b: Thnh lp t nhm nghin cu, chun b dng c, thit b + Quan st thu thp s liu: Chn thi gian quan st, chn i tng quan st, chia qu trnh sn xut thnh cc phn t, la chn phng php thu thp thng tin. + X l thng tin thu c qua cc ln quan trc + Tnh nh mc v trnh by thnh ti liu p dng. + p dng th, sa i b sung, ban hnh nh mc. 3. Phng Php Chuyn Gia Da vo kinh nghim ca chuyn gia nh ra nh mc mi. Cht lng nh mc ph thuc vo trnh v kinh nghim ca chuyn gia. Phng php ny p dng cho cng vic mi cha tng lm. 4. Phng Php Thng K c s dng kt hp vi phng php chuyn gia, p dng nh mc k thut theo phng php chuyn gia vo thc t. Trong qu trnh thc hin tin hnh thng k hao ph cc ngun lc thi gian v sn phm t c, ri rt ra cc ch tiu v cc h s iu chnh, t hon thin nh mc k thut ca chuyn gia. 5. Phng Php Hn Hp Kt hp cc phng php trn. III. LP NH MC K THUT LAO NG 1. Lp nh mc cho cng tc tc nghip TTN = t1 x k1 + t2 x k2 + + tn x kn 2. Lp nh mc cho cng tc chun kt + S dng 2 phng n xc nh 3. Lp nh mc cho thi gian ngng v l do k thut thi cng + Xc nh = 10% thi gian tc nghip. 4. Cng thc tng hp nh mc lao ng cho 1 n v sn phm + Trng hp 1: Thi gian nh mc c xc nh trc tip TM = TTN + TCK + TNN + TKTTC + Trng hp 2: Thi gian tc nghip xc nh trc tip cn cc thnh phn khc c xc nh gin tip 100 TM = TTN x 100 [ PCK + ( PNN PTRUNG ) + PKTTC Trong : (PNN PTrng) >= 5% (Nu < th ly = 5%)

PCK, PKTTC : Tnh theo % tr s nh mc. 5. Xy dng nh mc i vi qu trnh lm vic c gii ha Trnh t tin hnh: + Xc nh nng sut ca my sau 1 gi lm vic thun ty v lin tc: Trng hp 1: My lm vic c chu k Ngi = n x V x k1 x k2 x x kn 3600 Trong : n l s chu k my lm vic c trong 1 gi. (n = ) TCK V l nng sut hay s lng sn phm my lm vic trong 1 chu k. k1, k2, kn h s phn nh iu kin lm vic i vi mi loi my mc, thit b. Trng hp 2: My lm vic khng c chu k Ngi = W x k1 x k2 x x kn Trong : W l s lng sn phm sau 1 gi lm vic lin tc. + Thit k ni lm vic ca qu trnh, thnh phn t cng nhn tham gia qu trnh: + Thit k ch lm vic ca ca my: H s s dng my trong ca (Ktg) c xc nh nh sau: Tca (Thl + Tdb ) x100 % Ktg = Tca Trong : Thl l thi gian ngng hp l c quy nh ca my. Thl = TNN + TKTTC TNN = 10% Tca = 10% x 60 x 8 TKTTC thi gian ngng vic v l do k thut thi cng. (C chu k x 2) Tdb l thi gian lm vic c bit ca my. + Xc nh nh mc nng sut ca my, nh mc thi gian s dng my: Nng sut ca my trong 1 ca: Nca = Ngi x Tca x Ktg nh mc thi gian s dng my: 1 1 x Tm = N gio K tg IV. XC NH GI CA MY CCM = CKH + CSC + CNL + CTL + CCPK (ng/ca) CKH (Chi ph khu hao) = [(Nguyn gi gi tr thu hi) x M khu hao] / (S ca nm). (ng/ca) Nu my c nguyn gi t 10 triu ng tr ln th gi tr thu hi = 5% nguyn gi Nu my c nguyn gi < 10 triu ng th gi tr thu hi = 0 CSC (Chi ph sa cha) = [(Nguyn gi x M sa cha nm)] / (S ca nm) CNL (Chi ph nhin liu) = (M tiu hao nhin liu x Gi nhin liu x Kp) ng c xng Kp = 1.03 ng c Diezel Kp = 1.05 ng c in Kp = 1.07 CTL (Chi ph tin lng) = (N1 x CTL1) + (N2 x CTL2) N : S lng th iu khin my C : n gi tin lng ngy cng CCPK (Chi ph khc) = (Nguyn gi x M chi ph khc nm) / (S ca nm)