Lap Trinh Mang - Full (Hieu3210)

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CHNG 1- GII THIU V TCP/IP

1.1 Tng qut v TCP/IP.
Gii thiu Lp Network Lp Transport (TCP vUDP) Lp Appication
1.2 Cc giao thc v dch v trn Internet. 1.3 Gii thiu mt s ng dng mng
Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

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Tng qut v TCP/IP
Mt s c tnh :
- c lp v hnh thi ca mng. - c lp v phn cng ca mng. - Cc chun giao thc m. - M hnh a ch ton cu. - Nn tng client/server mnh m. - Cc chun v giao thc ng dng mnh m.

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Gii thiu
OSI TCP/IP
Application Presentation Session Applications layer Telnet FTP SMTP DNS SNMP
Transport layer (host level) Transport
TCP
UDP
ICMP
Network Internet layer (gateway level) ARP IP
Data link Physical
Network interface layer
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI
WANs

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TCP/IP and OSI model

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application Xc nhn quyn, nn d liu v cc dch v cho ngi dng. Transport X l d liu gia cc h thng v cung cp vic truy cp cho cc ng dng thng qua th vin BSD socket. Network Tm ng cho cc packet. Link Mc OS hoc cc thit b giao tip mng trn mt my tnh.

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Nhng im khc gia OSI v TCP/IP

Lp ng dng trong TCP/IP x l cc chc nng ca cc lp 5,6, v 7 trong m hnh OSI Lp transport trong TCP/IP cung cp c ch UDP truyn d liu khng tin cy, khc vi lp transport trong m hnh OSI l lun m bo d liu truyn tin cy

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TCP/IP
TCP/IP l mt tp ca cc protocols (mt b giao thc) nh ngha cch thc truyn d liu qua mi trng Internet TCP/IP l tn ca m hnh mng c ghp gia hai giao thc chnh trong mng l TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) v IP (Internet Protocol)

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TCP/IP v mng Internet

Mt lin mng(internet) dng TCP/IP c xem nh l mt mng n kt ni cc my tnh vi nhiu loi Mng Internet l s kt ni gia cc mng vt l c lp thng qua cc thit b lin mng Vi m hnh TCP/IP, cc mng khc nhau kt ni vi nhau c xem nh l mt mng ln ng nht, khng quan tm n s khc nhau gia cc thit b vt l hay mi trng Mi my kt ni vo mng xem nh kt ni n mt mng lun l, khng quan tm n mng vt l
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An Internet according to TCP/IP
McGraw-Hill
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001

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TCP/IP v OSI
TCP/IP c xy dng trc m hnh OSI nn cc lp trong b giao thc TCP/IP khng hon ton ging vi b giao thc trong m hnh OSI. C 4 lp trong m hnh TCP/IP lp transport, TCP/IP nh ngha hai protocol l TCP v UDP. lp network, protocol chnh l IP v c cc protocol khc h tr vic truyn d liu lp physical & data link, TCP/IP khng nh ngha protocol no, khng ph thuc vo phn cng bn di Mt mng trong mt lin mng TCP/IP c th l mng LAN, MAN hoc WAN.
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ng gi d liu trong TCP/IP

1. n v d liu trong lp ng dng gi l message 2. Giao thc TCP v UDP to ra mt n v d liu tng ng l segment v user datagram. 3. n v d liu trong lp IP c gi l datagram 4. Datagram phi c ng gi (encapsulate) trong mt frame truyn trn mng vt l 5. Frame s c truyn theo dng tn hiu trn ng truyn vt l
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ng gi d liu trong TCP/IP

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Lp Network
Ni dung:
- Lp Internet - a ch IP - Cc nh a ch, phn mng con - Cc giao thc ph trong lp Network

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Lp Internet
M hnh TCP/IP cung cp giao thc lin mng (internetwork protocol -IP), l mt c ch truyn d liu khng tin cy v khng kt ni (connectionless) Cc giao thc h tr cho vic truyn d liu bao gm: ARP, RARP, ICMP v IGMP.

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Internetwork Protocol (IP)

Giao thc IP khng tin cy (unreliable) v khng cung cp c ch kim tra li hay tracking. IP xem nh lp bn di s thc hin vic truyn nhn mt cch tt nht, khng c s m bo Nu cc dch v cn c ch truyn tin cy th kt hp vi giao thc tin cy TCP. Tng t nh h thng bu in
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IP (tt)
IP ct d liu ra thnh cc gi. cc gi gi l datagrams, v mi gi c truyn c lp
Datagram c th i theo cc ng khc nhau v c th n khng ng th t hoc trng nhau. IP khng gi thng tin ng i cng nh khng sp xp li cc gi li khi chng n IP l mt dch v connectionless, n khng khi to Virtual Circuits v khng c s thng bo n phn t nhn

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Datagram

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IP Datagram

Version. Version number of IP current version is 4 (0100 in binary). HLEN. Header length. The HLEN field defines the length of the header in multiple of 4 bytes ( 0 - 15 # maximum 60 bytes) Service type. The service type field defines how the datagram should be handled. It includes bits that define the priority of the datagram. Total length. The total length field defines the total length of the IP datagram. It is a two-byte field (16 bits) and can define up to 65,535 bytes Identification. The identification field is used in fragmentation. A datagram, when passing through different networks, may be divided fragments to match the network frame size. When this happens, each fragment is identified with a sequence number in this field.
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IP Datagram (cont.)
Flags. The bits in this field deal with fragmentation Fragmentation offset. A pointer that shows the offset of the data in original datagram Time to live. The time to live field defines the number of hops a datagram can travel before it is discarded. Protocol. Defined which upper-layer protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP) Header checksum. Check the integrity of the header Option. Give more functionality to the IP datagram, can control routing, timing, management and alignment

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IP Fragmentation and Reassembly

length ID fragflag offset =4000 =x =0 =0
One large datagram becomes several smaller datagrams length ID fragflag offset =1500 =x =1 =0 length ID fragflag offset =1500 =x =1 =1480 length ID fragflag offset =1040 =x =0 =2960

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a ch IP
L a ch lun l trong mng xc nh a ch ca cc my trong mng (ngoi a ch vt l) cho vic truyn nhn d liu a ch IP c 32 bit nh phn chia ba phn: class type, netid, hostid

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Phn lp a ch
xc nh netid (Network Identifier) v hostid (Host Identifier)

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Addressing-Dotted-decimal notation
biu din dng ngn hn v d c, a ch IP c chia thnh dng 4 phn x 8 bit, cch nhau bng du chm, mt phn c biu din theo gi tr thp phn

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Class Ranges of Internet Addresses

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Examples
What is the class of each of the following addresses?
A. 10011101 10001111 11111110 11001111 B. 01111011 11110000 10101010 11110000 C. 11110101 10001111 11111110 11001111
Write each of following in dotted-decimal notation:

A. 10011101 10001111 11111100 11001111 B. 11011101 10001111 11111101 00001111

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Solutions
Classes identify
A. Class B B. Class A C. Class E
Dotted-decimal notation
A. 157.143.252.207 B. 221.143.253.15

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Mt s a ch IP c bit
Maximum number of unique addresses in each class

Class A Class B Class C 2^7 - 2 = 126 2^14 - 2 = 16,382 2^21 - 2 = 2,097,150
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Mt my vi nhiu a ch
a ch IP nh ngha cho mi kt ni n mt mng Mt phn t mng c nhiu kt ni n cc mng khc nhau ( v d nh router) phi c cc a ch IP tng ng vi mng Mt my c mt giao tip mng cng c th nh ngha nhiu a ch IP, tu theo nhu cu

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A Sample Internetnetwork

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Subneting
Hnh minh ho mt mng c hai lp phn cp

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Subneting
Khng c subnetting, a ch c 2 lp (bao gm netid v hostid) khng hiu qu, khng th c nhiu mng vt l Vi m hnh ny, cc my khng th t chc thnh cc nhm v cng mt mc. iu ny rt kh cho vic qun l i vi cc mng c nhiu my Phn mng con (subnetting) l gii php cho vn ny, l s chia mt mng ln thnh cc mng nh hn gi l mng con (subnetworks)

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Subneting
Hnh v minh ha mng c chia thnh 3 cp

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Addresses with and without Subnetting

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Masking
Masking l cch tnh a ch vt l ca mng t a ch IP, c th tnh k c mng c phn mng con hoc khng Nu c phn mng con, masking s ly c a ch mng t a ch IP Nu mng c chia mng con th masking s ly c thng tin a ch ca mng con (subnetwork address) t a ch IP

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Masking example

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Masks without Subneting

Depending on class Following table show mask for unsubneted networks
class A B C D E
mask 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0
Address (e.g.)
Network address (e.g.)
15.32.56.7 135.67.13.9
15.0.0.0 135.67.0.0 201.34.12.0 N/A N/A
255.255.255.0 201.34.12.72 N/A N/A N/A N/A

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Masks with Subneting

Khi c chia mng con th mi mng con s c mt n mng (mask) khc nhau Examples:
class A B C
mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0
Address (e.g.)
Network address (e.g.)
15.32.56.7 135.67.13.9
15.32.0.0 135.67.13.0 201.34.12.64
255.255.255.192 201.34.12.72
D
E
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

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Finding the Subnetwork Address

Apply the mask to the IP address Boundary-Level Masking
- If the masking is at the boundary level (the mask numbers are either 255 or 0), finding the subnetwork address is very easy. Follow these two rules:
1.The bytes in the IP address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in the subnetwork address 2.The bytes in the IP address that correspond to 0 in the mask will change to 0 in the subnetwork address.

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Boundary-Level Masking example
IP address 45 . 23 . 21 . 8 Mask 255 . 255 . 0 . 0 --------------------------------------------------------Subnetwork address 45 . 23 . 0 . 0

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Nonboundary-level Masking
- If the masking is not at the boundary level (the mask numbers are not just 255 or 0), finding the subnetwork address involves using the bit-wise operator. Follow these three rules:
1. The bytes in the IP address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in the subnetwork address 2. The bytes in the IP address that correspond to 0 in the mask will change to 0 in the subnetwork address. 3. For other bytes, use the bit-wise AND operator.

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Nonboundary-level masking example
IP address 45 . 123 . 21 . 8 Mask 255 . 192 . 0 . 0 -------------------------------------------------------Subnetwork 45 . ? . 0 . 0 Address ? use bit-wise AND operator 123 01111011 192 11000000 ----------------------------------0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 64

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Another nonboundary-level masking example
IP address 213 . 23 . 47 . 37 Mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 240 -------------------------------------------------------Subnetwork 213 . 23 . 47 . ? Address ? use bit-wise AND operator 37 00100101 240 11110000 ----------------------------------0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 32
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IP addressing: CIDR
Classful addressing:
- inefficient use of address space, address space exhaustion - e.g., class B net allocated enough addresses for 65K hosts, even if only 2K hosts in that network
CIDR: Classless InterDomain Routing

- network portion of address of arbitrary length - address format: a.b.c.d/x, where x is # bits in network portion of address
network part host part
11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 200.23.16.0/23

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IP addresses: how to get one?

Network (network portion): get allocated portion of ISPs address space:
ISP's block Organization 0 11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 200.23.16.0/20 200.23.16.0/23
Organization 1
Organization 2
11001000 00010111 00010010 00000000

11001000 00010111 00010100 00000000 .. . 11001000 00010111 00011110 00000000
200.23.18.0/23
200.23.20.0/23 . 200.23.30.0/23
Organization 7

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Cc giao thc khc trong lp network

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol) More references:
TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 2/e, Behrouz A. Forouzan, DeAnza College

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ARP v RARP
Vn phn gii a ch
Hai giao thc dng phn gii a ch l ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) v RARP (Reverse ARP)
- ARP dng phn gii a ch IP 32 bits sang a ch Ethernet 48 bits - RARP dng phn gii a ch Ethernet 48 bits sang a ch IP 32 bits

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ARP v RARP
a ch mng (lp Internet) v a ch MAC (lp Network Interface) cn c s chuyn i qua li:
- Lp Internet gi d liu cho lp Network Interface, ch cung cp a ch IP ca my nhn - Lp Network Interface cn a ch MAC ca my nhn truyn thng tin

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ARP v RARP

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Position of ARP and RARP in TCP/IP protocol suite

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ARP

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ARP
L giao thc c dng hi a ch vt l mt my khi bit a ch IP Cn cho lp Network Interface ng gi mt Ethernet Frame Khi cn a ch vt l, my s broadcast trn mng hi a ch vt l tng ng vi a ch IP, my c a ch IP tng ng s reply thng tin

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Cc thnh phn chnh trong ARP

ARP table: bng thng tin c lu tr trong b nh, nu khng tm c thng tin trong bng ny th phn t gi s broadcast ARP request hi thng tin ARP request: gi broadcast hi a ch vt l ARP reply: gi li my hi thng tin a ch IP ca my mnh ARP reply caching: lu thng tin vo ARP table trong mt khong thi gian (5 pht)
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Phn gii ngc a ch RARP

Dng cho vic lin kt gia lp Network Interface v lp Internet S dng khi my bit a ch Ethernet nhng khng bit a ch IP. Thng dng trong cc trng hp:
- Cc h thng diskless - Cc h thng JumpStartTM
Km vi cc giao thc DHCP, BOOTP

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RARP operation

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RARP packet

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Lp transport
C hai dng dch v:

- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
application transport network data link physical network data link physical network data link physical
network data link physical
network data link physical
network data link physical application transport network data link physical

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Lp transport
Cung cp s truyn nhn lun l gia cc process ng dng gia cc my trong mng Cc giao thc lp transport hot ng cc h thng u cui. Lp transport so vi lp network:
- network layer: d liu truyn nhn gia cc h thng - transport layer: d liu c truyn nhn gia cc processes, da trn cc dch v ca lp network v m rng mt s chc nng
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Lp Transport
Lp TCP/IP transport cung cp c ch cho source process gi d liu destination process qua mng nh ngha mt tp cc kt ni mc khi nim cho cc processes gi l protocol ports. Mt protocol port l mt im ch (buffer) dng lu d liu cho mt process c th

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Transport layer
Vic qun l giao tip gia cc processes v cc ports tng ng c h iu hnh cung cp Cc protocol lp transport l port-to-port protocols, truyn d liu gia process gi n process nhn Mi port c xc nh bng mt s nguyn dng 16 bits nh phn
- 65,536 (0 to 65535) ports - Port 0?

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Lp Transport
M rng cch nh a ch cho process.

- a ch port : xc nh ng dng mng trn mi my. - a ch ca mt ng dng mng (IP,port)
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Port Addresses

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Transport-layer protocols
Internet transport services: reliable, in-order unicast delivery (TCP)
- congestion - flow control - connection setup
unreliable (best-effort), unordered unicast or multicast delivery: UDP services not available:
- real-time - bandwidth guarantees - reliable multicast

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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

User datagram protocol (UDP) l protocol n gin trong hai protocol lp transport
Ch thm thng tin v cc a ch port, iu khin li checksum v di thng tin length information
UDP ch cung cp cc chc nng c bn cho c ch truyn end-to-end, khng cung cp cc chc nng x l li v truyn li d liu b hng hoc mt.
C c ch bo li nu km vi giao thc ICMP

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UDP Datagram Format

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Cung cp cc dch v y cho cc ng dng L giao thc port-to-port tin cy, connectionoriented: kt ni phi c thit lp trc khi d liu c truyn Khi thit lp kt ni, TCP to mt mch o (virtual circuit ) gia bn gi v bn nhn trong sut qu trnh truyn nhn C s thng bo khi truyn d liu n phn t nhn. Sau khi kt thc vic truyn nhn th ng kt ni

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TCP
IP v UDP xem cc datagrams trong mt single transmission l cc n v hon ton c lp, khng lin quan vi nhau. Mi datagram n phn t nhn cng l cc n v phn bit, v khng c s thng bo cho phn t nhn Khc vi IP v UDP, TCP l dch v connectionoriented, cung cp c ch truyn tin cy cho ton b stream cha trong message m ng dng gi i C ch truyn tin cy m bo bng vic cung cp vic pht hin li v truyn li nhng d liu hng
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TCP
Khi truyn d liu, TCP chia d liu thnh cc n v nh hn gi l segment. Tt cc cc segment phi c nhn v phn hi (acknowledge) trc khi s truyn nhn hon thnh v mch o c hy Mi segment c mt s tun t (sequencing number) sp xp li sau khi nhn kt hp vi ACK ID number v field window-size cho ca s dch (sliding window) Cc segments TCP truyn trn mng c cha trong cc IP datagrams. phn t nhn, TCP nhn mi datagram theo th t n v da vo s tun t sp xp li
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TCP segment format

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TCP segment format (cont.)

Sequence number. Shows the position of the data in the original data stream (application data) Acknowledgment number. Used to acknowledge the receipt of data Control. 6 bits of control define the use of segment or server validity check for others fields
- URG: urgent, - ACK: acknowledgment - PSH: need higher throughput,

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TCP segment format (cont.)
Control (cont.)
- RST: reset, - SYN: used for sequence number synchronization (connection request, connection confirmation-with ACK set, confirmation acknowledgement-with ACK set) - FIN: used in termination confirmation
Window size. Defines the sliding window Checksum. Used for error detection Urgent Pointer. Valid if URG is set. Define the end of urgent data and the start of normal data

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Lp ng dng
Comparison between OSI and TCP/IP

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Lp ng dng
nh ngha cc giao thc cho cc ng dng mng Nhn gc h iu hnh, ng dng c hiu nh l cc processes. Cc giao thc lp ng dng phi nh ngha cch thc giao tip gia cc processes qua cc vn :
- nh dng ca message - Th t ca cc message trao i - Cc cng vic phi thc thi khi mt process nhn hay truyn d liu
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Lp ng dng
Cc ng dng mng hot ng theo m hnh client/server
- Server : l phn t th ng
Ch yu cu t client, x l v tr kt qu cho client
- Client : l phn t ch ng
Kt ni n server gi yu cu. Ch nhn kt qu tr v v x l kt qu.
Vn quan trng khi lp trnh cc ng dng mng l nh ngha giao thc gia client v server
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Lp ng dng
User agent l giao tip gia ngi s dng v ng dng mng.Mi ng dng mng client phi c hin thc vic giao tip gia user v chng trnh mng:
- Web:browser - E-mail: mail reader - streaming audio/video: media player
Khi nim stateful v stateless

- Stateful : lu gi trng thi gia cc ln kt ni (request/response). - Stateless : Mi ln request/response th cu ni hy b. Khng gi trng tri trc .

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M hnh client-server

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Quan h gia client v server

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Cc loi server
Concurrent: x l ng thi, c ch x l nhiu processes trn mt h thng ch c mt CPU
Parallel

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Connectionless iterative server

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Connection-oriented concurrent server

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Programs v Processes

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Server vi c ch multi-process

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Khi nim Socket
Socket: ca nm gia process ng dng v end-endtransport protocol (UDP hoc TCP)
TCP service: dch v truyn tin cy chui bytes gia hai

process
controlled by application developer controlled by operating system
process
process socket TCP with buffers, variables
socket TCP with buffers, variables
controlled by application developer controlled by operating system
internet
host or server
host or server
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Khi nim Socket
Socket :
- L mi trng cc process ng dng giao tip vi nhau, process ng dng c th chy trn cng mt my hoc trn hai my khc nhau. - c ng dng to ra v s dng tuy nhin c h thng (h iu hnh) kim sot.

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Khi nim Socket
Socket API
- c gii thiu BSD4.1 UNIX, 1981 - c ng dng khi to, s dng hay hy b - Dng c ch client/server - Cung cp hai dch v chuyn d liu thng qua socket API:
unreliable datagram reliable, byte stream-oriented

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Cc loi socket

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Lp trnh socket vi TCP
Client phi kt ni n server

- server process phi chy trc (phn t th ng) - server phi to mt socket lng nghe v chp nhn cc kt ni t client
Client kt ni n server bng cch:

- Khi to TCP socket local - Xc nh IP address, port number ca server process v kt ni n

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Sau khi client khi to socket, n s thit lp kt ni n server Khi server nhn yu cu kt ni, n s chp nhn yu cu v khi to socket mi giao tip vi client.
- Cho php server chp nhn nhiu client ti mt thi im.

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Server
(running on hostid)
Client
create socket, port=x, for incoming request: welcomeSocket = ServerSocket() wait for incoming connection request connection connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept()
TCP
setup
create socket, connect to hostid, port=x clientSocket = Socket() send request using clientSocket
read request from connectionSocket write reply to connectionSocket close connectionSocket
read reply from clientSocket close clientSocket

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Example: Java client (TCP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPClient { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String sentence; String modifiedSentence; Create input stream Create client socket, connect to server Create output stream attached to socket BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789); DataOutputStream outToServer = new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());

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Example: Java client (TCP), cont.

Create input stream attached to socket Send line to server Read line from server BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); sentence = inFromUser.readLine(); outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n'); modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine(); System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } }

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Example: Java server (TCP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*;
class TCPServer { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String clientSentence; String capitalizedSentence;
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
Create welcoming socket at port 6789 Wait, on welcoming socket for contact by client Create input stream, attached to socket
while(true) {
Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();
BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));

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Example: Java server (TCP), cont

Create output stream, attached to socket Read in line from socket Write out line to socket } }
DataOutputStream outToClient = new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream()); clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n'; outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);
} End of while loop, loop back and wait for another client connection

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Lp trnh socket vi UDP

Cung cp c ch truyn khng tin cy cc nhm cc byte (datagrams) gia client v server. Khng cn thit lp kt ni gia client vi server. Sender phi gi km a ch IP v port ch Server khi nhn d liu s phn tch a ch ca sender truyn li.

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Lp trnh socket vi UTP

Server
(running on hostid)
Client
create socket, clientSocket = DatagramSocket()
create socket, port=x, for incoming request: serverSocket = DatagramSocket()
read request from serverSocket write reply to serverSocket specifying client host address, port number
Create, address (hostid, port=x, send datagram request using clientSocket
read reply from clientSocket close clientSocket

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Example: Java client (UDP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPClient { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
Create input stream Create client socket Translate hostname to IP address using DNS
InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname"); byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = inFromUser.readLine(); sendData = sentence.getBytes();

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Example: Java client (UDP), cont.

Create datagram with data-to-send, length, IP addr, port Send datagram to server Read datagram from server
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket); DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); clientSocket.receive(receivePacket); String modifiedSentence = new String(receivePacket.getData()); System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } }

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Example: Java server (UDP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPServer { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
Create datagram socket at port 9876
{ DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876); byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024]; byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; while(true) { DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
Create space for received datagram Receive datagram

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Example: Java server (UDP), cont

String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Get IP addr port #, of sender
InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
int port = receivePacket.getPort();

String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
Create datagram to send to client
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes(); DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, port);
Write out datagram to socket

} }
serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
End of while loop, loop back and wait for another datagram

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Cc giao thc v dch v

H thng tn min DNS H thng World Wide Web ( WWW)
- giao thc HTTP
H thng file FTP

- giao thc FTP
H thng e-mail
- giao thc SMTP - giao thc POP3

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H thng tn min DNS

DNS l vit tt ca Domain Name System Dng chui k t nh a ch, khng phn bit ch hoa, thng, mi thnh phn c th 63 k t v tn y khng di qu 255, di y gi l tn. Tn c t theo cy phn cp a ch ti nguyn biu din dng tn c hnh thnh t n cho n root

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H thng tn min DNS

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Domain names v labels

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Zone v domain

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nh x a ch trong DNS
Network ch hiu a ch IP (binary) => nh x gia a ch IP v tn. Mi ng dng mng phi chuyn a ch t dng tn sang a ch IP H thng tn min c hin thc theo distributed database, qun l theo dng phn cp vi nhiu name servers

105
S phn cp ca cc name server

106
Root name servers

107
Root name servers

Khi local name server khng th phn gii a ch, n kt ni n root name server hi thng tin root name server:
- Kt ni n name server tng ng vi tng domain (trong trng hp root name khng bit thng tin) - Ly thng tin nh x a ch - tr thng tin v cho local name server
C rt nhiu root name server trong mng Internet trn ton th gii

108
DNS trong Internet

109
Generic v country domains

110
Inverse domain

111
nh x a ch trong DNS
ng dng giao tip vi local name 2 3 server hi a ch nh x. Local name server local name server dns.eurecom.fr s tr li hoc 1 8 request tip
surf.eurecom.fr
root name server
iterated query
4 7
intermediate name server dns.umass.edu
requesting host
authoritative name server dns.cs.umass.edu
gaia.cs.umass.edu

112
H thng World Wide Web
World Wide Web (W W W)

- Dng giao thc http: hypertext transfer protocol - Webs application layer protocol - M hnh client/server client: browser gi yu cu, nhn v hin th kt qu. server: Web server gi kt qu cho client i vi mi request. - http1.0: RFC 1945 - http1.1: RFC 2068
PC running Explorer
Server running NCSA Web server Mac running Navigator

113
http: TCP transport service:

- client khi to TCP connection (to socket) n server, port 80 (default) - server chp nhn kt ni t client - http messages (application-layer protocol messages) c trao i gia browser (http client) v Web server (http server) - ng TCP connection

114
V d
- User nh a ch URL sau ln browser
http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/~phu/courses/net-programming/index.html 1a. http client to TCP connection (to socket) n http server www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn Port 80
time
2. http client gi http request message (cha ng dn) thng qua TCP connection socket
1b. http server a ch www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn ang ch i kt ni port 80, chp nhn kt ni v notifying n client

115
V d (tt)
3. http server nhn yu cu, to response message (/~phu/courses/netprogramming/index.html) tr kt qu, gi message qua socket
5. http client nhn response time message cha file html v hin th. Phn tch file html tm cc lin kt
4. http server ng cu ni TCP
6. Lp li cc bc 1-5 cho mi lin kt n objects

116
W W W (tt)
- C hai dng message trong http : request, response - http request message:
ASCII
(human-readable format)

117
http request message:

GET /~phu/index.html HTTP/1.0 User-agent: Mozilla/4.0 Accept: text/html, image/gif,image/jpeg header Accept-language:vn lines
(extra carriage return, line feed)
request line (GET, POST, HEAD commands)
Carriage return, line feed indicates end of message

118
http response message:

status line (protocol status code status phrase) header lines HTTP/1.0 200 OK Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 12:00:15 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix) Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 ... Content-Length: 6821 Content-Type: text/html data data data data data ...
data, e.g., requested html file

119

Authentication goal: control access to client server server documents usual http request msg stateless: client must present authorization in each request 401: authorization req. WWW authenticate: authorization: typically name, password - authorization: header line in usual http request msg request + Authorization:line - if no authorization presented, usual http response msg server refuses access, sends
WWW authenticate:
header line in response
usual http request msg + Authorization:line
Browser caches name & password so usual http response msg that user does not have to repeatedly enter it.
time
120

Cookies
server sends cookie to client in response message

Set-cookie: 1678453
client
usual http request msg
server
usual http response +
Set-cookie: #
usual http request msg
client presents cookie in later requests

cookie: 1678453
cookie: #
server matches presented-cookie with server-stored info

- authentication - remembering user preferences, previous choices
usual http response msg usual http request msg
cookiespectific action cookiespectific action
cookie: #
usual http response msg

121

Conditional GET
client Goal: dont send object if http request msg client has up-to-date If-modified-since: stored (cached) version <date> client: specify date of http response HTTP/1.0 cached copy in http 304 Not Modified request
If-modified-since: <date>
server
object not modified
server: response contains no object if cached copy up-to-date:

HTTP/1.0 304 Not Modified
If-modified-since: <date>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
http request msg http response
object modified
<data>

122
H thng FTP
File Transfer Protocol (ftp)

FTP FTP user client interface file transfer FTP server remote file system
user at host
local file system
- Chuyn file t local n server hoc ly file t server v local. - Hot ng theo c ch client/server - FTP server chy port 21. - Tham kho : RFC 959
123
H thng FTP
ftp client giao tip n ftp server qua TCP port 21 Hai cu ni TCP c thit lp: - control: exchange commands, responses between client, server. out of band control - data: file data to/from server ftp server hin thc c ch state: current directory, earlier authentication

124
Control connection

125
Data connection

126
H thng FTP
Mt s nh dng mesage trong giao thc FTP: D liu c gi qua control channel theo dng m ASCII
- USER username - PASS password - LIST tr v list cc file v th mc trong th mc hin hnh - RETR filename retrieves (gets) file - STOR filename stores (puts) file onto remote host
127
H thng FTP
Sample return codes
status code and phrase (as in http) 331 Username OK, password required 125 data connection already open; transfer starting 425 Cant open data connection 452 Error writing file

128
V d mt giao dch trong FTP

129
S dng trnh FTP
Mt s lnh ftp c bn
#ftp [host] #open host #close #help #reset #ls #pwd #cd #lcd #mkdir, rmdir #get, mget #put, mput #delete, mdelete #bye

130
H thng E-mail
H thng E-mail
- RFC 821, 822 - SMTP: port 25 - POP3: port 110 - IMAP: port 143 - MTA: Mail Transfer Agent - UA: User Agent
mail server
user agent user agent mail server user agent
SMTP SMTP
mail server
SMTP
user agent
user agent
outgoing message queue user mailbox
user agent

131
M hnh h thng e-mail

132
Qu trnh truyn nhn mail

133
Mail message format

134
MIME- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
RFC 2045, 2046

135
MIME header

136
Base64 Encoding

137
Quoted-printable encoding

138
Giao thc SMTP

139
Giao thc SMTP

V d v SMTP
>Telnet mail.hamburger.edu 25 S: 220 hamburger.edu >HELO crepes.fr S: 250 Hello crepes.fr, pleased to meet you >MAIL FROM: <alice@crepes.fr> S: 250 alice@crepes.fr... Sender ok >RCPT TO: <bob@hamburger.edu> S: 250 bob@hamburger.edu ... Recipient ok >DATA S: 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself >Do you like ketchup? >How about pickles? >. S: 250 Message accepted for delivery >QUIT S: 221 hamburger.edu closing connection

140
Cc giao thc truy cp e-mail
IMAP
- Internet Mail Access Protocol - RFC 1730 - Cc lnh phc tp, cho php c ch lu tr v qun l e-mail trn mail server
POP3
- Post Office Protocol, version 3 - RFC 1939 - ng nhp n mail server v download email c trong mail box ca user v my client
HTTP
- Web-based mail client program - Dng ng dng web hin thc giao thc IMAP hoc POP3
141
V d v POP3
authorization phase
client commands:
- user: declare username - pass: password
S: C: S: C: S: C: S: S: S: C: S: S: C: C: S: S: C: C: S:
+OK POP3 server ready user alice +OK pass hungry +OK user successfully logged list 1 498 2 912 . retr 1 <message 1 . dele 1 retr 2 <message 1 . dele 2 quit +OK POP3 server
on
server responses
- +OK - -ERR
contents>
transaction phase, client:

list: list message numbers retr: retrieve message by number dele: delete quit
contents>
signing off

142

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1

CHNG 1- GII THIU V TCP/IP

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Tng qut v TCP/IP

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Transport layer (host level) Transport

Data link Physical

Network interface layer

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

TCP/IP and OSI model

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nhng im khc gia OSI v TCP/IP

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

TCP/IP v mng Internet

An Internet according to TCP/IP

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

ng gi d liu trong TCP/IP

ng gi d liu trong TCP/IP

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Internetwork Protocol (IP)

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

IP Fragmentation and Reassembly

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

xc nh netid (Network Identifier) v hostid (Host Identifier)

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Class Ranges of Internet Addresses

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Write each of following in dotted-decimal notation:

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Maximum number of unique addresses in each class

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Addresses with and without Subnetting

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Masks without Subneting

mask 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0

Network address (e.g.)

15.0.0.0 135.67.0.0 201.34.12.0 N/A N/A

255.255.255.0 201.34.12.72 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Masks with Subneting

mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0

Network address (e.g.)

15.32.0.0 135.67.13.0 201.34.12.64

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Finding the Subnetwork Address

Nguyn Duy Hiu B mn: KTMT & Mng - TBU

Finding the Subnetwork Address