Cognitive radio is nowadays being used in a number of applications; therefore, the area of spectrum sensing has become increasingly

important. For the overall system to operate effectively Spectrum sensing must be able to detect and identify other transmissions and inform the central processing unit to take required action. Cognitive radio system must accommodate a variety of consideration:- these areContinuous spectrum sensing: Normally cognitive radios will utilise the spectrum on a non-interference basis to the primary user. So, it is necessary for the system to continuously sense the spectrum in case the primary user returns. Monitor alternative empty spectrum: In case the primary user returns, cognitive radio must have alternative spectrum available. So that it can switch the spectrum if needed. Monitor type of transmission: It is necessary for the cognitive radio to sense the type of the transmission which is being used by the primary user so that false transmission and interference can be ignored. Types: There are number of ways in which cognitive radios are able to perform spectrum sensing. These types fall into one of two categories: Non-cooperative spectrum sensing: This form of spectrum sensing occurs when a cognitive radio acts on its own. So, it will configure itself according to the signals it can detect, and the information which is preloaded in the system. Cooperative spectrum sensing: For this type of spectrum sensing system, sensing will be undertaken by a number of different radios within the network. Typically a central station will receive reports of signals from a variety of radios in the network and adjust the overall cognitive radio network to suit. Cognitive radio cooperation reduces problems of interference where a single cognitive radio sometimes cannot detect the primary user.