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intestinal obstruction - Xray a.

xray abnormalities - multiple air fluid level (ladder effect) - increase bowel diameter (diameter of the distended bowel is however no t diagnostic) - caecum distended ( rounded gas shadow in RIF) - jejunum ( valvular conniventes) distended with ladder effect a nd usually centrally located - ileum ( featureless) - large bowel ( haustra) b. 4 cardinal feature of intestinal obstruction i. abdominal pain ii. vomiting iii. constipation iV. abdominal distension c.Possible diagnosis ( depends on the history) a. external - adhesion - volvulus - intersusception - hernia b. intramural - stricture - malignancy c. intraluminal - impaction - foreign body - bezoar - Gallstone d. adynamic cause - paralytic ileus - mesenteric vascular obstruction

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