Pe 3

:
( (
.
1. - CH2-CH2- n
. % .
PELD
linked Cross

Crystallinity
Autoclave
. PEHD
.
:
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Zeigler

TiCl4 Organometallic
Diethyl Aluminium Monochloride.
%..
Cyclohexane .
:
50-70 .
. 21 20
:
" "
Thermoplastic Softening point -
" ""
".
)( 5

2000
48
%
42
33
25
:
)(6

( / / )
2000
1997
1995
2.57
2.56
3.47
2.02
1.71
1.43
3.43
3.13
2.83
4.03
3.67
3.39
-
-
)(7
30
16.1
35
11.2
2.2
1.5
23
12.3
27
8.7
-
-
-
:
4.5
10
3.3
4.6
1.8
2.6
13.7
17
5.5
/ -
.2
PP

Thermoplastic .
atactic
isotactic
heptane
.
isotactic 100%
% - .
:
.3
. PVC
PVC
" .
""
".
. PVC .
n . PVC
Thermoplastic
. PVC
-
. PVC -

C2H3Cl ,/ .

PVC
PVC .
:
. PVC
PVC
. PVC %-
. - ,
,/ .
. VCM :
PVC Suspensio
PVC emulsion
Plasticizer
. autoclave
Polyvinylalcohol
. -
)(8

( / / )
1999
1993
15.0
12.5
4.0
2.5
17.0
14.0
6.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
4.0
:
/ -
-
)(9

( / )
1998
1996
1994
1992
14.380
13.685
12.733
11.735
12.835
12.368
13.348
10.785
17.675
14.676
14.362
12.218
4.352
3.818
2.589
2.388
5.390
5.346
5.124
4.817
3.836
3.225
2.948
2.377
/ -
5000-6000 .
.
.
:

PVC
. 4
. PS
" .
".
. .
:
. EPS
.
)(10

2000
1994
14.0
10.4
24
37
21
24
44
33
11
16
/ -
-
:
. 5
.
) ( ,
:

/
.
) (
) (

) (
.
) (
) (
:
, ,
. Thermoset plastics

condensation.
- -
.
.
Backeland 1909
Bakelites

Novolacs Resols
:
. .
- .
. :
- .

:
!
pH 7 - 8. .
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
- -
!
:
. 6 :Synthetic Fibers

.
% .
%
% .%
% .
. Polyamide fibers:
[-
CONHRNHCOR'-]n
[-
RCONH-]n R' R aliphatic
alicyclic %
Nylon
%
Aramids.
Nylon-6. -
1939
. 6,6
:
Nylon-6,6 . -
1955.
:
. Polyester fibers
%
HO-R-OH P-
HOOC-C6H4-COOH.
PET
PET ICI
TA
DMA
PET.

.
. Acrylic fibers :
:
% . Modacrylic
%
% .
%-
.
PAN
.
.
, 400.000
. .
.
) ( ,
. .
:
) ( ) (
, :
:
) (
) (.
) (
) (
) (
% %
:
)(11

" "
1998
1993
7.8
7.8
7.0
6.8
3.9
3.9
2.4
1.8
1.9
1.1
3.4
0.9
2.3
0.7
)(12
41.6
52.8
30.1
6.9
28.3
40.3
)%(
:
. 7
.
%
() : () .
:
)(1
BUNA :
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
.
. : ,

BUNA
:
)(2
- SRB :
. %
% .SRB
.
-.
:
)(3
) CR ) :
) (4 :

:
) (

) (:
) (
%
) (.
) (
.
) (
:
) (
) (
) (
:

) , , (.
, .
) ( %
%
.
.8 Synthetic detergents:
.
surfactants
:
) ( Anionic detergents :
:
) - (

) ( .

) (.
sulphonic Dodecyl benzene

.benzene Keryl
% .
:
) ( Nonionic detergents

. .
:
) ( Cationic detergents :
C8-C18

% .
.
.
, ,
. ,
) ).
. -
9.5
.
.
.
:

Pe 3

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Thermoplastic Softening point -

RCONH-]n R' R aliphatic

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sulphonic Dodecyl benzene

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