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M U
1. XUT X CA D N

Nghin cu th trng tiu th cc sn phm thp cho thy kh nng tiu th cc sn phm ngy cng tng nn trong nhng nm gn y, c bit trong qu trnh cng nghip ho ang din ra mnh m ti tnh Bc Ninh v cc vng ln cn. Thp s dng cho cc cng trnh xy dng chim t l ln trong tng vn u t. Mc d sn lng thp xy dng ca c nc ni chung v ca tnh Bc Ninh ni ring (ch yu Chu Kh, huyn T Sn) khng ngng tng nhng vn cha p ng nhu cu ca th trng. Theo thng k ca Tng Cng ty thp Vit Nam, hin nay sn lng phi thp trong nc ch p ng c 60% nhu cu ca th trng. Cng ty t Pht u t lp t v a vo sn xut dy chuyn v cn ko thp xy dng ti a bn Cm cng nghip M ng, sn phm ca Cng ty lm ra c th trng chp nhn, nn nhu cu u t m rng sn xut l cp thit, ph hp vi ng li khuyn khch pht trin kinh t ca ng v Nh nc.
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM

2.1 C s php l 1. Lut bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005. 2. Ngh nh s 80/2006/N - CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. 3. Nin gim thng k tnh Bc Ninh nm 2006. 4. Thng t s 08/2006/TT - BTNMT ngy 08 thng 9 nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. 5. Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v x l vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 1

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6. Ngh nh s 13/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v mi trng v vic t chc v hot ng ca Hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc, Hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. 7. Cng vn s 1361/UBND-NN.TN ca UBND tnh Bc Ninh v vic cho php Cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi t Pht nhn chuyn nhng ti sn trn t thu. 8. Cng vn s 71/TT-UB ca UBND x nh Bng v vic xin cho Cng ty TNHH sn xut v TM t Pht thu t. 9. Cng vn s 74/CV-UB ca doanh nghip t nhn c kh Thng Nht v vic cho php chuyn nhng ti sn trn t. 10. Cng vn s 31/CV-UB ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut v TM v vic cho php c nhn chuyn nhng ti sn trn t. 2.2 C s k thut ca D n S liu kho st v kh tng thu vn, ti liu v a l t nhin, tnh hnh kinh t x hi do c quan a phng cung cp. Cc ti liu v cng ngh x l nhim, gim thiu nhim mi trng nc, khng kh, cc yu t vt l. Thuyt minh d n u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca 2.3 Cc tiu chun Vit Nam 1. Cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q - BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B TN & MT v cc tiu chun Vit Nam khc c lin quan. 2. Cc tiu chun v sinh lao ng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q- BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t ( Bao gm 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 5 nguyn tc v 7 thng s v sinh lao ng) v cc tiu chun mi trng lao ng khc c lin quan.

3. T chc thc hin

D n u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca ti CCN M ng - x nh Bng - T Sn - Bc Ninh do Cng ty TNHH v SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 2

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TM t Pht lm ch u t. C quan lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng l Trm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng tnh Bc Ninh. 3.1 Gii thiu s lc v c quan t vn Tn c quan t vn: Trm Quan trc v Phn tch Mi trng tnh Bc Ninh i din: ng Nguyn i ng - Trm trng a ch lin h: S 11-ng Hai B Trng-Phng Sui Hoa-TP Bc Ninh in thoi: (0241).874124 3.2 T chc thc hin Qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca D n c thc hin theo cc trnh t sau: - Nghin cu h s d n u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca ti CCN M ng - x nh Bng - T Sn - Bc Ninh - Thu thp s liu v iu kin a l t nhin, kinh t x hi khu vc - Phn tch cht lng mi trng khu vc D n . - Xc nh ngun nhim do qu trnh hot ng ca D n c th gy ra i vi mi trng khu vc. - Xy dng cc phng n khng ch gim thiu nhim mi trng i vi cc hot ng ca D n. - Trn c s cc s liu iu tra, phn tch hin trng mi trng, tng hp s liu lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n. - Trnh thm nh v nghim thu Bo co. 3.3 Mt s phng php v thit b o c chnh. Bng 1:Thit b o c, ly mu v phn tch mi trng TT 1 2 3 4 Tn thit b Thit b ly mu kh AS-3 My o tc gi My o nhit , m My so mu DR 5000 Page 3 Nc SX VN Anh M Cc thit b ly mu kh v phn tch cht l-ng mi tr-ng khng kh Fax: (0241).811257

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Cc thit b o bi v ting n 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 Thit b o ting n tch phn Thit b ly mu bi tng s SL-15P Bm ly mu nc Water Samling Pump T n nhit BOD My o oxy ho tan YSI 5000; t m nui cy My ht chn khng COD reactor My so mu DR 5000 My cc ph M Nht M M M M M M VN Bng 2: Danh sch cn b tham gia lp bo co TT 1 2 3 4 5 H v tn Dng Th Chung Trn Chung Bi Th Thanh Nga Trn Thanh Nam ng Trng Giang Hc v K s K s C nhn K s K s Cp bc, c quan cng tc Ph trch phng T vn - K thut mi trng Qun l k thut phng Quan trc mi trng Cn b Trm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng Cn b Trm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng Cn b Trm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng

Cc thit b ly mu v phn tch nc, t

Cc thit b phn tch cc kim loi nng trong nc

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG I M T TM TT D N
1.1 TN D N

u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca

1.2. Tn c quan ch d n

Tn Cng ty: Cng ty TNHH v TM t Pht i din: ng Trn Vn Chnh Chc v: Gim c a ch: Thn Song Thp, x Chu Kh, huyn T Sn, Bc Ninh in thoi: 04.9606854
1.3. v tr a l ca d N

a im khu t thc hin d n c u t xy dng ti CCN (cm cng nghip) sn xut thp M ng - nh Bng - T Sn - Bc Ninh, cnh ng Quc l 1A, vi tng din tch 1.907m2. Khu t trin khai D n c cc mt tip gip nh sau : - Pha Ty Bc gip ng vo x Chu Kh - Pha Ty Nam gip ng ni b CCN - Pha ng Bc gip t HTX Tun Ngc - Pha ng Nam gip t HTX Tng Lm (S v tr khu t trin khai D n km theo phn ph lc)
1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N

1.4.1 Mc tiu u t thc hin tt ch trng chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc v chuyn i c cu kinh t v a dng ho ngnh ngh, y nhanh qu trnh cng nghip ho - hin i ho cng nh xut pht t mc tiu pht trin Cng ty, Cng ty TNHH v TM t Pht quyt nh u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca ti CCN sn xut thp M ng nh Bng - T Sn. Mc tiu c th ca D n nh sau: SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 5

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- u t sn xut cc sn phm thp phc v ngnh xy dng, gp phn thc y qu trnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho tnh Bc Ninh. - p ng nhu cu trong tnh v nhu cu cc sn phm thp, nng cao kh nng sn xut trong tnh v cc vng ln cn. - Tng thu nhp, to cng n vic lm n nh cho nhiu lao ng a phng v khu vc ph cn. 1.4.2 Tng vn u t ca D n: 4.284000000 ng Trong : - Vn c nh: 3.284000000 ng, trong : + Vn xy lp l 690 triu ng, + Vn thit b l 2.594 triu ng - Vn lu ng: 1.000.000.000 ng + Chi ph n b xy dng c s h tng l 150 triu ng; + Chi ph khc l 850 triu ng. 1.4.3 Ngun vn u t: Cn c vo kh nng ti chnh ca Cng ty v cn c vo ch cho vay vn tn dng ca Chi nhnh ngn hng u t pht trin Bc Ninh, cng ty xc nh vn u t nh sau: + Vay ngn hng u t pht trin Bc Ninh + Vn t c ca Cng ty 1.4.4 Hnh thc u t thc hin tt mc tiu ca D n v chin lc sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty TNHH v TM t Pht, hnh thc u t l xy dng mi nh xng sn xut v cc cng trnh ph tr. 1.4.5 T chc v tin thc hin D n: Sau khi c chp thun u t, Ch u t s lm th tc thu t v xin php xy dng ng thi thnh lp ban qun l d n thc hin u t theo hnh thc ch u t trc tip thc hin, qun l iu hnh d n. 1.4.6 Sn phm v cng sut ca D n Tn SP n v Bng 3 : Sn phm v cng sut Cng sut (tn) Page 6

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Thp cn

Tn

Nm 1 6.000 (75%)

Nm 2 6.800 (858%)

Nm 3 8.000 (100%)

Trong nhng nm u tin i vo hot ng, Nh my d kin hot ng 75% cng sut thit k v tng vo cc nm tip theo. n nm th 3 Nh my s hot ng vi 100% cng sut thit k. 1.4.7 Nhu cu s dng nguyn, nhin, ph liu ca D n. a) Nhu cu nhin liu * Gii php cp in Gii php cp in s c lp trn c s cc tiu chun hin hnh ca Nh nc v ca B xy dng v thit k, kch thc cc loi dy cp v cc thng s k thut khc ng thi tham kho cc s liu thit k thc t ca cc c s sn xut khc. Ngun in cung cp cho d n c cp t ngun in ca CCN (ng dy 35 KV i qua mt bng ca xng) * Nhu cu s dng in: Nhu cu s dng in phc v trong cc cng on ca qu trnh sn xut, in chiu sng nh xng, bm cp nc, cu ho, chiu sng sn vn... Tng nhu cu in hng nm ca my cn kp l: 8.000 tn x 200 KW/tn = 1.600.000 KW * Nhu cu s dng nc Nhu cu s dng nc ch yu cho hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn (cc khu v sinh, khu bp, nh n ca) v s dng trong sn xut cho qu trnh sn xut (lm mt my). Ngoi ra, c mt lng nc c d phng cho cng tc phng chy cha chy + Nhu cu nc phc v sn xut: Nhu cu nc phc v sn xut pht sinh t qu trnh lm mt my lng nc s dng cho qu trnh ny khong 10 m3/ngy. + Nhu cu nc dng cho sinh hot ca cng nhn vi mc bnh qun s dng 100 lt/ngi/ngy (s cng nhn ca Nh my l 53 ngi): 100 lt x 53ngi SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 = 5.3 m3 / ngy Page 7

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1.4.9 Cng ngh sn xut S 1: Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut sn phm thp
Phi thp (ct nh hnh s b)

Ting n, u mu phi tthp

L nung

Nhit, x than, bi, kh CO2,SO2..

My cn ko th

Ting n, nhit r thp, nc thi

Nc lm mt
My cn lin hon (Cn ko nh hnh)

Ting n, nhit r thp, nc thi

Sn lm ngui

Nhit

Kho thnh phm

Thuyt minh cng ngh cn ko thp t ng Nguyn liu u vo l phi thp CT3 hoc CT4. Sau khi ct phi thp bng my ct t c kch thch nh trc, phi thp c cho vo l than nung n nhit d bin dng do. Phi thp t n nhit cn thit c a vo my cn ko lin hon nh hnh. Ti y cc loi thp c gia cng nh hnh trong khun ca my cn (cn th tip n l cn tinh) n tiu chun kch thc theo yu cu. Sau khi ngui nhng thnh phm ny c phn loi v nhp kho.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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1. Pha ct phi thp: Pha ct phi thp phi thp t c hnh khi v kch thc yu cu, tu thuc vo thit k ca tng sn phm. Giai on ny s pht sinh ting n, u mu thp tha. 2. Nung phi thp: Phi thp c a vo l than nung n nhit d bin dng do, qu trnh nung nng phi thp l qu trnh nung nng lan truyn, phi thp sau khi qua l nung t ti nhit c th dng lm bin dng. Qu trnh ny pht sinh nhit t lo nung, x than, kh thi t lo nung. 3. Qu trnh cn ko Phi thp sau khi ra khi lo nung c a vo my cn ko lin hon, phi thp c vut i vut li, qu trnh ny s pht sinh cc r st. Sau c pha ct tu theo ng cc knh thc yu cu v c lm ngui t nhin. Qu trnh ny pht sinh nhit, ting n, u mu thp. 5. Kim tra cht lng sn phm. Sn phm c kim tra cht lng cc c tnh k thut trc khi nhp kho. 1.4.10 Phn u t xy dng Cn c din tch khu t, yu cu cng ngh sn xut v din tch xy dng cc hng mc lp t thit b, xng cn ko thp c b tr thnh 3 khu. - Khu nh sn xut: Gm mt xng sn xut chnh trong xng c khu lp t thit b ng b cn ko thp. - Khu nh qun l v sinh hot cn b cng nhn gm: Nh iu hnh, nh xe cn b cng nhn vin, nh n ca, nh bp, nh v sinh. - Khu cc cng trnh ph tr gm: Kho nguyn liu, kho thnh phm, trm in. trm x l nc thi, trm cp nc, gara t, trng cy xanh - Phng n b tr tng mt bng to iu kin thun li cho quy trnh vn hnh sn xut, m bo yu cu v sinh cng nghip, an ton lao ng phng chng chy n.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Trn din tch 1.907 m2, Nh my d kin quy hoch s dng t nh sau: Bng 5: C cu s dng t ca D n TT 1 2 3 Chc nng s dng Din tch (ha) 1.270 300 337 1.907 MXD (%) 66,62 15,73 17,65 100

t xy dng t giao thng ni b t cy xanh Tng cng 1.4.11 Gii php xy dng

a, Khu nh sn xut: Tiu chun cp 5 cng nghip, gii php kt cu ch yu nh sau: - Din tch: 800m2 - Kt cu: + Mng ct b tng lp ch bulng bt ct thp + Khung nh ct, v ko thp, mi lp tn Austnam cao 8m + Nn t my b tng si mc 200 + Nh sn xut ly nh sng, gi t nhin xung quanh lp t n chiu sng. b, Khu nh vn phng v sinh hot ca CBCN - Din tch 5m x 14m = 70 m2. - Kt cu: Tng chu lc xy dng c 220 bng va tam hp mc 50. Chiu cao nh 5m, mi trn lp tn Ausnam chng nng, nn lt gch ceramit Trung Quc, ca g nhm 2, c cng trnh ph khp kn. - Nh xe CBCN: Din tch 40 m2 c, Khu cc cng trnh ph tr: Nh kho thnh phm: Din tch: 150 m2. Kt cu nh cp 5 tng xy gch 220, mi v ko thp lp tn, nn b tng si mc 200. 1. Nh kho nguyn liu: Din tch 200 m2. Kt cu nh cp 5, tng xy gch 220 m, mi v ko thp ln tn AUSTNAM nn b tng gch v TH mc 25. 2. Trm bin th t my: Din tch 2m x 3m = 6m2 3. ng in ng lc v chiu sng mt bng, chiu di 0,7km 4. ng dy in cao th 35 KV cp in trm bin th, chiu di 0,5 km SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 10

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5. Sn, ng ni b: Din tch 300 m2 6. H thng cp thot nc mt bng :100 m2 7. Trng cy xanh: 337 m2 1.4.11 Nhu cu lao ng Bng 6: Nhu cu lao ng ca Nh my STT Cc b phn I. B phn phc v 1 Sa cha c in 2 Sa cha nng 3 Phc v sinh hot 4 T trng II. T cn ko thp 1 Th l 2 Vn chuyn bc ni 3 Ct sa phi 4 Trc tip cn ko 5 Thu kho 6 T trng III. T ph liu 1 T trng 2 Nhn cng TNG S * Ch lao ng Nh my s tuyn lao ng theo hnh thc k hp ng lao ng gia Gim c hoc ngi c gim c u quyn vi ngi lao ng theo cc quy nh ca lut lao ng Vit Nam. Nh my s to iu kin thnh lp t chc on th v hot ng theo php lut Nh my s t chc lm 1 ca 8 ting/ngy, tr lng khon theo sn phm. Khi c nhu cu lm thm gi, Nh my s tr lng ngoi gi theo quy nh v ch lm thm gi ca B lut Lao ng nc cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Lng bnh qun cho cng nhn vin ca Nh my l 600.000 800.000 VN/ngi/thng Nhu cu lao ng 7 2 2 2 1 36 4 6 4 19 2 1 9 1 8 52

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG II IU KIN T NHIN, HIN TRNG MI TRNG V KINH T -X HI KHU VC D N

2.1 iu kin t nhin khu vc D n 2.1.1 V tr a l. Cm cng nghip M ng c tng din tch 4,88 ha thuc a phn x nh Bng, huyn T Sn, tnh Bc Ninh. Pha Bc v Ty gip vi khu vc t trng la ca a phng. Pha Nam gip ng st H Ni - Lng Sn v khu dn c ven QL. Phia ng gip ng 3A (ni QL 1A vi QL3A). Tip gip vi ng 3A l knh thu li ln ca khu vc ni vi sng Ng Huyn Kh. 2.1.2 a cht, thu vn. Khu vc x nh Bng nm trong ng bng sng Hng c a hnh tng i bng phng, cao tuyt i trung bnh 5-12m. Cn c vo c im v thnh phn thch hc, tnh thm, tnh cha nc, giu nc v c im thu ng lc c th phn chia a cht thu vn cc n v cha nc v cch nc sau: - Tng cha nc va-l hng trm tch Holocen (Qh): C thnh phn l ct th, ct, bt, st. B dy thay i t 10.4 m -18.2 m. Kt qu ht nc l khoan LK8 cho thy Q = 2.22 l/s; S= 1.12 m; T= 192 m2/ngy. M = 0.3-0.5 g/l, nc thuc loi Bicacbonat - clorua-canxi. - Lp cch nc trm tch Holocen - Pleistocen (LCN1). Thnh phn gm ct pha st, st, st pha loang l. y l tng cch nc c chiu dy t 3-5m v l tng bo v tt trnh nhim cho tng cha nc bn di. - Tng cha nc p lc va - l hng trm tch Pleistocen. y l tng cha nc kh phong ph. Nc ngm c cht lng kh tt, tng khong ho M = 0.059-0.28 g/l, thuc loi hnh Bicabonat Magi-canxi.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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2.1.3 c im kh hu. CCN M ng nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma vng ng Bc. c im kh tng ca khu vc c xc nh qua s liu ca Trung tm kh tng thu vn Trung ng. a/ Nhit . - Nhit trung bnh hng nm ca khng kh: 23 o C - Nhit trung bnh thng cao nht (thng 6): b/ m. - m tng i trung bnh hng nm: 83% - Ln nht (thng 3) - Nh nht (thng 1) c/ Gi. - Ma ng hng gi ch o l gi ng - ng Bc chim tn sut t 25 n 30% (t thng 11 n thng 01 nm sau). - Ma h hng gi ch o l gi ng - ng Nam, chim tn sut t 45 n 52% (t thng 5 n thng 7). - Tc gi trung bnh cc thng trong nm vo khong t 32- 36 m/giy xy ra vo chu k lp li 20- 50 nm. d/ Ma. - Lng ma trung bnh hng nm: 1,661mm. - Lng ma cc i trong 10 pht (nm): 35,2mm. - Lng ma cc i trong 30 pht (nm): 56,8 mm. - Lng ma cc i trong 60 pht (nm): 93,4 mm. (Ngun: Nin gim thng k nm 2006) 2.1.5 H thng cp thot nc - H thng cp nc: Ngun nc cp c ly t ging khoan, s dng cho vic sinh hot, v phc v sn xut. Nc phc v cho qu trnh sn xut ch yu l nc lm mt cc my mc thit b. Hm lng nc ngm trong khu vc c du SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 13 : 88% : 80% 38,8oC - Nhit trung bnh thng thp nht (thng 1): 13,8o C.

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hiu ca s nhim. . - H thng thot nc H thng thot nc CCN tng i hon chnh, h thng tiu nc trn a bn ton x c phn theo nhiu khu vc, nc ma, nc thi sinh hot c tiu thot vo h thng cc ao, h trong khu vc. Trn a bn x hin nay cc thn u c cc ao h c no vt thng xuyn v c va gch xung quanh. 2.1.6 H thng giao thng vn ti Cm cng nghip M ng c v tr thun li trong vic giao lu kinh t vi cc a phng trong tnh v cc tnh ln cn nh h thng giao thng thun li: Gn quc l 1A, gip ng st H Ni - Lng Sn. 2.2 Hin trng mi trng t nhin khu vc D n nh gi hin trng mi trng khu vc cng nh to c s cho vic nh gi nhng thay i n mi trng khu vc trong tng lai, nhm cng tc thc hin vic o c cht lng mi trng khu vc D n. Kt qu o c, phn tch cc thng s mi trng c trnh by nh sau: 2.2.1 Mi trng khng kh. HTX Tng Lm KK2

HTX Tun Ngc

KK2

ng ni b CCN

KK1 ng vo Chu Kh KK3

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Cc ch tiu kho st. Nhit , m, vn tc gi, bi, ting n, H2S, SO2, NO2 Phng php ly mu. Phng php ly mu theo tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (TCVN 2005). Kt qu ly mu phn tch c so snh vi TC5937-2005 (Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh) Bng 7 : Cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc D n
Thng s Nhit m Tc gi Ting n Bi SO2 NO2 CO H2 S O3 n v
0

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TCVN 5937 2005 -

Kt qu KK1 KK2
KK3

KK4 26.9 54.2 0.2-0.4 54.3-61.2 382 412 171 5835 18 12

27.5 53.4 0.1-0.9

27 55.5 0.1-0.4 56.6-68.1 280 320 162 3501 12 Kph

26.8 54.9 0.1-0.5 55.5-67.6 362 420 178 5835 18 10

% m/s dBA g/m3 g/m

3

75(TCVN 50-61.2 5949-1998) 300 350 200 30000 42(TCVN 5938-2005) 180

354 362 180 4668 16 Kph

g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3

Ghi ch: (-) khng quy nh; (Kph): Khng pht hin c. Nhn xt: Kt qu th nghim mu khng kh ti cc v tr ly mu theo s
ly mu cho thy hm lng bi cao hn TCCP 1.18-1.27 ln; hm lng SO2 cao hn TCCP 1.03-1.2 ln (do y l khu cng nghip M ng); Cc ch tiu phn tch v o ti hin trng khc c gi tr nm trong gii hn cho php TCVN 5937, 5938:2005.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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2.2.2 Hin trng mi trng nc Ni dung kho st mi trng nc bao gm: - Kho st tm hiu cc ngun nc mt, nc ngm trong khu vc xy dng Nh my. - Chn v tr, tin hnh ly mu v phn tch trong phng th nghim c tin hnh theo TCVN tng ng. Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc c th hin trn bng 8 v bng 9 Bng 8: Cht lng mi trng nc mt
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Thng s pH BOD5(200C) COD DO TSS Fe Cd Pb Cu Zn Mn Nitrit Amoniac n v TCVN 5942B : 1995 5.5-9 25 35 2 80 2 0.02 0.1 1 2 0.8 0.05 1 Kt qu 5.5 25 50 35 60 1.5 Kph 0.0005 0.002 1.0 0.13 0.008 0.07

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Ghi ch: (Kph): Khng pht hin c. (-): Khng quy nh. Nhn xt: Qua bng kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt ti mng tiu nc gn khu d n cho thy: Hm lng COD vt tiu chun cho php 1,94 ln, BOD5 vt 1.44 ln. Cc ch tiu phn tch khc c gi tr nm trong gii hn cho php tiu chun nc mt 5942B: 1995

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

Page 16

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Bng 9: Cht lng mi trng nc ngm

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PH cng (tnh theo CaCO3) Fe Cd Pb Cu Zn Mn Clorua Thng s n v TCVN 5944 : 1995 6.5 8.5 300 500 1-5 0.01 0.05 1.0 5.0 0.1-0.5 200-600 Kt qu 6.7 124 0.80 Kph 2.2x10-3 0.3x10-3 1.1 0.02 45

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Ghi ch: (Kph): Khng pht hin c. (-): Khng quy nh. Nhn xt: Kt qu o nhanh v th nghim mu nc ngm cho thy: - Hm lng cc ch tiu phn tch c gi tr nm trong gii hn cho php theo TCVN 5944 : 1995

CHNG III SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 17

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NH GI TC NG CA D N N MI TRNG
3.1 NH GI TC NG CA D N TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG

3.1.1 Cc ngun gy nhim T thi im trin khai xy dng cho n khi hon thnh cc hng mc cng trnh ca D n d kin l 12 thng. Tng din tch mt bng ca D n l 1.907 m2, cc hng mc nh nu ti phn 1.4.11 Cc yu t gy nhim mi trng pht sinh trong giai on ny c lit k nh sau: - Cht thi rn xy dng, gm: t, , gch v, g tha.. - Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng trn cng trng, gm: V lon, chai, giy, hp bao gi thc n d tha. - Nc thi v sinh ca cn b v cng nhn xy dng. - Nc ma chy trn cun theo cc cht bi, rc, v liu tha, vt liu ri vi. - Ting n, rung do thi cng ng cc mng. - Bi v ting n, kh thi CO, SO2, hi xng du, hi ch do cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v thit b gy ra. - Bi do cng tc thi cng ng cc v cc hot ng xy dng khc trn cng trng. Cc ngun gy nhim nu trn nh hng n cc yu t mi trng chnh sau: Mi trng khng kh Mi trng nc Cht thi rn H sinh thi iu kin kinh t - x hi v cnh quan khu vc.

3.1.2 Cc yu t mi trng b nh hng a) Mi trng khng kh SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 18

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Ngun gy nhim chnh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l: bi t , cc loi kh c hi nh kh SO2, NOx, CO, CO2... pht sinh t cc loi my xy dng, phng tin giao thng vn ti, cc cng on phun sn, nh bng vt liu... * Bi Trong giai on ph d, xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh, ngun pht sinh bi ch yu do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v ph thi. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc loi bi t c kch thc ln, kh pht tn xa nn ch yu gy nhim cc b ti khu vc cng trng v trn cc tuyn ng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng khi c xe i qua. * Kh thi c hi Kh thi c thi ra do cc my, cc thit b xy dng chuyn dng, cc phng tin giao thng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng v ph thi, cc ng c ny dng nhin liu (xng, du diezen), khi c t chy trong ng c, nhng loi nhin liu ny s sinh ra cc cht kh c kh nng gy nhim mi trng nh: Hydrcarbua (HC), CO, NOx, SOx v bi. H s nhim trong trng hp ny ph thuc vo cng xut v ch vn hnh ca cc loi phng tin (chy khng ti, chy chm, chy nhanh, chy bnh thng). Trung bnh hng ngy ti cng trnh c nhiu chuyn xe ra vo vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v sn phm. Hot ng giao thng vn ti c th to ra nhng tc nhn c hi nh nu trn. Theo ti liu k thut K thut nh gi nhanh nhim mi trng ca t chc Y t Th gii (WHO) 1993 thit lp tnh cho xe chy du Diesel (Vi hm lng lu hunh S=1%) vi tc trung bnh 25km/gi, trng ti 3,4 - 16 tn, khi xe chy trn 1 km ng s thi ra nhng cht nhim vi lng nh sau: Bi khi (g) 0.9 SO2(g) 4.29 NO2(g) 11.8 CO(g) 6.0 THC(g) 2.6

Gi s xe chy 1 km to ra mt lung bi bc cao 5m, rng 6m vi iu kin bn vng kh quyn loi A, th nng bi v kh thi do mi xe thot ra l: Cht nhim Bi SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Nng g/m3 30 TCVN5937- 2005 300 Page 19

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SO2 NOx CO HC

143 393 200 86

350 200 30 -

Hot ng giao thng vn ti ti cng trnh mc d khng qu ln, nng cc cht nhim thp hn tiu chun cho php nhng cng gp phn gia tng nng cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh xung quanh. V vy Ch d n s phi p dng mt s bin php quy hoch qun l v k thut khng ch v gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t hot ng ny (xem chi tit phn cc gii php gim thiu nhim). Kh thi cng c sinh ra t cc cng on hn: Trong qu trnh hn cc kt cu thp (c bit l qu trnh thi cng xy dng nh khung thp tin ch), cc loi ho cht cha trong que hn khi chy pht sinh ra khi c cha cc cht c hi c th gy nhim mi trng v sc kho cng nhn lao ng. Cc nguyn liu to thuc bc gm nhiu loi nh: Xenluloza, bt tan, titan xit, ilmenit, st oxit, vi, fermangan, mangandioxit, kalisilic, natrisilicat... Theo kinh nghim thc t cho thy, lng kh thi t cng on hn l khng cao so vi nhim t cc ngun khc, tuy nhin cng nh hng trc tip n ngi cng nhn hn. Vi cc phng tin bo h lao ng c nhn ph hp, ngi th hn khi tip xc vi loi kh c ny s trnh c nhng nh hng xu n sc kho. * Ting n Trong qu trnh thi cng, mi hot ng trn cng trng u l nguyn nhn to ting n cho mi trng lao ng cng nh cho cc vng ln cn. Ting n s gia tng mnh giai on p ph cng trnh c, o v gia c nn mng, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu... trong cc giai on cn li ting n s gim dn. Ting n nh hng trc tip n sc kho ca cn b cng nhn trn cng trng thi cng v hiu qu thi cng, nh hng n sc kho ca cng ng dn c quanh khu vc thi cng. Khi thi cng c s h tng ca D n, cc n v thi cng s tin hnh khi lng cng vic rt ln: Ph d, thi cng cc cng trnh h tng c s SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 20

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nh in nc. Do vy, cng hot ng ca cc xe ch t ct v cc phng tin ch vt t, thit b vo lc cao im c th ti hng chc cc phng tin hot ng. Ting n sinh ra t mt s phng tin giao thng v thit b phc v xy dng c thng k trong bng sau: Bng 10: Mc n ca cc phng tin giao thng Phng tin t c trng ti <3,500 kg t c trng ti >3,500 kg t cn cu My i My khoan My dp btng My ca tay My nn diezen c vng quay rng My ng ba 1,5 tn My trn btng bng diezen Mc n ph bin (dBA) 85 90 90 93 87-90 80-85 80-82 75-80 70-75 70-75 Mc n ln nht (dBA) 103 105 110 115 120 100 95 97 87 85
Ngun: NAZT- WHO

Ting n o c c nh gi theo tiu chun TCVN 5949-1998. Ting n chung ti a hoc ting n chung cho php trong sut ca lao ng 8 gi khng c vt qu 75 dBA, mc cc i khng c vt qu 115 dBA. Nu tng thi gian tip xc vi ting n trong ngy khng qu: - 4 gi, mc p m cho php l: 90 dBA. - 2 gi, mc p m cho php l : 95 dBA. - 1 gi, mc p m cho php l : 100 dBA. - 30 pht, mc p m cho php l : 105 dBA. - 15 pht, mc p m cho php l : 110 dBA. V mc cc i khng c vt qu 115 dBA. Thi gian lm vic cn li trong ngy ch c tip xc vi ting n di 75 dBA. Nh vy, mc p m ti khu vc d n trong qu trnh trin khai xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh s rt ln v c kh nng ln hn cc gii hn cho php. Mc p m cc i cng c th vt qu 115 dBA nu cc thit b SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 21

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v phng tin lm vic khng m bo cc thng s k thut nhm gim thiu ting n. D kin ting n bnh qun trn cng trng c th t: 75 - 80 dBA. Nh vy, mc n bnh qun khi xy dng c s h tng trn cng trng vt mc n cho php khng ng k. * Rung ng Nguyn nhn gy s rung ng trong qu trnh xy dng ch yu do cc thit b nh: my t dp, my ba ng cc, xe lu rung, m rung hoc do cc phng tin giao thng c trng ti ln. Nhn chung, rung ng ch tc ng mnh trong phm vi 20m, ngoi phm vi 100m s rung ng ny hu nh khng c tc ng nh hng. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh xy dng vn cn phi c nhng gii php phng nga, gim thiu rung ng ph hp. b/ Mi trng nc. * Nc ma chy trn. Do D n c xy dng trong thi gian khong 12 thng, nu khng c h thng thot nc tm thi trong qu trnh thi cng cng trnh th lng nc ma chy trn trong khu vc D n s gy nhim mi trng. * Nc thi sinh hot Trong giai on thi cng tp trung lng ln cng nhn thi cng cng trnh hot ng, sinh hot ca h thi ra lng ln cc cht thi bao gm c cht thi rn, nc thi. D bo c khong 30 cng nhn v lng nc s dng ca h l: Tng lng nc s dng (mc bnh qun 100l/ngi/ ngy) 100l x 30 ngi Lng nc thi sinh hot khong = 3 m3 / ngy : 2,7 m3 / ngy

Nh vy trong qu thi gian thi cng lng nc thi sinh hot hng ngy l 2,7 m3. Vi thi lng nh trn, nu khng c bin php qun l, x l thch hp s nh hng nht nh n mi trng khu vc d n. Nc thi sinh hot ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD5 ), cc cht dinh dng (NO3-, PO4-) v cc vi sinh vt. Theo tnh ton v thng k cho thy, khi lng cht nhim ca mi ngi hng ngy thi vo mi trng (nu khng x l) s l: Bng 11: Thi lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot (nh mc cho 1gi/ngy) SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 22

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STT 1 2 3 4 5 6

Cht nhim BOD5 COD TSS Tng Nit Amoni Tng Pht pho

Khi lng (gam/ngi/ngy) 44-54 72-102 70-145 6-12 2,4-4,8 08-4

Nh vy, ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ca D n trong giai on xy dng nh sau: STT 1 2 3 4 Cht nhim BOD5 COD TSS NO3
-

n v kg/ngy kg/ngy kg/ngy kg/ngy

Ti lng 0,13- 0,16 0,22- 0,31 0,4- 0,6 0,03- 0,04

D n s c cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ny (c trnh by trong phn cc bin php gim thiu nhim ca bo co TM). *Nc thi thi cng. Lng nc thi to ra t thi cng xy dng nhn chung khng nhiu, khng ng lo ngi. Thnh phn nhim chnh trong nc thi thi cng l t, ct xy dng thuc loi t c hi, d lng ng, tch t ngay trn cc tuyn thot nc thi cng tm thi. V th, kh nng gy tch t, lng ng bn t vo h thng thot nc vo khu vc dn c xung quanh ch mc thp.

c/ Cht thi rn. * Cht thi rn xy dng. t, ct, ... trong qu trnh xy dng s lm thu hp dng chy ca cc ng thot nc. Mc gy nh hng ph thuc vo trnh k thut v qun l thi cng. Cc v bao xi mng, st thp tha, mnh g vn, v thng... nu khng c thu gom s tc ng tiu cc n mi trng v gy lng ph. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 23

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* Cht thi rn sinh hot. Cng trng xy dng s tp trung khong 30 ngi. Ly tiu chun x rc thi l 0,5kg/ngi/ngy, d bo lng rc thi s l 15kg/ngy, trong thnh phn hu c (rau, c qu, cm tha...) chim t 55 n 70%. Tc ng n c s h tng, iu kin kinh t x hi, cng ng dn c v cnh quan khu vc. Vic tin hnh xy dng D n s to iu kin thay i tch cc mt phn cnh quan hin c ca khu vc, to thu nhp v vic lm cho lao ng trong khu vc. D n nm trong cm cng nghip nn khng c tc ng ln v cc mt kinh t - x hi v cnh quan khu vc.
3.2 NH GI TC NG CA D N KHI D N I VO HOT NG

3.2.1 Cc ngun gy nhim * nhim t qu trnh sn xut T cng ngh sn xut ca xng cn ko thp a phn trn, c th phn tch cc ngun pht sinh cc tc ng mi trng gm kh thi, bi, n, nc thi, cht thi rn v nhit cc cng on trong dy chuyn sn xut nh sau: + Cng on ct nh hnh phi thp: Cng on ny pht sinh ting n, bi v u mu phi thp tha. + Cng on phi thp c a vo l than nung: Pht sinh bi l lng, x than v cc kh CO, NOx, SO2 do nguyn liu t l than; nhit ... + My cn ko th v my cn lin hon pht sinh ting n, nhit , r thp v nc thi. Qu trnh cn ko s dng mt lng nc tun hon lm ngui thit b. Lu lng nc s dng khong 10m3/ngy. Lng nc ny c tun hon dn tr li b v c a tr li lm mt thit b (h thng nc tun hon). Hng ngy c b sung nc khong 2 - 3 m3 b cho phn bay hi v tht thot. Do s dng h thng b tun hon nn hu nh nh my khng thi nc trong qu trnh sn xut. * nhim do sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin:

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

Page 24

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- Hot ng sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin trong Nh my s pht sinh nc thi sinh hot v cht thi thi rn sinh hot * Do cc hot ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v thnh phm: Bi, ting n, kh CO, SO2, NOx... l nhng cht thi do phng tin giao thng ra vo ly hng v cung ng nguyn vt liu. 3.2.2 Cc yu t mi trng chu nh hng a) Mi trng khng kh Nh phn tch trn, mi trng khng kh s chu nhng tc ng sau: * Nhit mi trng lao ng Cng ngh sn xut ca Nh my s dng l nung bng than. V vy, ti cc khu vc l nung, khu vc my cn ko nhit cao hn nhit khu vc khc. Tc ng ca nhit cao: Nhit cao ti ni v lm vic ca cn b cng nhn vin gy tc hi n sc kho. iu kin kh hu nng m km theo nhit cao c th nh hng ti sc kho ca ngi lao ng nh: ri lon iu ho nhit, say nng, mt nc, mt mui... lm vic trong mi trng c nhit cao th t l mc cc bnh s cao hn bnh thng nh bnh tiu ho chim 15% so vi 7,5%, bnh ngoi da 6,3% so vi 1,6%... Tuy nhin, nhit ny ch pht tn trong phm vi hp nh hung trc tip n mt s t cng nhn lao ng phi lm vic gn thit b. (S cng nhn ny gm 04 ngi khu vc l v 19 ngi khu vc my cn ko thp). * Tc ng ca bi v kh thi sn xut. Bi t cc l nung v my cn thp c pht sinh do qu trnh chy cc vt cht trong l bi nhin liu chy l than. Cc loi kh thi sinh ra gm CO, SO2, NOx, hi oxit kim loi do nguyn liu gc l thp ph liu. Lng than s dng cho mi tn sn phm l 80 kg. Vi cng sut ca Nh my l 50 tn/ngy, ta c th quy i lng than tiu th ca nh my 4tn/ngy tng ng vi 0,16kg/h SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 25

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* Lng kh c hi sinh ra do t than H s thi vi l t dng than c nghin cu v xc nh nh sau:

n v nhin liu Bi Tn 5.A H s thi (kg/U) SO2 19,5.S NOx 9,0 CO 0,3

Ngun s liu: Phm Ngc ng - Mi tr-ng khng kh - Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H ni.

A - tro ca than (A = 15%) ; S l hm lng lu hunh = 1,7 % Theo bng trn khi khng c lc bi, c t 1 tn than th s thi ra:75 kg bi (TSP); 33,15 kg SO2; 9,0 kg NOx; 0,3 kg CO. Thi lng cc cht nhim sinh ra khi t than c th tnh ton nh sau:
Lng nhin liu s dng Bi 0,16kg/h 12 Lng pht thi (kg/h) SO2 5,3 NOx 1,44 CO 0,048

* Tc hi ca bi v cc loi kh thi Tc ng ca bi: bi vo phi gy kch thch c hc v pht sinh phn ng s ho phi gy nn nhng bnh v h hp. Bi than to thnh trong qu trnh t nhin liu c cc thnh phn ch yu l cc cht hydrocacbon a vng l cht nhim c c tnh cao v n c kh nng gy bnh ung th. Ngoi ra bi cn c th gy nn nhng tn thng cho da, gic mc mt v cc bnh ng tiu ho. Tc hi ca cc kh axit ( SO2, NO2): - i vi sc kho ca con ngi: Kh SO2, NO2 khi tip xc vi bi to thnh cc ht bi axit l lng, nu kch thc cc ht bi ny nh hn 2-3 m s vo ti ph nang phi, b i thc bo ph hu hoc a n h thng bch huyt.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

Page 26

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- i vi kh hu: Cc cht kh thi axit SO2, NO2, c th to nn cc cn ma axit gy hi cho cc khu vc... gy nh hng xu ti kh hu, h sinh thi cng nh sc kho con ngi. Tc hi ca kh Dioxyt carbon ( CO2). Kh CO2 gy ri lon h hp phi v t bo do chim mt ch ca oxy. Ngoi ra kh CO2 cn l nguyn nhn chnh gy hu qu hiu ng nh knh, lm tng nhit khng kh, to ra cc ri lon v kh hu... gy tc hi cho h sinh thi cng nh sc kho ca con ngi. * Kh thi CO, SO2, NOx, bi v hi xng du do cc phng tin vn chuyn: nh gi thc t c tc ng ca cc hot ng giao thng ca d n n mi trng ta xt iu kin thc t ca tuyn ng chuyn ch, khi lng cng nh phng thc chuyn ch nguyn vt liu v sn phm ca d n. Nguyn liu v sn phm ca Nh my c vn chuyn bng ng b. Tuyn ng giao thng chnh vo D n l Quc l 1A v ng ni b Cm cng nghip l mch giao thng ch o, phc v cho hot ng giao thng, phn phi chuyn ch hng ho t Bc Ninh n ton b cc tnh ln cn. Cht lng mt ng 1A on qua cm cng nghip M ng km, mt xe qua li ng c bit l xe ti chuyn ch nguyn liu v hng ho phc v sn xut cho cm cng nghip ni ring v lng ngh a Hi ni chung nn hot ng ny gy bi, ting n v tc nghn giao thng. Vi iu kin giao thng vn ti ni trn, hot ng chuyn ch ca Nh my gp phn to ra cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng khng kh khu vc. Tuy nhin, cc yu t ny sinh trong giao thng l vn khng th trnh khi v lun lun tn ti cng qu trnh pht trin sn xut. Ting n pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut Ting n pht sinh hu ht trong cc cng on ca dy chuyn sn xut v cng l c trng nhim ca loi hnh c kh. Kh nng pht sinh ting n ca D n khi i vo hot ng l cao. Ta ly kt qu o ting n ti mt s xung sn xut trong cm cng nghip M ng c loi hnh sn xut tng t tham kho th ting n ca Nh my khi i v hot ng c th t 80 - 100 dB nhng khu vc st my cn ko vt qu tiu chun cho php. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 27

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Nh vy, Nh my cn c cc bin php gim thiu nhim ting n khng nh hng n mi trng khu vc xung quanh. b) Mi trng nc - Nc thi sn xut: Nc thi do lm mt my, lm ngui sn phm v nc v sinh nh xng; - Nc ma chy trn b mt ko theo mt s cn l lng - Nc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin * Nc thi t cng on my cn thp: Ch yu l nc lm mt my c cha cn v c, vng du m v vy oxit kim loi. Lng nc thi ny khong 10m3/ngy. Tuy nhin, lng nc ny c a vo b v tun hon ti s dng, hon ton khng thi ra mi trng. * Nc ma chy trn b mt: Lng nc ny ph thuc vo lng ma hng nm ti khu vc. Cht lng ny nhn chung ch cha mt lng cn l lng. Do vy, khi xy dng h thng thot nc ma ch cn xy dng cc h ga lng tch cn, nc sau khi ra h thng thot nc chung m bo t tiu chun v khng gy nhim mi trng nc mt ca khu vc. * Nc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn trong nh my: Tng s cn b, cng nhn ca Nh my khi i vo hot ng sn xut n nh l 52 ngi. Tng lng nc s dng cho sinh hot ca cng nhn khi nh my i vo hot ng sn xut (Vi mc bnh qun s dng 100 lt / ngi ngy): 100 lt x 52 ngi = 5,2 m3 / ngy

Lng nc s dng cho mc ch sinh hot ca Nh my mt ngy m l 5,2 m3. Tnh ton 10 % tiu hao, lng nc thi sinh hot ca Nh my thi ra khong 4,6 m3/ngy m, ch thi lin tc v tng trong cc gi giao ca, ngh ca.. Bng 12: D bo thi lng gy nhim mi trng nc thi (D kin 52 lao ng) TT Thng s n v Khi lng Tng khi lng nhim (kg/ngy) Page 28

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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1 2 3 3 4 5

BOD5 COD Cht l lng Tng nit NH3

g/ngi/ngy g/ngi/ngy g/ngi/ngy g/ngi/ngy

45-54 60-90 6-12 0,4-4 6-12

2,34 - 2,8 3,74 - 4,45 3.12 - 4,68 0.31- 0,62 0,02 - 0,2 0,31 - 0.62

g/ngi/ngy 1,6-1,9 BOD5

Tng pht pho g/ngi/ngy

Lng nc thi sinh hot ny nu khng x l s gy nhim mi trung nc ca khu vc. c) Cht thi rn * Cht thi rn sn sut (CTRSX). CTRSX ca Nh my bao gm cc u mu phi thp tha t cng on ct nh hnh, x than. Lng cht thi ny s c thu gom vo cc thng phi, khng thi ra mi trng nn khng gy nhim mi trng khu vc. Cn c vo lng nguyn liu u vo, cng ngh sn xut ca nh my c th c tnh lng cht thi rn sn xut ny khong 80 tn/nm (t l hao ht nguyn liu l 1%). Lng x than ca Nh my c tnh khong 600 kg/ngy c Nh my thu ch n ni quy nh hoc san lp mt bng, hoc bn li cho cc Nh my sn xut gch, sn xut xi mng. * Cht thi nguy hi(CTNH) i vi cc cht thi nh: mt st, gng tay, gi lau dnh du m, du m thi khong 50kg/ngy ...s c Nh my thu gom, lu gi ring v x l theo quy trnh qun l cht thi nguy hi. * Cht thi rn sinh hot Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn ch yu l thc n d tha, v hp, v chai, ti nilong. c tnh mi ngy mi ngi thi ra mi trng khong 0,5 kg, s lng cn b, cng nhn ca Nh my l 52 ngi nh vy tng lng cht thi rn sinh hot l: 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy x 52 ngi = 26 kg/ngy d)Tc ng n h sinh thi SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 29

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Khi d n c trin khai v i vo hot ng c th pht sinh mt s cht thi nhng nhn chung khng gy nh hng n h sinh thi. Mt khc, ch D n c k hoch trng cy xanh trn din tch chim 17,63% din tch tng mt bng gp phn hp th kh bi, gim ting n v nhit cho khu vc.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG IV BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

4.1 GIAI ON THI CNG D N

4.1.1 Mi trng khng kh. Cc cng on trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng nh: Phun sn, hn kim loi,... hu nh c thc hin ngoi tri. Do , cc cht nhim d dng khuch tn vo mi trng khng kh. Mc d s nhanh chng ho long nhng cng nn p dng cc bin php tm thi hn ch s lan to sang cc khu vc xung quanh, trnh nh hng trc tip n sc kho cng nhn lao ng. Ngoi ra, Nh my s p dng cc bin php sau gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh: - Ti nc b mt t nhng khu vc thi cng, trn cc tuyn ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu gim bi. - Khng s dng cc phng tin chuyn ch t qu c v khng ch nguyn vt liu ri qu y, qu ti v phi c bt che ph trong qu trnh vn chuyn. - Xe vn chuyn t trc khi ra khi cng trng cn ra sch t, ct.... bm xung quanh, trnh pht tn bi ti cc tuyn ng vn chuyn, dn n tnh trng nhim ton khu vc. 4.1.2. Cc bin php gim thiu ting n. gim thiu ting n t my mc, thit b v cc phng tin xe c gii, d n s p dng cc bin php sau: + Kim tra mc n ca thit b, nu mc n ln hn gii hn cho php th phi lp cc thit b gim m; + Khng s dng cc thit b c, lc hu c kh nng gy n cao;

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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+ Gim ting n trn ng lan truyn bng bin php trng cc di cy xanh c l um tm va m bo trong sch mi trng va c th gim c mt phn s lan truyn ting n n mi trng xung quanh. Ngoi ra, hn ch s nh hng ca ting n trong qu trnh xy dng n hot ng ca khu vc xung quanh, cc my mc gy ting n ln nh ba my, my o, my khoan,... s khng nn vn hnh vo ban m trnh tc ng n sinh hot ca nhn dn trong khu vc. 4.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu rung ng. Rung ng c th gim thiu bng cc bin php sau: + Bin php kt cu: Cn bng my, lp cc b tt chn ng lc,.... + Bin php cng ngh: S dng vt liu phi kim loi, thay th nguyn l lm vic kh nn bng thu kh, thay i ch ti lm vic,... + Bin php dng cc kt cu n hi gim rung nh hp du gim chn, gi n hi kim loi, m n hi kim loi, gi n hi cao su, m n hi cao su.... c lp gia my v b my ng thi c nh k kim tra hoc thay th, hoc c loi c lp c nh trn my v c xem nh l mt b phn hoc chi tit ca my: Gh li gim rung, tay nm cch rung, c loi li lun c lp v nm ngoi my nh sn cch rung, tay kp gim rung.... + Bin php s dng cc dng c c nhn chng rung ... m c s ca nhng bin php ny l c da trn nguyn tc lm suy gim nng lng rung trong qu trnh lan truyn v sao cho rung ng khi truyn ti c th con ngi cng nh mi trng xung quanh l mc cho php. Trong qu trnh xy dng khch sn, i vi nhng hng mc cng trnh nm cnh c s khc s c cc bin php o ho, ct xung quanh khu vc ng cc hn ch s lan truyn chn ng. 4.1.4 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc. Cc nh hng n mi trng nc trong giai on ny do hot ng ca cc xe san i t, xe ch nguyn vt liu, nc thi xy dng, nc thi sinh hot. Bin php khng ch nhim mi trng nc bao gm: a) i vi nc thi sinh hot: SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 32

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+ Gim thiu nc thi bng vic tng cng tuyn dng nhn cng trong khu vc xy dng, c iu kin t tc n . T chc hp l nhn lc trong cc giai on thi cng xy dng. + Trong khu vc cng trng xy dng, s xy dng nh v sinh cng cng vi b t hoi. Nh v sinh cng cng phi cch xa ngun nc s dng v cng trnh v sinh c xy dng theo ng tiu chun, quy phm cng nh cc quy nh v sinh ca B Y t v b Xy dng. + Thng xuyn kim tra, no vt, khng bn t, rc xm nhp vo ng thot nc thi. ng thot nc thi sinh hot tm thi s c a vo tuyn quy hoch hay h thng thot nc tu theo tng giai on thc hin xy dng D n. Phi m bo nguyn tc khng gy nh hng n h thng thot nc thi chung ca khu vc. b) i vi nc ma v nc thi thi cng. + Nc ma t khu trn vt liu c dn vo h thng thu gom ring, x l qua song chn rc, h ga lng cn trc khi thot vo h thng chung. + Xy dng h thng thot nc thi cng v vch tuyn phn vng thot nc ma. Cc tuyn thot nc ma m bo tiu thot trit , khng gy ng ngp trong sut qu trnh xy dng v khng gy nh hng n kh nng thot thi ca cc khu vc bn ngoi. + Cc tuyn thot nc ma, nc thi thi cng c thc hin ph hp vi quy hoch thot nc ca khu vc. + Khng tp trung cc loi nguyn vt liu gn, cnh cc tuyn thot nc ngn nga tht thot vo ng thot thi. Thng xuyn kim tra, no vt, khi thng khng ph thi xy dng xm nhp vo ng thot nc gy tc nghn. 4.1.5. Cc bin php qun l CTR. - Thc hin tt phn loi CTR sinh hot v xy dng trong giai on xy dng. Hn ch cc ph thi pht sinh trong thi cng. Tn dng trit cc loi ph liu xy dng phc v cho chnh hot ng xy dng. Rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng v cc ph liu xy dng s c tp trung ring bit

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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ti cc bi cha quy nh cch xa ngun nc ang s dng v thu cc n v c chc nng chuyn n ni quy nh. - Xy dng ln tri tm cng vi nh v sinh di ng, h thng cp thot nc tm thi, trnh tnh trng nc t ng, m bo v sinh mi trng cho cng nhn v cn b. Lp ni quy v sinh ti cc ln tri, gio dc cng nhn c thc gn gi v sinh v bo v mi trng. 4.1.7 Cc gii php an ton VSL v phng chng s c mi trng. a) Cc gii php an ton VSL. Trong qu trnh tin hnh xy dng c th xy ra tai nn lao ng. Do , tt c cng nhn tham gia trn cng trng xy dng u phi c hc tp v cc quy nh an ton v sinh lao ng. Cc cng nhn trc tip thi cng vn hnh my mc phi c o to thc hnh, bao gm: - Cung cp, ph bin cc a ch lin h trong trng hp khn cp: Bnh vin, cng an PCCC.... - Ph bin cc ti liu hng dn thao tc vn hnh my mc an ton. - Cc thit b my mc phi c kim tra nh k. - C h thng n chiu sng phc v thi cng cho nhng ni cn lm vic v ban m. - Phi c ro chn, cc bin bo nguy him ti nhng ni c kh nng ri, ng, in git. - Cung cp y cc trang thit b phng h c nhn nh m bo h, gng tay, khu trang, knh hn,.... v phi c nhng quy nh nghim ngt v s dng . - Ln tri tm cho cng nhn phi thong mt, hp v sinh, c nh tm, nh v sinh y , c trm y t cp pht thuc men v s cu tai nn. - Che chn nhng khu vc pht sinh bi v dng xe ti nc ti ng v cc loi vt liu nh trn b tng chng bi..... - Truyn b trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng ti cc phng, khu dn c ln cn v cc tc hi ca kh c hi, ting n, rung,... dng khu trang, bt chn, nt bng tai. b/ Cc gii php phng chng s c mi trng v trt t tr an.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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hn ch mc thp nht nhng s c xy ra trong hot ng thi cng dn n s c mi trng, ch d n s p dng cc gii php k thut cng nh nng cao nng lc qun l, c th nh sau: - Lp t thit b cha chy theo ng tiu chun quy phm (TCVN 2622-95) ti cc khu vc c nguy c chy n. - Lp t thit b an ton cho ng dy ti in v thit b tiu th in. - nh k kim tra mc tin cy ca cc thit b an ton (Bo chy, cha chy, chng st, automat..) v c bin php kp thi thay th. - ra cc ni quy lao ng, hng dn c th v vn hnh, an ton cho my mc, thit b, ng thi kim tra cht ch v c bin php x l i vi cc c nhn, n v vi phm. - Trong khu vc cng trng cn c ngi bo v thng xuyn hn ch trm cp v gii quyt cc vn nh trm cp ti sn, tai nn giao thng... - Tun tra thng xuyn, c nhng quy nh nghim cm t nn x hi ti khu vc ln tri.
4.2 CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM MI TRNG KHI D N I VO HOT NG

4.2.1 Bin php tng th khng ch v gim thiu cc tc ng ca hot ng sn xut n mi trng, Nh my s p dng ng b nhiu bin php khc nhau trong c vic gii quyt tt quy hoch tng th ngay t khi thnh lp D n. Khi quy hoch b tr mt bng cho cc dy chuyn d n s ch trng n nhng vn mi trng theo cc hng chnh: + La chn cng ngh: m bo yu cu sn xut v hiu sut gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng, Cng ty la chn dy chuyn cng ngh ng b, hin i, t cht thi v u t h thng x l cht thi ng b. + B tr hp l cc khu vc trong Nh my: Thit k ca D n s quan tm n vic quy hoch cc khu vc c kh nng gy nhim l khu nh xng sn xut ring bit.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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+ Khong cch b tr cc cng trnh Khong cch b tr gia cc cng trnh l yu t quan trng v n l yu t m bo cho s thng thong gia cc cng trnh. Mt khc, khong cch hp l s loi tr hay hn ch s lan truyn, gim nng cht nhim, chng ly lan ho hon, d ng cu khi c s c khn cp xy ra. 4.2.2 Cc bin php k thut 4.2.2.1 Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh Nh trnh by trn, qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca Nh my s c nhng nh hng nht nh i vi cht lng mi trng khng kh. Bin php hiu qu nht khng ch gim thiu nhim do kh thi l khng ch nhim ngay ti ngun pht sinh ra chng, Nh my s thc hin cc bin php nh sau: * i vi cc loi kh, bi thi trong qu trnh sn xut : Bi, kh thi ca Nh my ch yu pht sinh t khu vc l nung v nhin liu ch yu t t than. Cc kh thi pht sinh bao gm: CO2, CO, SO2, NO2 v hi oxit kim loi. gim thiu cc kh c hi ny c th xy dng h thng hp th s dng dung dch hp th l NaOH. Nguyn l v m hnh h thng hp th c m t nh sau: Hnh 2: S cng ngh x l kh thi ca h thng l nung

ng khi
- Bi - SO2 - CO

L nung

Qut ht

Qut ht

B dung dch NaOH

Cn

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Bi v kh thi t l nung c qua knh dn kh thi v qut ht sc vo b dung dch xt (NaOH). Ti y bi c gi li, kh thi CO2, SO2, NO2... s c hp th bi dung dch NaOH. Kh thi sau khi qua b m bo t tiu chun mi trng v c ht qua ng khi thi ra ngoi mi trng. B sung thm NaOH, nh k thu gom cn lng ti b lng v x l theo quy trnh x l CTNH. Trong : - B c dung tch : 8m3 xy dng mi chiu 2m - ng khi cao 12 m * Thi gian hon thnh cng trnh x l bi v kh thi. Cc thit b x l kh thi lo nung ca nh my cn c ch D n thc hin trong qu trnh lp t thit b my mc v hon thnh trc khi nh my i vo hot ng. Ch u t bo co bng vn bn cho cc c quan QLNN v BVMT v cng tc lp t thit b gim thiu mi nha cc c quan chc nng tin hnh kim tra nghim thu trc khi a nh my vo hot ng chnh thc. * i vi bi, cc kh CO,SO2, NOx... do cc phng tin vn chuyn: c trng nhim do cc phng tin giao thng gy ra l bi, kh CO, SO2, NOx, hyrocacbon. Thc t y l ngun nhim thp, lun lun di chuyn rt kh kim sot, phng php hu hiu nht gim thiu nhim l bo dng my mc thit b thng xuyn, nng cao cht lng ng giao thng v trng cy xanh hai bn ng. 4.2.2.2 Khng ch ting n, rung gim mc n, d n s p dng cc bin php sau: - Trng cy xanh: Khi c di cy xanh n s gim i do tc dng ca cc di cy ny. Nh my s trng cy xanh xung quanh Nh my gim mc n lan truyn ra bn ngoi Nh my. - Trang b phng tin bo h lao ng chng ting n cho cng nhn phi lm vic nhiu thi gian nhng khu vc c ting n cao. - Kim tra cn bng my khi lp t, kim tra mn chi tit v thng k cho du bi trn.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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- nh k kim tra n pht hin s tng t bin ting n c cc bin php hn ch ting n tt hn.

4.2.2.3 Gim nhit trong nh xng gim nhit trong mi trng lao ng, Nh my s dng cc bin php sau: - B tr cc qut ht c cng sut ln lu thng khng kh trong khu vc sn xut. - Thit k nh xng c thng thong cn thit lu thng khng kh gia cc khu vc sn xut c nhit cao.

S 3 : S nguyn l ca h thng thng gi t nhin - Trng cy xanh xung quanh khu vc sn xut v xung quanh Nh my to bng mt. - C trang b bo h lao ng c bit cho cc cng nhn thao tc trc l nung, ng thi phi c ch bi dng c hi c bit cho cc cng nhn ny. *Thi gian hon thnh cng trnh gim thiu nhim do nhit.Cc bin php thng thong nh xng, b tr cc qut ht cn c thit k v thc hin trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng. D n phi m bo hon thnh cc cng trnh ny trc khi a D n vo hot ng sn xut.

4.2.2.4 Gim thiu nhim mi trng nc SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 38

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* Gim thiu nhim do nc thi sinh hot Tng lng nc thi sinh hot ca Nh my c tnh khong 5 m3/ngy, trong 40% nc ra chn tay l nc tng i sch c tch ting cho chy vo h thng thot nc khu vc, 60% lng nc cn li t cc cng trnh v sinh c nng cht nhim cao s c x l bng b t hoi 3 ngn trc khi thi ra h thng thot nc ca khu vc.

Nc thi sinh hot

NGN 1 - iu ho - Lng - Phn hu sinh hc

NGN 2 - Lng, phn hu sinh hc

NGN 3 - Lng - Chy trn

Nc thi SH c x l

S 4 : Cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot bng b pht 3 ngn Nguyn tc hot ng ca loi cng trnh ny l lng cn v phn hu, ln men cn lng hu c. Trong khu vc Nh my, khu v sinh s dng b t hoi loi 3 ngn t tiu chun quy nh v kch thc v khi lng. Phn cn c lu li phn hu k kh trong b, phn nc c thot vo h thng thot nc thi chung ton nh my. Ngoi ra, mt s bin php sau y s c thc hin: - nh k (6 thng/ln) b xung ch phm vi sinh vo b t hoi nng cao hiu qu lm sch ca cng trnh. - Trnh khng ri vi dung mi hu c, xng du, x phng ... xung b t hoi. Cc cht ny lm thay i mi trng sng ca cc vi sinh vt, do gim hiu qu x l ca b t hoi. Nc thi sinh hot phi c x l t gii hn cho php theo TCVN 6772 - 2000, mc III
* Tnh ton b t hoi:

+ Th tch phn cha nc: V1 = d.Q = 3 x 5 x 60% = 9 m3 Trong : Q : Lu lng nc thi (3 m3/ngy m) d : Thi gian lu (chn d = 3 ngy) + Th tch phn cha bn: b.N SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 39

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Vb = Trong :

m3

1.000 b : Tiu chun tnh ngn cha bn (50lt/ngi) N : S cng nhn. 52 x 50 Vb = = 2,6 m3 1.000

- Th tch b t hoi: V= V1 + Vb = 9 + 2,6 = 11,6 m3 Trong khu vc Nh my s b tr 02 khu v sinh, cc khu v sinh u s dng b t hoi loi 3 ngn mi b t hoi c th tch l 06 m3.
* Gim thiu nhim do nc thi sn xut

Cc bin php sau y s c p dng gim nng cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut:

2
Thi ra mi trng

B cha nc lm mt

B lc ct

S 5 : M hnh tun hon nc ca Nh my Nc lm mt my s c a vo b cha 1. c trng ch yu ca nc thi ny l nhit cao, cha cc cn rn kim loi v vng du m. Lng cn trong nc s c gom li trong cc ng thu cn y b 1 v thu cc n v c chc nng x l theo quy trnh x l nc thi nguy hi. Nc c SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 40

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chy trn sang b 2 v c bm tun hon phc v qu trnh lm mt. Lng nc chy trn ti b 2 s qua b lc ct trc khi thi vo h thng thot nc chung ca Cm cng nghip. B tun hon c thit k 2 ngn (b 1, b2) c th tch mi b l 12m3 B lc ct c th tch 2m3 * Nc ma chy trn D n thit k h thng rnh xung quanh cc hng mc cng trnh thu gom nc ma. Nc ma trc khi ra ngoi Nh my s c qua h ga thu gom cc cht rn l lng, cc cn kim loi. nh k kim tra, no vt h thng dn nc ma, kim tra pht hin hng hc sa cha kp thi. *Thi gian hon thnh cng trnh x l H thng thot nc ma v nc thi cn phi hon thnh trc khi nh my i vo sn xut. Ch u t s mi cc c quan QLNN v bo v mi trng tin hnh nghim thu v kim tra trc khi trm x l nc thi i vo hot ng. 4.2.2.5 Bin php gim thiu tc ng ti mi trng ca cht thi rn Lng CTR sinh hot ca D n vo nm hot ng n nh c tnh 26kg/ngy. CTR sinh hot cha ch yu l cht hu c d phn hu, s khng nguy hi i vi mi trng nu c bin php x l kp thi. CTR sinh hot ca Nh my c cha trong thng nha c np y kn, c b tr ngay ti cc ni pht sinh v s c thu gom. Cc loi CTR sn xut ca D n l cc u mu phi tha t cng on ct nh hnh c th tn dng, thu gom vo cc thng phi, nh k bn li cho cc c s ch. Cc loi gi lau, gng tay dnh du m, du m thi khi bo dng, r thp t qu trnh cn ko thp, cn t h thng x l kh thi, cn thu t cc b lng nc tun hon c tnh khong 10kg/ngy ... l CTNH c thu gom v x l theo quy trnh qun l cht thi nguy hi. D n s k hp ng vi nhng n v c chc nng ti khu vc vn chuyn v x l CTR sinh hot ti ni qui nh.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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4.3 Cc bin php phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng 4.3.1 Bin php phng chng chy n. phng nga kh nng chy n cc thit b in, nh my phi ban hnh v thc hin nghim ngt cc qui nh v phng chng chy n. Mt s bin php chnh v tng qut nh sau: - D n lp phng n PCCC cho Nh my, trnh cng an PCCC tnh Bc Ninh ph duyt v thm nh theo qui nh ca php lut. - Khu vc kho cha nguyn liu, sn phm c thit k v lp t theo ng quy nh ca cng an PCCC. Cc khu vc bn trong nh xng phi thong, nhiu ca s v li thot him theo tiu chun TCVN 2622-78 qui nh. Phi c h thng thng gi t nhin hoc cc b. - ng ni b trong Nh my v gia cc khu sn xut m bo thng sut cho phng tin cha chy thao tc, m bo cho cc tia nc t vi rng xe cu ho c th khng ch c bt k la pht sinh v tr no trong nh my. - Lun b tr y cc dng c thit b phng chy cha chy ti ch v lun t chng trong tnh trng sn sng lm vic. - Cm ht thuc l, bt la... trong khu vc d chy n (bi xe, khu vn phng, kho lu tr ti liu, nhin liu...) v m bo khong cch ly an ton. Phng chy cc thit b in Cc thit b in phi tnh ton dy dn c tit din hp l vi cng dng, phi c thit b bo v khi qu ti. Nhng khu vc nhit cao, dy in phi i ngm hoc c bo v k. H thng dn in, chiu sng c thit k ring bit, tch ri khi cc cng trnh khc nhm d dng trong sa cha, chng chp mch dn n chy n theo phn ng dy chuyn. Thng xuyn kim tra h thng dy in trong ton khu vc hot ng ca nh my. Hp cu dao phi kn, cu dao tip in tt.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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Mt vn quan trng l nh my phi t chc thc phng chy, cha chy tt cho ton th cn b CNV. T chc nh k thao din cu ho vi s cng tc cht ch ca cc c quan phng chy cha chy chuyn nghip. 4.3.2 Bin php m bo an ton lao ng. Nh my phi trang b y cc trang phc cn thit nh: qun o bo h lao ng, m, gng tay, knh bo v mt, ng.... Nh my phi m bo v sinh mi trng lao ng cho ngi cng nhn. C th nh: Mi trng lm vic phi thng thong m bo lng khng kh sch ti thiu cho cng nhn; m bo nng cc cht c hi trong phn xng di mc tiu chun cho php. H chiu sng phi hot ng tt t c cc qui nh v chiu sng cho cng nhn lao ng trong phn xng thuc loi ny. Cng nhn vn hnh phi c hng dn v thc tp qui trnh x l theo ng quy tc an ton. Cc dng c v thit b cng nh nhng a ch cn thit lin h khi xy ra s c cn c ch th r rng.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG V CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG Nhm gim thiu nhng ngun gy nhim mi trng do qu trnh gi phng mt bng, thi cng v vn hnh cng trnh, ch u t D n cam kt BVMT nh sau: Chp hnh nghim chnh cc iu khon qui nh trong Lut Mi trng c Quc hi Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005. Thc hin nghim chnh cc bin php phng chng, gim thiu nhim mi trng v ri ro mi trng nh trnh by chng IV. Chp hnh s gim st mi trng ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Bc Ninh trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh D n nh k thc hin quan trc, gim st cht lng mi trng, bo co bng vn bn v cc c quan QLNN v BVMT theo qui nh ca php lut. Dng hot ng sn xut khi xy ra s c v mi trng, h thng x l cht thi khng hot ng hoc hot ng khng hiu qu, gy nhim mi trng. Khi c nhu cu m rng, ci to v nng cp vi quy m v cc hng mc khng thuc ni dung bo co TM c thm nh th Ch u t phi bo co bng vn bn vi S TN v MT Bc Ninh c hng dn b sung vo bo co TM theo qui nh ca php lut. Chu trch nhim trc php lut Vit Nam nu vi phm cc tiu chun Vit Nam hc xy ra s c v mi trng.

CHNG VI SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 44

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CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

6.1 DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG

- H thng thu gom nc ma - B lng nc tun hon sn xut - H thng x l kh thi l nung - H thng x l nc thi sinh hot - Trng cy xanh 6.2 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 6.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng Theo Lut bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam trong cc giai on trc khi xy dng, xy dng v vn hnh cc d n th Ch d n cng vi cc n v c lin quan trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh D n phi thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng. 6.2.1.1 T chc nhn s cho qun l mi trng - Trong qu trnh xy dng, chng trnh tun th cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng s c tin hnh bi mt gim st k thut ca d n. Gim st k thut trong qu trnh xy dng cng chu trch nhim quan trc v bo co v vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu. - Khi D n i vo hot ng, Nh my s thnh lp mt phng chc nng v c mt cn b k thut chuyn trch v mi trng v v sinh an ton lao ng thc hin cng tc lp k hoch qun l, gim st v bo co kt qu thc hin bo v mi trng ca Nh my. 6.2.1.2 Chng trnh qun l nhim mi trng Qun l tt sn xut l mt trong nhng gii php tch cc v hiu qu kim sot nhim mi trng. Nh phn tch trn cho thy cc ch tiu quan trng nh gi mc hon thin hiu qu ca mt cng ngh sn xt l ch tiu nh mc thp v tiu hao nguyn liu, nng lng v cht thi tnh cho mt n v sn phm. Nh my s c phng php qun l sn xut SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 45

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thch hp sao cho khuyn khch cng nhn vn hnh gim c ch tiu nh mc ti thiu. V d, nu phn u gim c lng nc tiu hao xung s gim c chi ph khai thc, chi ph x l ngun nc v quan trng hn l gim c lng thi, do s gim c nhim mi trng, gim chi ph cho x l khng ch v gim lng nguyn liu, nng lng tiu hao Nh my xut thc hin mt s bin php sau: - Khuyn khch thng vt cht nu trong qu trnh vn hnh gim c nh mc tiu hao, ng thi x pht kinh t nu lng ph, tiu hao nng lng, nguyn liu, ho cht. - Hc tp trao i kinh nghim, thng tin v i mi cng ngh sn xut v x l cht thi vi cc c s trong v ngoi nc; thng xuyn nghin cu p dng cc bin php v cc cng ngh mi gim thiu tc ng n mi trng trong qu trnh sn xut. - Cn b mi trng phi xut cc chng trnh phi hp vi cc n v c chc nng x l cht thi pht sinh ti Nh my, gim st mi trng nh k, lp bo co v kt qu quan trc ca Nh my. Nu thng s mi trng no vt tiu chun cho php phi xut cc bin php khc phc vi lnh o doanh nghip. 6.2.1.3 Cng tc gio dc mi trng - Gio dc cho mi ngi thc bo v mi trng lao ng nhn thc mi trng sng, mi trng lm vic cn c bo v trc ht v bn thn mi ngi, xem mi trng l ti sn cn bo v. - Phi hp vi cc c quan qun l mi trng ca a phng c k hoch t chc cc lp tp hun v mi trng mi ngi t lnh o ti cng nhn trc tip lao ng nm c cc ni dung c bn ca Lut Bo v mi trng v nghim chnh t gic chp hnh. - Gio dc thc tit kim, s dng hp l, c hiu qu ngun ti nguyn thin nhin nh nguyn liu, nng lng, t ai v ngun nc.

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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- Gio dc cn b cng nhn vin thc bo v mi trng v sinh cng nghip trong v ngoi Nh my. Thc hin thng xuyn cc chng trnhv sinh, qun l cht thi ca Nh my. - Cng vi cc n v sn xut kinh doanh khc trong khu vc d n tham gia tch cc v thc hin k hoch bo v mi trng khu vc, hn ch ti a cc nhim, theo quy nh v hng dn ca cc cp chuyn mn c thm quyn ti a phng. - n c, gio dc cn b cng nhn thc hin cc quy nh v an ton lao ng, phng chng chy n, thc hin vic kim tra sc kho dnh k. 6.2.1.3 Bo co k hoch qun l mi trng + nh gi s thnh cng ca cc hot ng bo v mi trng ti cc khu vc thc hin d n so snh vi cc d on a ra. + nh gi r rng xem khung KHQLMT c y khng. Nu c kt lun khung KHQLMT khng y , trnh by r l do v a ra kin ngh cho vic hon thin khung KHQLMT. R sot li cc s liu v thng tin thu thp c, phn tch s liu, bo co v d tho ngn sch. + Cc bo co k hoch qun l mi trng s bao gm mt lot cc chnh sch v hnh chnh v cc tho thun hp ng bao gm: 6.2.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng. a/ Giai on thi cng d n. - Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh + V tr gim st: 03 v tr + Ch tiu gim st: m, bi tng s, ting n, tc gi, H2S, NO2, SO2, O3, hi Pb, hi dung mi hu c . - Gim st cht lng nc mt khu vc d n: + V tr gim st: 03 v tr + Thng s gim st: pH, Oxy ho tan, Cu, Mn, As, COD, Cd, Pb, St, BOD5, amoni, nitrit. - Tn sut gim st: 03 thng/1 ln. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 47

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b/ Giai on D n i vo hot ng * Gim st mi trng khng kh: - Trong khu vc sn xut + Cc ch tiu gim st: Theo tiu chun so snh Tiu chun 3733/2002/BYT- Q + V tr gim st: 03 v tr - Khu vc xung quanh Nh my + Cc ch tiu gim st: Theo tiu chun so snh TCVN 5937,5938/2005 + V tr gim st: 02 v tr * Gim st cht lng nc thi - Nc thi sinh hot + Cc ch tiu gim st: Theo TCVN 6772/2002 + V tr gim st: 01 v tr sau h thng x l - Tn sut gim st: 2 ln/nm - Tng kinh ph gim st d kin l 12.000.000 ng/nm

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG VII D TON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG

7.1. D ton kinh ph xy dng h thng thot n-c m-a

Bng 13 : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng h thng thot n-c m-a

TT 1 Ni dung M-ng gch kn 400 x 600 n v m Tng
7.2. D ton kinh ph xy dng h thng cp n-c sch

KL-ng 200

n v tnh : Nghn ng n gi Thnh tin

300

60.000 60.000

Bng14 : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng h thng cp n-c sch

n v tnh : Nghn ng

STT
1 2 3

Ni dung
Trm bm, x l n-c -ng ng thp trng km D80 Hng n-c cu ho

n v
m3 m hng

KL-ng n gi
30 120 6 1000 200 900

Thnh tin
30.000 24.000 5.400
59.400

Tng Thu VAT 5 %

Tng gi tr ton b cng trnh
7.3. D ton kinh ph xy dng h thng x l n-c thi

5.940
65.340

Bng 15 : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng h thng XLTH

n v tnh : Nghn ng TT 1 2 Ni dung Bm B n v Chic m3 KL-ng 01 30 n gi 15.000 3.000 Thnh tin 15.000 90.000

Tng Thu VAT 5 %

Tng gi tr ton b cng trnh

105.000 10.500
115.5000

- Kinh ph xy dng h thng XLNTSH: 12 triu ng ( 02 b t hoi)

7.4. D ton kinh ph h thng x l kh thi

Bng 16 : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng h thng x l kh thi

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TT 1 2 3

Ni dung Qut ht B Chp ht

n v Chic m3 Chic

n v tnh : Nghn ng KL-ng n gi Thnh tin 02 15.000 30.000 08 1.000 8.000 01 5.000 5.000

Tng Thu VAT 5 %

Tng gi tr ton b cng trnh
7.5 D ton kinh ph u t- trng cy xanh: 50 triu ng 7.6 Tng kinh ph cc cng trnh x l mi tr-ng :

43.000 4.300
47.300

350.140.000 ng

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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CHNG VIII CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU V PHNG PHP NH GI

8.1 NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU

8.1.1 Ngun s liu, d liu tham kho 1. GS.TS. Trn Ngc Trn. nhim khng kh v x l kh thi tp 1,2,3. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H ni, 3/2001. 2. Trn Hiu Nhu. Thot nc v x l nc thi cng nghip Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H ni, 3/2001. 3. Nin gim thng k tnh Bc Ninh nm 2006. 4. Sch tra cu v phng php v tip cn - lp bo co hin trng mi trng - B Mi trng Canada 5. V Th Kim Tuyn v nnk Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cm cng nghip Chu Kh, T Sn, Bc Ninh H Ni, 2001. 6. Hong Kim C K thut Mi trng Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2001 7. S tay an ton, v sinh v chm sc sc khe trn cng trng xy dngNXB xy dng, ca T chc Lao ng Quc t. 8. Ths. L Ngc Minh. Qun l an ton, sc kho, mi trng lao ng v phng chng chy n doanh nghip. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni 6/2006. 8.1.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu ch d n to lp - H s thit k c s ca D n - Thuyt minh D n u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi t Pht
8.2 PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN TM

8.2.1. Phng php k tha. Khai thc v k tha cc kt qu iu tra hin trng mi trng hng nm ca tnh, cc bo co khoa hc v hin trng mi trng tnh Bc Ninh ca cc Vin v cc Trung tm nghin cu. Thu thp s liu cc yu t v ngun lc pht trin kinh t x hi tc ng ti mi trng ca tnh, huyn, x. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 51

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8.2.2. Phng php kho st thc a. Trn c s iu kin a l t nhin, pht trin kinh t x hi cc ngnh, iu tra kho st thc a, thu thp cc thng tin mi nht v hin trng kinh t x hi cc ngnh. Lm vic vi cc c quan, ban ngnh ca tnh, Th x v huyn l thu thp s liu thc t v pht trin kinh t x hi tng lnh vc l c s phn tch phc v cho nh gi din bin mi trng cc lnh vc. 8.2.3. Phng php chuyn gia. Trn c s cc s liu thu thp c, tp hp chuyn gia cc ngnh xy dng quy hoch v lp cc k hoch BVMT. 8.2.4. Phng php d bo. Trn c s cc s liu thu thp c v da vo cc ti liu c th d bo thi lng nhim do d n gy ra trong qu trnh xy dng c s h tng v trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n. T cc chuyn gia t vn c nhng k hoch, bin php can thip gim thiu nhim mi trng. 8.2.5. Phng php phn tch h thng. Tp hp cc s liu thu thp v cc kt qu phn tch, o c khu vc v trong phng th nghim. Phn tch cng ngh thi cng, phng tin thi cng trn cng trng t rt ra c im nh hng n mi trng ca vic xy dng d n v s hot ng ca d n. 8.2.6. Phng php tng hp Tng hp cc s liu thu thp c, so vi tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam, rt ra nhng kt lun v nh hng ca hot ng u t xy dng cng trnh v vn hnh cng trnh n mi trng, ng thi xut cc bin php gim thiu tc ng nhim mi trng. 8.3 nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng on cn b iu tra tin hnh trc tip ti hin trng khu vc thc hin d n, ly mu v phn tch theo TCVN hin hnh. Cc thit b phn tch trong phng th nghim c kim chun v c chnh xc cao. SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1 Page 52

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KT LUN V KIN NGH I. KT LUN D n u t xy dng nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca do Cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi t Pht lm ch u t c thc hin trn khu t c din tch 1.907 m2 ti cm cng nghip M ng, x nh Bng, T Sn, Bc Ninh. D n ra i gp phn p ng nhu cu trong tnh v cc sn phm thp, tng thu nhp, to cng n vic lm n nh cho nhiu lao ng a phng v khu vc ln cn, gp phn vo cng cuc cng nghip ho, hin i ho tnh Bc Ninh. Qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh cng trnh s gy ra mt s tc ng tiu cc i vi cc yu t ti nguyn mi trng, kinh t - x hi ca khu vc. Tuy nhin, nhng tc ng ny c th kim sot c. Ch u t s phi hp vi cc n v thi cng, chnh quyn v nhn dn a phng thc hin nhng bin php gim thiu nhim ti u nht c xut trong bo co. II. KIN NGH Ch D n knh ngh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Bc Ninh, Hi ng thm nh Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng tnh Bc Ninh xem xt v ph duyt bn Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca D n u t xy dng Nh xng cn ko thp cng sut 50 tn/ca ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi t Pht. Ch d n ngh cc c quan QLNN v BVMT tnh Bc Ninh to iu kin hng dn v gim st Ch u t thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim, thc hin cng tc quan trc nh k theo ng cc ni dung cam kt trong Bo co TM./

SVTH : Nhm SV 07CLC1

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