:

....

.



..
.. .

" " !!

.


" "
) ( Scope & Sequence .
:
) (




..

)
(


) ( Computer Technology )
( Communication Technology
" "
) ( Internet ""

!!.
.. ) (Hardware
"
"Computer Literacy


.



- " "

.
..

" "

" " .

cd

 : .
: .
: .
: .
: .
:.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.

 : .
:

:
.

) ( )
( " "
) ( Charles Babbage
.



) (
.
) .. " " Van Newman EDVAC
..
) ( Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

) ( Transistors
) (FORTRAN

 ) ( PDP-8 ) ( DEC ..
) .( Digital Equipment Corporation
Integrated Circuits ) IC
(
) General
( Propose ) ( UNIX IBM

) ( International Business Machine Main Frame )

( IBM60 ) (CDC600

) ( Intel
) ( Micro Computer
DOS ) ( Disk Operating System
.

) (LAN ) ( Internet


) ( Virtual Realty
.

.

 : .
:



...


"
:
.
.
.
.



:



!!
.

 : .
:



:
:
..


.



.
:
:
. ) ( Digital Computers

.
. ) ( Analog Computers

.
. ) ( Hybrid Computers

.
:

:

) ( Micro Computers

.
) ( Mini Computers

..
.
) ( Main Frames


.
) ( Super Computers

..
) .( Cray NEC 500

 : .
:
)
( Hardware
) Input
( Devices
)
( Output Devices CPU )
( Central Processing Unit :
) .( Central Processing Unit
) ( ) . ( Input Devices
) .( Output Devices
) .( Storage Units

..

:
:

) .( Central Processing Unit


) ( CPU

) ( Mother Board

.
) ( Mother Board
( PSU Power Supply Unite ) Transformer

) ( Diodes ) ( Capacitors ) CPU Central
( possessing Unite " " Socket "
"
) BIOS
- ( Basic Input / Output System -

.
) ( Slot ) ISA Industry Standard
( Architecture )
( AGP Accelerated Graphic Port

"" ) Peripheral Component
( Interconnect PCI ) RAM Random Access
( memory ) ( Bank
" " ) FDD
( Floppy Disk Drive " "
) .( IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
- ) ( Port
) ( serial , Parallel , Pc2 , USB
.

) (


:
) ( Cache Memory
.
( Random Access Memory) RAM

.
) .( SD RAM

( Read Only Memory ) ROM


.
) ( Byte = 8 bit )
( ) (
:

) .( Input Devices
) (


:
) : ( Key Board


) (
.
.

1 :


) .. ( .

 ) : ( Mouse
) ( Pointer
) ( GUI

:
) :( Click .
) : ( Double-Click
.

) : ( Drag
.
) : ( Scroll ) (.

) :( Scanner


.

) Mice

(:


.

 ) ( Light Pen
) ( Joy stick
)
( Sensors .
:

) .( Output Devices
) CPU (



.

:
) : ( Monitor

..

) ( VDU Visual Display Unite
) ( CRT Cathode Ray Tube
.

) ( LCD Liquid Crystal Display



) ( Resolution
) ( dpi ) ( Pixel


.. )

( " "



) ( VGA Card
.


) ( Infra Red & Blue tooth ) Touch
( Screen
) ( Special Purpose System .
) : ( Printer

.


) ( Character Printer
) ( Dot Matrix Printer
) ( Chain Printer
) ( Laser Printers

) Ink-Jet & Disk Printers
.( Jet



) ( dpi
.
) : ( Plotters



.
) ..
.
) : ( Speakers

) ( Watt

) ( Multimedia
) ( Midi & MpIII
) ( Sound Card

.
) .( Storage Units
) ( Secondary

:
)
( Magnetic Tape


) ( Disks :
) : ( Floppy Disks

&
) ( Tracks
) ( Sectors
) ( DS
)
.

..

" " ( Hard Disk Drive ) HDD

:
.
.
.
.
.

 ) : ( Hard Disks

) ( Fixed Disk

)
( Rotation Axes .

.


.

 ) : ( Optical Disks



) ( CD ROM
) & R/W rewriteable
.( DVD


CD-ROM Drive
CD-RW Drive
.

 : .
) : ( Programming Languages


) ( Machine Language ) Object

( Language ) ( O/I ) MLO Machine

( oriented Language

) ( Assembly Language

) ( Assembler

). ( Source Program
) ( High Level Language


..
) ( BASIC Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

) ( Compiler ) ( Interpreter
.
:
. ) ( General Applications Languages
.
) ( Business and Commercial Applications Languages
. ) ( Scientific Applications Languages
. ) .( Special Applications Languages

:

 ..
) Pascal .( BASIC
..
) COBOL .( RPG
..
) FOTRAN .( AlgoL
..
) PILOT LOGO LIsp
.( OOL
) :
(.
) ( Variables ) ( Constants
) ( Instruction Set
) (



)
( GUI ) ( Graphic User Interface

.
:

 .
- :
:
..............................................................................
:
..............................................................................
:
..............................................................................
:
..............................................................................
:
..............................................................................
:
..............................................................................
..............................................................................

..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
.
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
- .
- .
- .
.

..............................................................................
..............................................................................
:
..........................................................
.......................................................
...............................................................