GFSD I.

Nhn bit, phn bit cc hp cht hu c:

II. Tch ring v tinh ch cc hp cht hu c: a. S dng cc phng php vt l: - Phng php kt tinh li : Phng php ny da trn s khc nhau r rt v tan ca cc cht trong mt dung mi ( hay hn hp cc dung mi) cc nhit khc nhau, hoc c s khc nhau v tan ca cht chnh v tp cht cng mt nhit . - Phng php chit : Dng tch cc cht ( thng l cht lng) ra khi hn hp lng khng ng nht ( phn lp ) - Phng php lm kh: Cht rn sau khi kt tinh li, cht lng sau khi chit, cht kh thu c sau phn ng iu ch, thng ln vt nc hoc 1 lng nh dung mi.Vic loi b dung mi hoc nc t cc cht trn gi l lm kh. Lu : Lm kh nc thng s dng 3 nhm chnh : + Nhm c tnh axit: H2SO4c, P2O5 + Nhm c tnh baz : NaOH rn, KOH rn, CaO khan, K2CO3 khan + Nhm c tnh trung tnh : MgSO4 khan, Na2SO4 khan, CuSO4 khan - Phng php thng hoa: Thng hoa l s chuyn cht t trng thi rn thnh trng thi hi m khng qua trng thi lng. - Phng php chng ct : L qu trnh chuyn cht lng thnh hi ri ngng t hi thnh lng. - Phng php sc k : Dng tch hay phn tch hn hp kh, cht lng.

b. S dng phng php ho hc : - S tch :

- Phn ng dng tch phi: + Ch tc dng ln mt cht trong hn hp cn tch. + Sn phm to thnh phi c tch mt cch d dng bng phng php vt l. + T sn phm to thnh c kh nng ti to v tch c cht ban u. - Mt s phn ng dng tch ring cc hp cht hu c :