COURS,H NOT,ES

C,. SINGH
:DEPART,1\m:NT OF jE·L'ECTRlC,AL EN'GINE,ERINIG

TEXA;S A&M UNI'VERSITY

COLLH'GE SiTATI10N
T'X

· ; I--N····-TR·· 0······,Di.'UO:
_' , . _. .' I,' '. ~ ," .... " ..

,.:.

··:-'T·:"."

110··'·:·N>I· .. ,'.' _'.

Quant,it,ative: ReliabilitJ:: • T:h,e: t,el"'m, :reliabiID'ity r,e,iates, ,to ,th',e: abim~ 'it,y of a system to perform, Its i,nten,d,ed, :fu'n,cti,on 'fo'r a, ,liven 'pe·riod o,r ,t:im'e' unde,r'
s;ta,ted, envlronrnented con,di.t"j.ons~

• N'eeessj,ty' of 'qu,a.nt,i,tati've reUabUi't,Y s:prin,p, from

''II f ,_, ver .1Dcrerunngco:m:PJl~XhIY 0_: :SYS',t e~ms e t'"' ... COB~ compeLltlveness - alternate. destin evaluations, ~ ,cost... :benefit analysis ~ study 'efr-ects of oper-atiun and maintenance proeed --ores,
~ t

'"' !1110

,j,

'110

.~

..

Frequency B:a:lan,ce ,Ap'p'r'Q 8Ch,

I

'(or
System R"elia'b:ilityAnalysis

Transition r.a:tJe (["(I!m '!U~,te,~ ,j is, 'tJile lWieau I1lmmiber !If'tr~,ruJittiJns, to 'stft-Ie':i 't'@ j p;er '1II1ltiJ't of time' in state I, If,tbe sytem 'is, (i,bsmred
,r'iO\r'

mm,

T beuJ's. :aDd,'1'1 I01!l:rs: are IIJ!enC In, sta'H ~, 'm~ 't'EJie tll'1iltsitiii)i!} :r,ar~e, fNm sitart.: i 'ti) j' is gfv,e{[IJ by

UP

DN

- ,.IJ._: .l!f..t1.,_ .. "11/1io"'UTT

-

Ahm
'T....,"'·D...,i·~:...D· ra·i._I!~.. JILl. a ~ !IL1'l,l!\ •
Jill.~.

.ii"lPoinlm. .U!IiI""!II~ i"'''' ~~p, qJJ.... = r-...:;;Ii'i1~ ~r''~ 'A' ' ' ' ' ..'l·, .... F~I~'''' '..... til. _ stare l'",!".MI
~!i'Ii, ;!I'

~ 1/( 'r, In.n )

l1li1[/',' 1l.;I1N'1I'" ~~~.~
.'

FRqjU'~m!c,;" OI:f enc~unter.ing state ,j

'rrom s:tat~ iJ is tbe expeded (In~D) Dumber Q"traDSiti,ons,:' rom sEa.'fe i to ~tarte' ~ per untt ooe.. Fr(il-j) - steady
j
state m'Fa,ver~g,e weqnency

!(Jif

frans' don

fro,lU

:stab~, to i

=:

(T~, 1) (.mij f T~ 1 )!

&;;;;I

Pi:tij

Concepti

of Frequeney Balance

F:r;eql!l!enc)" of' t:m:C!iN]Jnr~elr{iDg: ,II s~ate (.01." 3J su'bs!e'r. 0f' states) eq,uals tihe 'ifll'equency of @xitilng fir'jllm the ~;t~,t~ :F'tbe: ~uhs-et'@f' sta.'res.)~ {IO
I

.... Ci,;:;,tcifi'II"I~;~"'1I1 'v, '

". ~~I.:_:~IJ~IIJ..!f~=

v!JJ ~' .. iR!j,~

LOt-"lI;"":'

'1fii....,.~ ...,Lliiliiiil-l·~.. .,·' y~'~U!AlUW, _ JIIr~ilii ..~

If compmlllJemts :~U·~ iIil4lep~I!l,<lile:nt, ,s,ystem s;~t~ p'lil}habnltJ~, (':a!n be f![JUDd] by Ute p!nHiI.l!I,e-~ umit s~at.e pnib;a:biUJties. ef

:E

ri'

iil-~

". p. :=]'
I.

UP
111
"2J;O'P;;IIW' ~ I,'t.f._-<_'

IDN

:21~--' ·31

:2

20MW

Me:aJn
.: ;.,:, .• _1.

evele
_-I~"_-

fI!r.I

l'd~~'~":

~;n'i;li;

hilr 'U'JIJ.

"'D .,.,._,tlli~ 1iPlf',r'lT)" _,I .. Al ~·1!·'~LllJII \.!I.'!f,lI..L -

11 /: . . .lJlI,~IIoiJ,_ ~u~~J ~,IJ, ... 1:0. ... ~-"gll!l" .i.'r--~·frIIU""'-"'~IO/ti ~[IJ~' "'"""F.""....~ .lL

~- .".: -. sf WIG 11i!V~1ll · .II- . rrn . b " ,f~ M ii'ii·l~ uUUhJ.OIIl- 0 tj..."",'. t· == 1'I.->if;Fi .... 'X .!£"Q .. ~ @= ·ihk ewg" =",,~D -.'11 .1.".11,",-. me . ~ ~--+
r

M\CaJD

DiP tbl~e MeT - MDF =

lPmble:m, I,

=1/(1,+")
.•. ' -

,~c,

:l=' failure
:Hilld
II ~ I"'"

:r,allie~)(£'~lu;~c.n:m!p~1!iemt
.fI, ••

:rj!llfi;a~r ra'oo ;ii"i;f- ¥a.• """""mp!.l!'Oi!:Di,, '''1":-,' - '\10" ,C"iI!""".If. • -- - -, "'" M!I!,..,

'P,..,...bl.---=!I!""l.i!.em.J!i<

-,.

'1'• 'D~l"iw
~. .!!-l ~' ..

';;,li."", ~~

~~'.

state ,.FiIiI'D' lIll.i+i:";;;,n ..di·l!l;·iIf .....

-.
!j,~

~Wt'!':JIU,

_,

HI,e..1j ~

:ml ;!Iorf' ,t,l.,;:;; a~,~ll!li."i iC',,\!,I:!·iol'!!m _ V. ,;JJj'U= _:

(i) p.ro'ba'b:I~lty ill,if ~yst'Y'em f~di~U'€:, (n,) fl!equ.·ency .l)if' sys.t~m l-ailll1ltie,.
(Ur)

me-lilt up time ,nlul meaili

d{Jw]iI, 'time..

.(X.~ '=Y1 F ,I", -¥,

_;1'

1=:·

L" .'

.~ p~·-tJ A j,~ j~Y

_ .. ] "

'TI..~ ''Ii.'il''Il!' ,J[ JJI!IiO(L ..

41l!iir\il!< if'''~ ,,,", en ,'!I.-'!I!I'.Ii1m.';If"" .. ,II . ,~ if" ....... l~1J tn'iIJ.I ,'IY' -":tIl,
IJ, 'Ill' ,'1&

"""I" ~'I!I.l,II~~.'

1l.,.,.,.,t"

'V' A"

'F.r(X)

=: ~

"Ii

At:]

ie(S-X)

jeX

1I." :Ora,w !boundary amlJulld Ul>e subset"

l~:Jrnltd, th~ 19pected

bountla:ry.,

tl'ain~jti()l1l I'"Ule 'inblJ, the 'boundJal",y

O]!"

~u't of t~~

UP

DiN

.'..

l~ IOMW

'D['ii, __ ,3, -w
,

.AI.

'"Ii SW.Uc'W:l!

~*',

'is ta t c : ~'., .:,~.,"','" :agl!"3!mt(llI" ,a SYSd~\l11I!1 c~nSISluJDg " III .. 'I' . , "f' .. ',',"', ..... , ,,~ I:'Ii Illr'.amSafdO<.D di

'# ,;6.". 0,11,[."Ii!) ,

'idl~Dlli,e9Jl, eempnnents, !e3!cl~b:a,ytjng: a, :t:a1hmrre [1l,te ftf l.. and repail' r:tte lof 11., R.edulIrle, t1ruisdiag;r,am, tQ a ,3 shiite dblU,am usmg tbe c(u]ce"t: of el1llr!llilfil]I(flllt: tJ:';amJj~t;om '~a!b;~'.;