Thuyet Minh

GVHD: PGS.
TS Phm Ph L n mn hc: Chi Tit My

SVTH: Bi Phc Hun Lp 08N2 Trang 1

I HC NNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
KHOA S PHM K THUT
-----0000------

N MN HC CHI TIT MY
S II
THIT K H THNG DN NG TI KO

H v tn hc sinh : Bi Phc Hun
Lp : 08N2 Ngnh : CN Nhit in lnh
Gio vin hng dn : Phm Ph L
Thi gian hon thnh n : 10 tun

M
1
,
3
M
M
0
,
3
M
t
15ph 15ph
40ph
2s
P
V
5
4
3
2
1

S LIU CHO TRC : GHI CH :
1. Lc ko dy cp : P = 2905 N
2. Vn tc ko cp : V = 0,99 m/s 1. ng c in
3. ng knh tang D = 725 mm 2. B truyn ai dt
4. Ti thay di, rung ng va. 3. Hp gim tc
5. Thi gian phc v T = 6 nm 4. Ni trc n hi
Mt nm lm vic 285 ngy, mt ngy lm vic 14 gi 5. Tang
Lm vic hai chiu.

GVHD: PGS.TS Phm Ph L n mn hc: Chi Tit My


LI NI U

i vi nhiu ngnh trong cc trng k thut sau khi hc xong phn l thuyt s
bc sang giai on lm n mn hc. i vi mn hc c s thit k my cng khng
ngoi l.
Thit k chi tit my l mt bc ngoc cho vic nghin cu, l c s tnh ton v
thit k cc b truyn ng c kh cng nh cc chi tit my. y l ti thit k chnh xc
u tin ca sinh vin cc ngnh lin quan n c kh ch to my. Nhim v chung l thit
k h thng dn ng t ng c n c cu chp hnh.

ti: Thit k h thng dn ng ti ko vi hp gim tc khai trin. u v nhc
im ca loi ny l:
u im:
- Kt cu n gin, s lng cc chi tit my trong hp t.
- Phng n c nh cc bnh rng, trn trc, trn gi d thc hin.
- chnh xc v v tr tng i gia cc trc khng yu cu cao lm.
- iu chnh s n khp ca cc cp bnh rng, khe h ca cc ln d dng.
- Gi thnh thp.
Nhc im:
- Bnh rng phn b khng i xng so vi gi trc, lm tng s tp trung ti trng
trn mt phn ca rng.
- Ti trng phn b khng u trn hai trc, kch thc ca c chn theo ti
trng ln, do khi lng hp gim tc khai trin thng ln hn cc loi hp
gim tc khc.
Hp gim tc khai trin c dng kh rng ri trong cc h thng dn ng.

Tuy cn mang nng tnh l thuyt nhng n loi ny gip sinh vin bc u
lm quen v hon thin dn k nng o su nghin cu. N gip sinh vin thc hn v
cng vic ca mnh.
Do y l ln u tin lm n nn khng khi trnh c nhng thiu st trong qu trnh
tnh ton thit k. Mong qu thy c ch bo tn tnh gip mi sinh vin hon thin hn k
nng ca mnh.

Xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c!



PHN THIT K
I. Tnh thng s ng hc ca h dn ng:
1. Chn ng c in:
a. Xc nh cng sut:
T cc s liu: Lc ko dy cp: F = 2905 N
Vn tc ko cp: V = 0,99 m/s
Cng sut trn trc cng tc:
ct
F. V 2905.0, 99
P = 2, 88
1000 1000
= = (kW)
Cng sut ca ng c:
ct
dc
P
P =
q

q: Hiu sut b truyn:
1
n
i
i
q q
=
=
[

4 2
1
. . .
n
i d ol br k
i
q q q q q q
=
=> = =
[

Tra bng 2-1/27 ta c hiu sut ca:
B truyn ai
d
= 0,95 0,96 Chn
= 0,96
Cp ln
ol
= 0,99 0,995 Chn
ol
= 0,99
B truyn bnh rng tr
br
= 0,96 0,98 Chn
br
= 0,97
Khp ni
k
= 0,99 1 Chn
k
= 0,99
q = 0,96 . 0,99
4
. 0,97
2
. 0,99

= 0,86
Vy
ct
dc
P 2, 88
P 3, 35( )
0, 86
kW
q
> = =
b. Xc nh tc ng b:
n
s b
= n
cngtc .
u
s b
Vi
t t
= =
ct
60000 . 60000.0, 99
n = 26( / )
. .725
v
vong phut
D

D ng knh tang
M ta c u
s b
= u
sbHp .
u
sbNgoi
Tra bng 2-2/32 ta c:
u
sbHp
= 8 - 40 Chn u
sbHp
= 12,3 ( Hp khai trin )
u
sbNgoi
= 2 - 4 Chn u
sbNgoi
= 3 ( ai dt )
=> u
s b
= u
sbHp .
u
sbNgoi
= 12,3. 3 = 36,9
=> n
s b
= n
cngtc .
u
s b
= 26.36,9 = 959 (vong/phut)


c. Chn ng c:
T bng 2P/322 Chn ng c AO2-42-6 vi cc ch s nh sau:
( )
Cng sut P = 4,0 kW
vn tc quay: n = 960 /

Khi luong : 65 (kg)
Hiu sut : = 84,5%
vong phut
q
AO2 42 6
2. Phn phi t s truyn:
a. Xc nh chung:
960
36, 9
26
dc
chung
ct
n
u
n
= = =
M
.
36, 9
12, 3
3 3
chung Hop Ngoai
chung
Hop
Ngoai Ngoai
u u u
u
u
u u
=
=> = = =
`
=

)

b. Phn phi t s truyn:
to iu kin bi trn cc b truyn bnh rng trong hp gim tc ta chn
phng php bi trn du ta chn: u
1
= (1,2 1,3) . u
2

M

2
1 2 2
2
1 2
. 1, 2.
12, 3
3, 2
1, 2 1, 2
1, 2. 1, 2.3, 2 3, 84
Hop
Hop
u u u u
u
u
u u
= =
=> = = =
=> = = =

T s truyn ca
Ngoai dai
u u =
36, 9
3
12, 3
chung
Ngoai dai
hop
u
u u
u
= = = =
3. Tnh ton cc thng s ng hc :
a. Cng sut:
. 2905.0, 99
2,88( )
1000 1000
ct
FV
P kW = = =
3
2,88
2, 94( )
. 0, 99.0, 99
ct
k ot
P
P kW
q q
= = =
3
2
2, 94
3, 06( )
. 0, 99.0, 97
Br ol
P
P kW
q q
= = =
2
1
3, 06
3,19( )
. 0, 97.0, 99
Br ol
P
P kW
q q
= = =


' 1
3,19
3, 36( )
. 0, 96.0, 99
dc
d ol
P
P kW
q q
= = =
b. Tc quay:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
960 /
960
320 /
3
320
83, 3 /
3, 84
83, 3
26 /
3, 2
26 /
dc
dc
d
ct
n vong phut
n
n vong phut
u
n
n vong phut
u
n
n vong phut
u
n n vong phut
=
= = =
= = =
= = =
= =

c. Mmen xon trn trc:
6
9, 55.10
i
i
i
P
M
n
=
Mmen xon trn trc ng c:
( )
'
' 6 6
3, 36
9, 55.10 9, 55.10 33425 .
960
dc
dc
dc
P
M N mm
n
= = =
Mmen xon trn trc 1:
( )
6 6 1
1
1
3,19
9, 55.10 9, 55.10 95200 .
320
P
M N mm
n
= = =
Mmen xon trn trc 2:
( )
6 6 2
2
2
3, 06
9, 55.10 9, 55.10 350816 .
83, 3
P
M N mm
n
= = =
Mmen xon trn trc 3:
( )
6 6 3
3
3
2, 94
9, 55.10 9, 55.10 1079885 .
26
P
M N mm
n
= = =
Mmen xon trn trc cng tc:
( )
6 6
2, 88
9, 55.10 9, 55.10 1057846 .
26
ct
ct
ct
P
M N mm
n
= = =
Bng thng s ng hc:
ng c 1 2 3 Cng tc
P (kW) 3,36 3,19 3,06 2,94 2,88
u u
ai
= 3 u
1
= 3,84 u
2
= 3,2 u
k
= 1
n (vg/p) 960 320 83,3 26 26
M (N.mm) 33425

95200 350816 1079885 1057846



II. Tnh ton b truyn ngoi
B Truyn ai dt
Ta c:
Cng sut trn trc ng c: P
ngc
= 3,36 (kW)
Tc quay: n
ngc
= 960 (vong/phut)
T s truyn: u
ai
= 3
Mmen xon trn trc ng c: M
ng c
= 33425 (N.mm)
1. Chn loi ai
Chn loi ai vi cao su, v c sc bn v tnh n hi cao, t chu nh hng ca ca
nhit v m.
2. Xc nh ng knh bnh ai:
ng knh bnh ai nh:

3 3
1
3, 36
(1100 1300). (1100 1300). (167 197) [ ]
960
d
P
D mm
n
= = =
Trong : P Cng sut trn trc dn, kW.
n S vng quay trong 1 pht ca trc dn.
Theo bng 5-1/85 chn ng knh D
d1
= 180 (mm).
Vn tc vng:

1
. . .180.960
9 / (25 30) /
60.1000 60.1000
d
D n
v m s m s
t t
= = = s
Nm trong phm vi cho php.
Ly = 0,01
ng knh bnh ai ln:

2 1
. .(1 ) 3.180.(1 0, 01) 534, 6( )
d d
D u D mm = = =
Theo bng 5-1/85 chn ng knh D
d2
= 560 (mm)
S vng quay thc trong 1 pht ca bnh b dn:
1
1
2
180
' (1 ). . (1 0, 01). .960 305, 5( / )
560
d
dc
d
D
n n vong phut
D
= = =
Sai s v s vng quay so vi yu cu:

305, 5 320
4.5%
320
n

A = =
Sai s n nm trong phm vi cho php (3 5)%, do khng cn chn li D
d2
.



3. nh khong cch trc A v chiu di ai L:
Chiu di ti thiu ca ai:

min
ax
9
3( ) 3000( )
3
m
v
L m mm
u
= = = = [u
max
= (35)]
Ly L
min
= 3000 (mm)
Tnh A theo L
min
:

2 2
min 2 1 min 2 1 2 1
2. .( ) [2. .( )] 8.( )
8
d d d d d d
L D D L D D D D
A
t t + + +
=

2 2
2.3000 .(560 180) [2.3000 .(560 180)] 8.(560 180)
8
t t + + +
=
=899(mm)
Kim nghim iu kin: A 2.(D
d1
+ D
d2
)
899( ) 2.(180 560) 1480( ) A mm mm = < + =
Chn li A = 1480mm.

2 2
2 1
2 1
( ) (560 180)
2. .( ) 2.1480 .(560 180)
2 4. 2 2.1480
d d
d d
D D
L A D D
A
t t
= + + + = + + +
=4171(mm)
Ty theo cch ni ai, tng thm chiu di ai khong 100 400mm.
4. Kim nghim gc m trn bnh nh:
2 1
1
560 180
180 .57 180 .57 165 21' 150
1480
o o o o o o d d
D D
A
o

= = = >
iu kin c tha mn.
5. Xc nh tit din ai:
Chiu dy ai c chn theo t s
1
1
40
d
D
o
s theo bng 5-2/86:
Vy
1
180
4, 5( )
40 40
d
D
mm o s = =
Theo bng 5-3/87 chn ai vi cao su loi A c chiu dy = 4,5mm.
Ly ng sut cng ban u
o
= 1,8N/mm
2
, theo tr s
1
180
40
4, 5
d
D
o
s = tra trong bng
5-5/89 tm c [
p
]
o
= 2,25 N/mm
2
.
Cc h s:
C
t
= 0,9 H s xt n nh hng ca ch ti trng, tra bng 5-6/89.
C
= 0,95 H s xt n nh hng ca gc m, tra bng 5-7/90.



C
v
= 0,99 H s xt n nh hng ca vn tc, tra bng 5-8/90.
C
b
= 1 H s xt n s b tr b truyn, tra bng 5-9/91.
Chiu rng ca ai:

0
1000. 1000.3, 36
43, 56( )
. .[ ] . . . . 9.4, 5.2, 25.0, 9.0, 95.0, 99.1
p t v b
P
b mm
v C C C C
o
o o
> = =
Theo bng 5-4/88 chn chiu rng ca ai:
b = 45 (mm)
6. Xc nh chiu rng B ca bnh ai:
Theo bng 5-10/91 ng vi chiu rng ca ai b = 45 (mm) ta tm c:
Chiu rng B ca bnh ai: B = 60 (mm).
7. Xc nh lc cng ban u v lc tc dng ln trc
Lc cng ban u c tnh theo cng thc:
0 0
. . S b o o =
Trong :
= 4,5 Chiu dy ai, mm .
0
= 1,8 ng sut cng ban u, N/mm
2
.
b

= 45 Chiu rng ca ai, mm.
0 0
. . 1,8.45.4, 5 364, 5( ) S b N o o = = =
Lc tc dng ln trc c tnh theo cng thc:
1
165 21'
3. .sin 3.364, 5.sin 1085( )
2 2
o
o
R S N
o
~ = =
III. THIT K B TRUYN BNH RNG
1. Chn vt liu:
Vi c tnh ca ng c chn cng yu cu ca u bi ra v quan im thng nht
ha trong thit k nn ta chn vt liu 2 cp bnh rng nh nhau
C th theo bng 3-8/40 ta chn :
Bnh nh: thp 55 thng ha c
2 2
1 1
660 / , 330 /
b ch
N mm N mm o o = = .
HB
1
= 220. (Phi rn, gi thit ng knh phi di 100mm).
Bnh ln: thp 45 thng ha c
2 2
2 2
600 / , 300 /
b ch
N mm N mm o o = = .
HB
2
= 220. (Phi rn, gi thit ng knh phi di 100mm).
A. B truyn cp nhanh: Bnh tr rng thng, t s truyn u
1
= 3,84
2. Xc nh ng sut cho php:


a. ng sut tip xc cho php:
S chu k tng ng:
3
max
60. . . .
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
= E
|
\ .

trong :
u S ln n khp ca 1 rng khi bnh rng quay 1 vng.
M
i
; n
i
; T
i
Momen xon, s vng quay trong mt pht v tng s gi bnh
rng lm vic ch i.
M
max
Momen xon ln nht tc dng ln bnh rng.
N
o
S chu k c s ng cong mi tip xc.
k
N
H s chu k ng sut tip xc.

S chu k lm vic tng ng ca bnh nh:

3
3 3 6
1
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .320.(6.285.14) 177.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 177.10
6
> N
o
= 10
7
=> k
N1
= 1
S chu k lm vic tng ng ca bnh ln:

3
3 3 6
2
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .83, 3.(6.285.14) 46.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 46.10
6
> N
o
= 10
7
=> k
N2
= 1
Tra theo bng 3-9/43 c: []
Notx
= 2,6HB
[]
tx
= []
Notx
. k
N

ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh ln:
[]
tx2
= []
Notx
. k
N2
= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

2
)
ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh nh:
[]
tx1
= []
Notx
. k
N1
= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

2
)
tnh ng sut bn ta dng tr s nh l:
[]
tx
= []
tx2
= []
tx1
= 572 (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tip xc cho php khi qu ti:
| | ( )
2
2
ax
2, 8. 2, 8.300 840 N/ mm
tx ch
m
o o = = =

b. ng sut un cho php:
S chu k tng ng:
max
60. . . .
m
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
= E
|
\ .


6
6 6 6
1
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .320.(6.285.14) 177.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 177.10
6
> N
o
= 5.10
6
=> k
N1
= 1

6
6 6 6
2
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .83, 3.(6.285.14) 46.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 46.10
6
> N
o
= 5.10
6
=> k
N2
= 1
N
o
S chu k c s ca ng cong mi un.
k
N
H s chu k ng sut un.

m Bc ng cong mi un, ly m= 6 i vi thp thng ho.
u S ln n khp ca mt rng khi bnh rng quay 1 vng.


Gii hn mi un ca thp 55:
-1
= 0,4.
b1
= 0,4.660 = 264 (N/mm
2
)
-1
= 0,4.
b2
= 0,4.600 = 240 (N/mm
2
)
H s an ton n= 1,5; H s tp trung ng sut chn rng K
= 1,8.
V ng sut un thay i theo chu k mch ng nn tnh ng sut un cho php bng
cng thc sau:
| |
( )
1 0
1, 4 1, 6 . . '' . ''
. .
N N
u
K K
n K n K
o o
o o
o

= ~
Bnh nh: | |
1
1, 5.264
146, 7
1, 5.1,8
u
o = = (N/mm
2
)
Bnh ln: | |
2
1, 5.240
133, 3
1, 5.1,8
u
o = = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un cho php khi qu ti:
| | ( )
2
1 1
ax
0,8. 0, 8.330 264 N/ mm
u ch
m
o o = = =
| | ( )
2
2 2
ax
0,8. 0, 8.300 240 N / mm
u ch
m
o o = = =

3. Chn s b h s ti trng K:

K
sb
= K
tt
.K
d
= 1,3
Vi: K
tt
H s tp trung ti trng
K
d
H s ti trng ng

4. Chn h s chiu rng bnh rng
A

i vi b truyn bnh rng tr:
b
A
=
A

Vi: A; b Khong cch trc v chiu di rng [mm]
Chn
A
= 0,3

5. Tnh s b khong cch trc:
( )
| |
2
6
3
2
1, 05.10 .
1 . .
. .
A
tx
K P
A u
u n o
| |
> |
|
\ .

Vi: P Cng sut b truyn

A
H s chiu rng bnh rng
n
2
S vng quay trong 1 pht ca bnh b dn

( )
2
6
3
1, 05.10 1, 3.3,19
3,84 1 . 162, 6( )
572.3, 84 0, 3.83, 3
A mm
| |
> + =
|
\ .

Chn A
sb
= 163 (mm)

6. Tnh vn tc vng v ca bnh rng v chn cp chnh xc ch to bnh rng:

Vn tc vng ca bnh rng tr:

1 1 1
2. . . . . 2. .163.320
1,13( / )
60.1000 60.1000.( 1) 60.1000.(3,84 1)
sb
A n d n
v m s
u
t t t
= = = =
+ +

Theo bng 3-11/46 chn cp chnh xc 9 ch to bnh rng.


7. nh chnh xc h s ti trng K v khong cch trc A

Ta c:
1 3, 84 1
. 0, 3. 0, 726
2 2
d A
u

+ +
= = =
Vi 0, 726
d
= tra bng 3-12/47 c: K
tt bang
= 1,1.
1
1,1 1
1, 05
2 2
ttbang
tt
K
K
+
+
= = =
Vi cp chnh xc 9 v vn tc vng v = (13) m/s tra bng 3-13/48 tm c:
K
d
= 1,45
Vy h s tp trung ti trng K = K
tt
.K
d
= 1,05.1,45 = 1,523 khc nhiu so vi tr s d
on (K= 1,3) nn cn tnh li khong cch trc A.
3 3
1, 523
. 163. 171, 8( )
1, 3
sb
sb
K
A A mm
K
= = =
Ly chnh xc A = 172 (mm)

8. Xc nh mun, s rng v chiu rng bnh rng:

Mun:
(0, 01 0, 02). (0, 01 0, 02).172 (1, 72 3, 44)( ) m A mm = = =
Tra 3-1/34 ly m = 2,5 (mm)
S rng bnh nh:

1
2. 2.172
28, 43
.( 1) 2, 5.(3, 84 1)
A
Z
m u
= = =
+ +

Ly Z
1
= 28
S rng bnh ln:
Z
2
= u.Z
1
= 3,84.28 = 107,52
Ly Z
2
= 108
Chiu rng bnh rng:
b =
A
.A = 0,3.172 = 51,6 (mm)
Ly b = 52 (mm)

9. Kim nghim sc bn un ca rng:

i vi bnh rng tr rng thng:
td
Z Z =
Bnh nh:
1 1
28
td
Z Z = =
Bnh ln:
2 2
108
td
Z Z = =
H s dng rng tra bng 3-18/52:
Bnh nh: y
1
= 0,442
Bnh ln: y
2
= 0,517
Kim nghim ng sut un theo cng thc : | |
6
2
19,1.10 . .
. . . .
u
u
K P
y m Z nb
o o = s

Bnh nh:

6
2
1 2
19,1.10 .1, 523.3,19
72( / )
0, 442.2, 5 .28.320.52
u
N mm o = =

| |
2
1
1
146, 7( / )
u
u
N mm o o s =


Bnh ln:

2 1
2 1
2
0, 442
. 72. 61, 6( / )
0, 517
u u
y
N mm
y
o o = = =

| |
2
2
2
133, 3( / )
u
u
N mm o o s =

10. Kim nghim sc bn ca rng khi chu qu ti t ngt trong thi gian ngn.

Kim nghim sc bn tip xc:
| |
3
6
ax
2
( 1) . . .
1, 05.10
. .
. .
qt
txqt tx qt tx
m
u K P K
K
Au b n
o o o
+
= = s

6 3
1, 05.10 (3,84 1) .1, 523.3,19.1, 8
.
172.3,84 52.83, 3
+
=

| |
2 2
ax
760( / ) 840( / )
tx
m
N mm N mm o = s =
H s qu ti K
qt
= 1,8 ; ng sut tip xc qu ti nh hn tr s cho php i vi bnh ln
v bnh nh.
Kim nghim sc bn un:
| |
max
.
uqt u qt u
K o o o = s
Bnh nh:
| |
2 2
1 1
max
72.1, 8 130( / ) 264( / )
uqt u
N mm N mm o o = = s =
Bnh ln:
| |
2 2
2 2
max
61, 6.1,8 111( / ) 240( / )
uqt u

11. Cc thng s ch yu ca b truyn:

Thng s
K
hiu
Cng thc tnh
Kt
qu
n
v
M un m 2,5 mm
T s truyn u 3,84
Khong cch trc A

172 mm
S bnh rng
Z
1
Z
2

28
108
Rng
Rng
Chiu rng bnh
rng
b
b
1

b
2
= b
1
- 5
52
46
mm
mm
ng knh vng
chia
d
d
1
=m.Z
1
d
2
=m.Z
2
70
270
mm
mm
ng knh vng
nh rng
d
a

d
a1
=d
1
+2.m

d
a2
=d
2
+2.m
75
275
mm
mm
ng knh vng
y rng
d
f

d
f1
=d
1
2,5.m
d
f2
=d
2
2,5.m
63,75
263,75
mm
mm



12. Tnh lc tc dng ln trc:

Lc vng:

6
1
2. 2.9, 55.10 .3,19
2720( )
70.320
x
t
M
F N
d
= = =
Lc hng tm:

1 1
. 2720. 20 990( )
o
r t
F F tg tg N o = = =
B. B truyn cp chm: Bnh tr rng nghing, t s truyn u
2
= 3,2
2. Xc nh ng sut cho php:
a) ng sut tip xc cho php:
S chu k tng ng:
3
max
60. . . .
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
= E
|
\ .

trong :
u S ln n khp ca 1 rng khi bnh rng quay 1 vng.
M
i
; n
i
; T
i
Momen xon, s vng quay trong mt pht v tng s gi bnh
rng lm vic ch i.
M
max
Momen xon ln nht tc dng ln bnh rng.
N
o
S chu k c s ng cong mi tip xc.
k
N
H s chu k ng sut tip xc.


3
3 3 6
1
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .320.(6.285.14) 177.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 177.10
6
> N
o
= 10
7
=> k
N1
= 1

3
3 3 6
2
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .83, 3.(6.285.14) 46.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 46.10
6
> N
o
= 10
7
=> k
N2
= 1
Tra theo bng 3-9/43 c: []
Notx
= 2,6HB
[]
tx
= []
Notx
. k
N

ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh ln:
[]
tx2
= []
Notx
. k
N2
= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

2
)
ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh nh:
[]
tx1
= []
Notx
. k
N1
= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

2
)
tnh ng sut bn ta dng tr s nh l:
[]
tx
= []
tx2
= []
tx1
= 572 (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tip xc cho php khi qu ti:
| | ( )
2
2
ax
2, 8. 2, 8.300 840 N/ mm
tx ch
m
o o = = =

b) ng sut un cho php:
S chu k tng ng:
max
60. . . .
m
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
= E
|
\ .



6
6 6 6
1
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .320.(6.285.14) 177.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 177.10
6
> N
o
= 5.10
6
=> k
N1
= 1
6
6 6 6
2
max
3 3
60. . . . 60.1. 1 . 0, 3 . .83, 3.(6.285.14) 46.10
8 8
i
td i i
M
N u n T
M
| |
| |
= E = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

N
td1
= 46.10
6
> N
o
= 5.10
6
=> k
N2
= 1
N
o
S chu k c s ca ng cong mi un.
k
N
H s chu k ng sut un.

m Bc ng cong mi un, ly m= 6 i vi thp thng ho.
u S ln n khp ca mt rng khi bnh rng quay 1 vng.
-1
= 0,4.
b1
= 0,4.660 = 264 (N/mm
2
)
-1
= 0,4.
b2
= 0,4.600 = 240 (N/mm
2
)
H s an ton n= 1,5; H s tp trung ng sut chn rng K
= 1,8.
V ng sut un thay i theo chu k mch ng nn tnh ng sut un cho php bng
cng thc sau:

| |
( )
1 0
1, 4 1, 6 . . '' . ''
. .
N N
u
K K
n K n K
o o
o o
o

= ~
Bnh nh: | |
1
1, 5.264
146, 7
1, 5.1,8
u
o = = (N/mm
2
)
Bnh ln: | |
2
1, 5.240
133, 3
1, 5.1,8
u
o = = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un cho php khi qu ti:
| | ( )
2
1 1
ax
0,8. 0, 8.330 264 N/ mm
u ch
m
o o = = =
| | ( )
2
2 2
ax
0,8. 0, 8.300 240 N/ mm
u ch
m
o o = = =

3. Chn s b h s ti trng K:

K
sb
= K
tt
.K
d
= 1,3
Vi: K
tt
H s tp trung ti trng
K
d
H s ti trng ng

4. Chn h s chiu rng bnh rng
A

i vi b truyn bnh rng tr:
b
A
=
A

Vi: A; b Khong cch trc v chiu dy rng [mm]
Chn
A
= 0,3

5. Tn s b khong cch trc:

( )
| |
2
6
3
2
1, 05.10 .
1 .
. . ' .
A
tx
K P
A u
u n o u
| |
> |
|
\ .

Vi: P Cng sut b truyn

A
H s chiu rng bnh rng


n
2
S vng quay trong 1 pht ca bnh b dn
H s phn nh s tng kh nng ti
Chn = 1,25
( )
2
6
3
1, 05.10 1, 3.3, 06
3, 2 1 . . 215( )
572.3, 2 0, 3.1, 25.26
A mm
| |
> + =
|
\ .

Chn A
sb
= 215 (mm)

6. Tnh vn tc vng v ca bnh rng v chn cp chnh xc ch to bnh rng:

Vn tc vng ca bnh rng tr:

1 1 1
2. . . . . 2. .215.83, 3
0, 45( / )
60.1000 60.1000.( 1) 60.1000.(3, 2 1)
sb
A n d n
v m s
u
t t t
= = = =
+ +

Theo bng 3-11/46 chn cp chnh xc 9 ch to bnh rng.

7. nh chnh xc h s ti trng K v khong cch trc A

Ta c:
1 3, 2 1
. 0, 3. 0, 63
2 2
d A
u

+ +
= = =
Vi 0, 63
d
= tra bng 3-12/47 c: K
ttbang
= 1,08
1
1, 08 1
1, 04
2 2
ttbang
tt
K
K
+
+
= = =
Gi s
2, 5.
sin
n
m
b
|
> , cp chnh xc 9 v vn tc vng v < 3 m/s tra bng 3-14/48 tm c:
K
d
= 1,2.
Vy h s tp trung ti trng K=K
tt
.K
d
= 1,04.1,2 = 1,248 khng khc nhiu so vi tr s
d on (K= 1,3) nn khng cn tnh li khong cch trc A.
Ly chnh xc A = 215 (mm)

8. Xc nh mun, s rng v chiu rng bnh rng v gc nghing ca rng:

Mun php:
(0, 01 0, 02). (0, 01 0, 02).215 (2,15 4, 3)( )
n
m A mm = = =
Tra 3-1/34 ly m
n
= 3 (mm)
S b chn gc nghing = 10
o
; cos =0,985
S rng bnh nh:

1
2. . os 2.215.0, 985
33, 6
.( 1) 3.(3, 2 1)
n
Ac
Z
m u
|
= = =
+ +

Ly Z
1
= 34
S rng bnh ln:
Z
2
= u.Z
1
= 3,2.34 = 108,8
Ly Z
2
= 108
Tnh chnh xc gc nghing

1 2
( ). (34 108).3
os 0, 99
2. 2.215
n
Z Z m
c
A
|
+ +
= = =
8
o
| =
Chiu rng bnh rng:


b =
A
.A = 0,3.225 = 64,5 (mm)
Ly b = 65 (mm)
Chiu rng b tha mn diu kin:
2, 5. 2, 5.3
54( )
sin sin8
n
o
m
b mm
|
> = =

9. Kim nghim sc bn un ca rng:

i vi bnh rng tr rng thng:
2
os
td
Z
Z
c |
=
Bnh nh:
1
1 2 2
34
35
s 0, 99
td
Z
Z
co |
= = =
Bnh ln:
2
2 2 2
108
110
s 0, 99
td
Z
Z
co |
= = =
H s dng rng tra bng 3-18/52:
Bnh nh: y
1
= 0,464
Bnh ln: y
2
= 0,517
Chn '' 1, 5 u =
Kim nghim ng sut un theo cng thc : | |
6
2
19,1.10 . .
. . . . . ''
u
u
K P
y m Z n b
o o
u
= s

Bnh nh:

6
2
1 2
19,1.10 .1, 248.3, 06
63( / )
0, 464.3 .34.83, 3.65.1, 5
u
N mm o = =

| |
2
1
1
146, 7( / )
u
u
N mm o o s =
Bnh ln:

2 1
2 1
2
0, 464
. 63. 56, 5( / )
0, 517
u u
y
N mm
y
o o = = =
| |
2
2
2
133, 3( / )
u
u
N mm o o s =

10. Kim nghim sc bn ca rng khi chu qu ti t ngt trong thi gian ngn.

Kim nghim sc bn tip xc:
| |
3
6
ax
2
( 1) . . .
1, 05.10
. .
. . . '
qt
txqt tx qt tx
m
u K P K
K
Au b n
o o o
u
+
= = s

6 3
1, 05.10 (3, 2 1) .1, 248.3, 06.1,8
.
215.3, 2 65.26.1, 25
+
=

| |
2 2
ax
749( / ) 840( / )
tx
m
N mm N mm o = s =
H s qu ti K
qt
= 1,8 ; ng sut tip xc qu ti nh hn tr s cho php i vi bnh ln
v bnh nh.
Kim nghim sc bn un:

| |
max
.
uqt u qt u
K o o o = s
Bnh nh: | |
2 2
1 1
max
63.1, 8 113( / ) 264( / )
uqt u
Bnh ln: | |
2 2
2 2
max
24.56, 5 102( / ) 240( / )
uqt u


11. Cc thng s ch yu ca b truyn:

Thng s
K
hiu
Cng thc tnh
Kt
qu
n
v
M un m
n
3 mm
T s truyn u 3,2
Khong cch trc A

215 mm
Gc nghing

8
o

S bnh rng
Z
1
Z
2

34
108
Rng
Rng
Chiu rng bnh
rng
b
b
1

b
2
= b
1
- 5
65
59
mm
mm
ng knh vng
chia
d
d
1
=m.Z
1
d
2
=m.Z
2
102
324
mm
mm
ng knh vng
nh rng
d
a

d
a1
=d
1
+2.m

d
a2
=d
2
+2.m
108
330
mm
mm
ng knh vng
y rng
d
f

d
f1
=d
1
2,5.m
d
f2
=d
2
2,5.m
94,5
316,5
mm
mm

12. Tnh lc tc dng ln trc:
Lc vng:

6 6
2
2. 2.9, 55.10 . 2.9, 55.10 .3, 06
6879( )
. 83, 3.102
x
t
M P
F N
d n d
= = = =
Lc hng tm:

1
2
. 6879. 20
2528( )
os cos8
o
t
r o
F tg tg
F N
c
o
|
= = =
Lc dc trc:

2 2
. 6879. 8 967( )
o
a t
F F tg tg N | = = =
IV. THIT K TRC V THEN
A. Thit k trc
1. Chn vt liu:
Chn thp 45 c: rn = (170220)HB ;
b
= 600 MPa ;
c
= 360MPa ; thng ha.



2. Tnh ng knh s b ca trc:
Theo cng thc
3
.
P
d C
n
> .
Trong :
C H s ph thuc ng sut xon cho php, i vi u trc vo v trc
truyn chung c th ly C = 120
P Cng sut truyn, [kW]
n S vng quay trong 1 pht ca trc
- Trc I: P = 3,19 [kW] ; n = 320 [vg/ph]
3
3,19
120. 26( )
320
I
d mm > =
- Trc II: P = 3,06 [kW] ; n = 83,3 [vg/ph]
3
3, 06
120. 40( )
83, 3
II
d mm > =
- Trc III: P = 2,94 [kW] ; n = 26,1 [vg/ph]
3
2, 94
120. 58( )
26
III
d mm > =
chun b cho bc tnh gn ng, trong 3 tr s d
I
; d
II
; d
III
trn ta chn tr s d
II
=
40 [mm] chn loi bi c trung bnh, tra bng 14P/339 ta c c chiu rng ca B
= 23 [mm].

3. Tnh gn ng trc:

tnh gn ng ta xt tc dng ng thi ca cc mmen un, mmen xon n sc
bn ca trc. Tr s mmen xon bit, ch cn tnh tr s mmen un.
Ta chn cc kch thc sau:
- Khong cch gia cc chi tit quay: c = 10 mm.
- Khong cch t mt cnh chi tit quay ti thnh trong ca hp: a = 12 mm.
- Khong cch t cnh n thnh trong ca hp: l
2
= 10 mm.
- Chiu cao ca np v u bulng: l
3
= 16 mm
- Khong cch t np n mt bn bnh ai: l
4
= 15 mm.
- Chiu rng bnh rng: b
I
= 52 mm ; b
II
= 65 mm
- Chiu rng bnh ai:B
dai
= 60 mm.
- Chiu rng ca ln: B = 23 mm.
- Khe h gia trc v bnh rng: l
7
= 20 mm
- Chiu di phn may lp vi trc: l
5
= 60 mm



TRC I:

5
1 4 3
60 23
15 16 72, 5( )
2 2 2 2
I
l B
L l l mm = + + + = + + + =
2 2
23 52
10 12 59, 5( )
2 2 2 2
I
I
b B
L l a mm = + + + = + + + =
3 2
52 23
10 65 12 10 134, 5( )
2 2 2 2
I
I II
b B
L c b a l mm = + + + + + = + + + + + =
Lc tc dng: R = 1085N
F
t1
= 2720N
F
r1
= 990N
d
1
= 70mm

Tnh phn lc cc gi trc:

1 1 2 3 2
. . .( ) 0
y I r I By I I
mA R L F L R L L = + + =

1 1 2
3 2
. . 1085.72, 5 990.59, 5
709( )
59, 5 134, 5
I r I
By
I I
R L F L
R N
L L
+ +
= = =
+ +

1
1085 709 990 804( )
Ay By r
R R R F N = + = + =

2 3 1 2
.( ) . 0
x Bx I I t I
mA R L L F L = + =

1 2
2 3
. 2720.59, 5
834( )
59, 5 134, 5
t I
Bx
I I
F L
R N
L L
= = =
+ +

1
2720 834 1886( )
Ax t Bx
R F R N = = =

Tnh momen un tit din nguy him:
Tit din n-n:

/ 1
. 1085.72, 5 78663( . )
u n n I
M R L N mm
= = =
Tit din m-m:

2 2
/ u m m uy ux
M M M
= +

3
. 709.134, 5 95361( . )
uy By I
M R L N mm = = =

3
. 834.134, 5 112173( . )
ux Bx I
M R L N mm = = =

2 2
/
95361 112173 147229( . )
u m m
M N mm
= + =


Biu momen:

R
RBx
RBy
Fr1
Ft1
RAx
RAy
n
n
m
m
LI1 LI2 LI3
Moy (N.mm)
95361 78663
112173
95200
Mox (N.mm)
Moz (N.mm)
B
A

Tnh ng knh trc 2 tit din n-n v m-m:
3 ,
0,1.[ ]
td
M
d mm
o
>
Vi :
2 2
0, 75.
td u x
M M M = +
M
x
, M
u
Momen un xon tt din tnh ton, N.mm

2
[ ] 50[ / ] N mm o = (tra bng 7-2/119)
ng knh trc tit din n-n:

2 2
78663 0, 75.95200 113952( . )
td
M N mm = + =
3
113952
28, 35( )
0,1.50
n n
d mm
> =
ng knh trc tit din m-m:

2 2
147229 0, 75.95200 168741( . )
td
M N mm = + =


3
168741
32, 3( )
0,1.50
m m
d mm
> =
Ly d
n-n
= 30 (mm) ng knh lp ln, ng knh u trc ra d
ra
= 28(mm),
d
m-m
= 35 (mm) do on trc ny c lm rnh then c nh bnh rng theo phng
tip tuyn. Nhng tr s chn ph hp vi tiu chun.

TRC II:
1 2
23 52
10 12 59, 5( )
2 2 2 2
I
II
b B
L l a mm = + + + = + + + =
2
52 65
10 68, 5( )
2 2 2 2
I II
II
b b
L c mm = + + = + + =
3 2
65 23
12 10 66( )
2 2 2 2
II
II
b B
L a l mm = + + + = + + + =
Lc tc dng: Bnh nh Bnh ln
F
t1
= 6879N F
t2
= 2720N
F
r1
= 2528N F
r2
= 990N
F
a1
= 967N d
2
= 270mm
d
1
= 102mm

1
2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1
. .( ) .( ) . 0
2
y r II r II II Dy II II II a
d
mC F L F L L R L L L F = + + + + + =

1
1 1 2 2 1 1
1 2 3
102
.( ) . . 2528.(59, 5 68, 5) 990.59, 5 967.
2 2
59, 5 68, 5 66
r II II r II a
Dy
II II II
d
F L L F L F
R
L L L
+ +
= =
+ + + +

=1110(N)

1 2
2528 1110 990 428( )
Cy r Dy r
R F R F N = = =

2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3
. .( ) .( ) 0
x t II t II II Dx II II II
mC F L F L L R L L L = + + + + =

2 1 1 1 2
1 2 3
. .( ) 2720.59, 5 6879.(59, 5 68, 5)
5373( )
59, 5 68, 5 66
t II t II II
Dx
II II II
F L F L L
R N
L L L
+ + + +
= = =
+ + + +

2 1
2720 6879 5373 4226( )
Cx t t Dx
R F F R N = + = + =
Tit din i-i:

2 2
/ u i i uy ux
M M M
= +


1
. 428.59, 5 25466( . )
uy Cy II
M R L N mm = = =

1
. 4226.59, 5 251447( . )
ux Cx II
M R L N mm = = =

2 2
/
25466 251447 252733( . )
u i i
M N mm
= + =
Tit din j-j:

2 2
/ u j j uy ux
M M M
= +

1
3 1
102
. . 1110.66 967. 122577( . )
2 2
uy Dy II a
d
M R L F N mm = + = + =

3
. 5373.66 354618( . )
ux Dx II
M R L N mm = = =

2 2
/
122577 354618 375205( . )
u j j
M N mm
= + =
Biu momen:
RDx
RDy
Fr1
Ft1
RCx
RCy
i
i
j
j
Moy (N.mm)
Mox (N.mm)
Moz (N.mm)
Fa1
C
D
Fr2
Ft2
LII3 LII2 LII1
350816
354618 251447
122577
25466



Tnh ng knh trc 2 tit din i-i v j-j:
3 ,
0,1.[ ]
td
M
d mm
o
>
Vi :
2 2
0, 75.
td u x
M M M = +
M
x
, M
u

2
[ ] 50[ / ] N mm o = (tra bng 7-2/119)
ng knh trc tit din i-i:

2 2
252733 0, 75.350816 395193( . )
td
M N mm = + =
3
395193
43( )
0,1.50
i i
d mm
> =
ng knh trc tit din j-j:

2 2
375205 0, 75.350816 482786( . )
td
M N mm = + =
3
482786
46( )
0,1.50
j j
d mm
> =
Ly d
i-i
= d
j-j
=50 (mm) do on trc ny c lm rnh then c nh bnh
rng theo phng tip tuyn, ng knh lp ln d = 45 (mm). Nhng tr s chn
ph hp vi tiu chun.

TRC III:
u trc ra ca trc III lp vi na khp ni, nhng n gin php tnh ta
b qua lc P
k
.

1 2
23 65
10 12 52 10 128( )
2 2 2 2
II
III I
b B
L l a b c mm = + + + + + = + + + + + =
2 2
65 23
12 10 66( )
2 2 2 2
II
III
b B
L a l mm = + + + = + + + =

Lc tc dng: F
t1
= 6879N
F
r1
= 2528N
F
a1
= 967N
d
1
= 324mm




1
1 1 1 1 2
. . .( ) 0
2
y r III a Fy III III
d
mE F L F R L L = + + =

1
1 1 1
1 2
324
. . 2528.128 967.
2 2
128 66
r III a
Fy
III III
d
F L F
R
L L
+ +
= =
+ +

=2475(N)

1
2528 2475 53( )
Ey r Fy
R F R N = = =

1 1 1 2
. .( ) 0
x t III Fx III III
mE F L R L L = + =

1 1
1 2
. 6879.128
4539( )
128 66
t III
Fx
III III
F L
R N
L L
= = =
+ +

1
6879 4539 2340( )
Ex t Fx
R F R N = = =

Tit din k-k:

2 2
/ u k k uy ux
M M M
= +

1
1 2
324
. 967. 2475.66 320000( . )
2 2
uy a Fy III
d
M F R L N mm = + = + =

2
. 4539.66 299574( . )
ux Fx III
M R L N mm = = =

2 2
/
320000 299574 438343( . )
u k k
M N mm
= + =



Biu momen:
RFx
RFy
REx
REy
k
k
Moy (N.mm)
Mox (N.mm)
Moz (N.mm)
E F
LIII2 LIII1
Fa1
Ft1
Fr1
1079885
299574
163438

Tnh ng knh trc tit din k-k:
3 ,
0,1.[ ]
td
M
d mm
o
>
Vi :
2 2
0, 75.
td u x
M M M = +
M
x
, M
u

2
[ ] 50[ / ] N mm o = (tra bng 7-2/119)
ng knh trc tit din k-k:

2 2
438343 0, 75.1079885 1032840( . )
td
M N mm = + =
3
1032840
59,1( )
0,1.50
k k
d mm
> =


Ly d
k-k
= 65 (mm) do on trc ny c lm rnh then c nh bnh rng
theo phng tip tuyn, ng knh lp ln d = 60 (mm), ng knh u trc ra
d = 60 (mm). Nhng tr s chn ph hp vi tiu chun.
4. Tnh chnh xc trc:
H s an ton c tnh theo cng thc:

2 2
.
[ ]
n n
n n
n n
o t
o t
= >
+

Trong :
n
H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut php

1
. .
.
a m
n
k
o
o
o
o
o
o o
c |
=
+

n
H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut tip

1
. .
.
a m
n
k
t
t
t
t
t
t t
c |
=
+

Trong cc cng thc trn :

-1
v
-1
Gii hn mi un v xon ng vi chu k i xng
C th ly gn ng:

-1
= (0,4 0,5).
b
= 0,45.600 = 270 (N/mm
2
)

-1
= (0,2 0,3).
b
= 0,25.600 = 150 (N/mm
2
)

a
v
a
Bin ng sut php v tip sinh ra trong tit din ca trc

ax min
2
m
a
o o
o

=

ax min
2
m
a
t t
t

=

m
v
m
Tr s trung bnh ca ng sut php v tip

ax min
2
m
m
o o
o
+
=

ax min
2
m
m
t t
t
+
=
V trc quay nn ng sut un thay i theo chu k i xng

ax in
W
u
a m m
M
o o o = = =

m
= 0
B truyn lm vic 1 chiu nn ng sut xon thay i theo chu k mch ng


ax
2 2.W
m x
a m
o
M t
t t = = =
Trong : W v W
o
l momen cn un v momen cn xon ca tit
din trc

2 2 2 2
. . .( ) . . .( )
W ; W
32 2. 16 2.
o
d b t d t d b t d t
d d
t t
= =

H s xt n nh hng ca tr s ng sut trung bnh n sc bn mi

1 0 1 0
0 0
2. 2.
;
o t
o o t t

o t

= =
i vi thp cacbon trung bnh:
= 0,15 ;
= 0,05

k
o
o
c
Tra bng 7-10/128
1 0, 6. 1
k k
t o
t o
c c
| |
= +
|
\ .

H s tng bn b mt trc
= 1
[n] H s an ton cho php
[n] = (1,5 2,5)
i vi trc I:
Tit din
Thng s
m-m
d [mm] 35
b [mm] 10
M
x
[Nmm] 95200
M
u
[Nmm] 147229
W [mm
3
] 3660
W
0
[mm
3
] 7870
a
40,23
a
=
m
6,05
k
o
o
c

2,65
k
t
t
c

1,99
n

2,53
n
12,15
n 2,48
Cc thng s ca trc m bo an ton



i vi trc II:
Tit din
Thng s
j-j
d [mm] 50
b [mm] 16
M
x
[Nmm] 350816
M
u
[Nmm] 375205
W [mm
3
] 10650
W
0
[mm
3
] 22900
a
35,23
a
=
m
7,66
k
o
o
c

3,3
k
t
t
c

2,38
n
2,32
n
8,06
n 2,23

i vi trc III:
Tit din
Thng s
k-k
d [mm] 65
b [mm] 20
M
x
[Nmm] 1079885
M
u
[Nmm] 438346
W [mm
3
] 24300
W
0
[mm
3
] 51200
a
18,04
a
=
m
10,55
k
o
o
c

3,5
k
t
t
c

2,5
n
4,28
n
5,58
n 3,4
Cc thng s ca trc m bo an ton



5. Khp ni trc:

Ni trc c dng ni c nh cc trc, ch khi no dng my, tho ni trc th cc
trc mi ri nhau. Ni trc c chia ra lm cc loi: ni trc cht, ni trc b v ni trc
n hi.
Trong ni trc n hi hai na ni trc ni vi nhau bng b phn n hi. Nh c b
phn n hi cho nn ni trc n hi c kh nng gim va p v chn ng, phng
cng hng do dao ng xon gy nn v b li lch trc. y chn ni trc vng n
hi.
Ni trc vng n hi cu to n gin, d ch to v gi r, do c dng kh rng
ri.
Chn vt liu lm ni trc: thp rn 35; vt liu ch to cht: thp 45 thng ho.
Mmen tnh:
. ( . )
t t
M K M N mm =
Trong : K H s ti trng ng tra (bng 9-1/222)
Chn K = 1,2 => M
t
= 1,2.1079885 = 1295862[N.mm] = 1296[N.m]
Cc kch thc ca ni trc trc III:

Mmen
xon
[Nm]
d D d
0
l
(khng
qu)
c
Cht
Vng n
hi
n
max

[vg/ph]
d
c
l
c
Ren
S
cht
Z
ng
knh
ngoi
l
v
1100 60 220 36 142 2-6 18 42 M12 10 35 36 2650

iu kin v sc bn dp ca vng n hi:

2
0
2.
( / )
. . .
t
d
v c
M
N mm
Z D l D
o =
Trong :
Z S cht
D
0
ng knh vng trn qua tm cc cht
D
0
= D d
0
(10 20)mm
= 220 36 15 = 169 [mm]
d
0
ng knh l lp cht bc vng n hi;
d
c
ng knh cht;
l
v
Chiu di ton b ca vng n hi;
[]
d
ng sut dp cho php ca vng cao su; []
d
= (23) [N/mm
2
]

| |
3
2 2
2.1296.10
2, 37 ( / ) (2 3)[ / ]
10.169.36.18
d
d
iu kin v sc bn un ca cht:

| |
3
0
. .
0,1. . .
x c
u
u
c
K M l
Z d D
o o = s
Trong :
l
c
Chiu di cht;
[]
u
ng sut un cho php ca cht; ly
| |
2
70 ( / )
u
N mm o =
| |
3
2 2
3
1296.10 .42
55( / ) 70( / )
0,1.10.18 .169
u
u


Vy cc kch thc ca ni trc tho mn iu kin bn un v bn dp.
Phn lc ti khp ni c b qua. ( 0
k
P ~ )

B. Tnh Then
Trc I:
ng knh trc lp then l: d = 35 mm ; tra (bng 7-23/143) tm c:
b = 10 mm h = 8 mm
t = 4,5 mm t
1
= 3,6 mm
k = 4,2 M
x
= 95200[Nmm]
Chiu di then: l = 0,8.1,4.d = 0,8.1,4.35 = 39,2 [mm]
ng sut dp cho php: | |
2
100( / )
d
N mm o =
Kim nghim sc bn dp theo cng thc:

| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
d
d
M
N mm
d k l
o o = s

2.95200
33
35.4, 2.39, 2
d
o = = [N/mm
2
] < []
d
ng sut ct cho php: | |
2
87 ( / )
c
N mm t =
Kim nghim v sc bn ct theo cng thc:
| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
c
c
M
N mm
d b l
t t = s

2.95200
13,88
35.10.39, 2
c
t = = [N/mm
2
] < []
c

Trc II:
Ti tit din i-i v j-j
ng knh trc lp then l: 50 mm; Tra (bng 7-23/143) tm c:
b = 16 mm h = 10 mm
t = 5 mm t
1
= 5,1 mm
k = 6,2 M
x
= 350816 [Nmm]
Chiu di then: l = 0,8.1,5.50 = 60 [mm]
ng sut dp cho php: | |
2
100( / )
d
N mm o =
| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
d
d
M
N mm
d k l
o o = s

2.350816
38
50.6, 2.60
d
o = = [N/mm
2
] < []
d

ng sut ct cho php:
| |
2
87 ( / )
c
N mm t =
| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
c
c
M
N mm
d b l
t t = s

2.350816
15
50.16.60
c
t = = [N/mm
2
] < []
c

Trc III:
ng knh trc lp then l: d = 65 mm; tra (bng 7-23/143) tm c:
b = 18 mm h = 11 mm


t = 5,5 mm t
1
= 5,6 mm
k = 6,8 M
x
= 1079885 [Nmm]
Chiu di then: l = 0,8.1,2.65 = 62,4 [mm]
ng sut dp cho php:
| |
2
100( / )
d
N mm o =
| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
d
d
M
N mm
d k l
o o = s

2.1079885
78
65.6,8.62, 4
d
o = = [N/mm
2
] < []
d

ng sut ct cho php:
| |
2
87 ( / )
c
N mm t =
| |
2
2.
, /
. .
x
c
c
M
N mm
d b l
t t = s
2.1079885
30
65.18.62, 4
c
t = = [N/mm
2
] < []
c

V. TNH CHN LN
1. Chn loi ln:
H s kh nng lm vic ca :
( )
0,3
. .
bang
C Q n h C = s
Trong : Q Ti trng tng ng, [daN]
n S vng quay ca , [vong/phut]
h Thi gian phc v, [gi]
( ) . . . .
v n t
Q K R m A K K = +
Trong : R Ti trng hng tm
A
t
Tng i s cc lc dc trc
m H s chuyn ti trng dc trc v ti trng hng tm; ( bng 8-2/161)
K
t
= 1,1 : h s ti trng ng; (tra bng 8-3/162)
K
n
= 1 : h s nhit ; (tra bng 8-4/162)
K
v
= 1 : h s xt n vng no ca l vng quay; (tra bng 8-5/162)

TRC I:
Do khng c lc dc trc F
a
nn ta chn bi 1 dy cho cc gi ca trc I.
FrA FrB

Vi: A

= 0 ; h = 6.285.14 = 23940 (gi) ; n = 320 (vong/phut)

Ax
2 2 2 2
1886 804 2050( )
Ay
rA
F R R N = + = + =

Bx
2 2 2 2
834 709 1095( )
By
rB
F R R N = + = + =


V F
rA
> F
rB
nn ch tnh cho gi ti A v chn cho gi trc ny, cn gi trc kia ly
cng loi.
1.2050.1.1,1 2255( ) 225, 5( ) Q N daN = = =
( )
0,3
225, 5. 320.23940 26208 C = =
Tra bng (14P/339), ng vi d = 30 (mm) ly c k hiu 306 tm c: ng knh
ngoi D = 72 mm; C
bng
= 33000; B = 19 mm. C hai pha u chn cng mt loi .

TRC II:

Do c lc dc trc F
a
nn ta chn bi chn 1 dy cho cc gi ca trc II.
FrC
FrD
FaD
Fa
FaC

Vi: h = 6.285.14 = 23940 (gi) ; n = 83,3 (vong/phut) ; m = 0,7
Chn trc: = 26
o
bi kiu 46000
Cx
2 2 2 2
4226 428 4248( )
Cy
rC
F R R N = + = + =

Dx
2 2 2 2
5373 1110 5487( )
Dy
rD
F R R N = + = + =
1, 3. . 1, 3.4248. 26 2694( )
o
aC rC
F F tg tg N | = = =
1, 3. . 1, 3.5487. 26 3479( )
o
aD rD
F F tg tg N | = = =
967 2694 3479 1752( ) 175( )
a aC aD
A F F F N daN = + = + = =
V lc A hng v pha C nn ch tnh cho gi ti C v chn cho gi trc ny, cn
gi trc kia ly cng loi.
( ) 1.425 0, 7.175 .1.1,1 139( )
C
Q daN = + =
( )
0,3
139. 83, 3.23940 10788 C = =
ngoi D = 100 mm; C
bng

TRC III:
Do c lc dc trc F
a
nn ta chn bi chn 1 dy cho cc gi ca trc III.
FrE
FrF
FaF
Fa
FaE

Vi: h = 6.285.14 = 23940 (gi) ; n = 26 (vong/phut) ; m = 0,7
Chn trc: = 26
o
bi kiu 46000
Ex
2 2 2 2
2340 53 2340( )
Ey
rE
F R R N = + = + =

Fx
2 2 2 2
4530 2475 5162( )
Fy
rF
F R R N = + = + =
1, 3. . 1, 3.2340. 26 1484( )
o
aE rE
F F tg tg N | = = =


1, 3. . 1, 3.5162. 26 3273( )
o
aF rF
F F tg tg N | = = =
967 1484 3273 2749( ) 275( )
a aE aF
A F F F N daN = + = + = =
V lc A hng v pha F nn ch tnh cho gi ti F v chn cho gi trc ny, cn
gi trc kia ly cng loi.
( ) 1.516 0, 7.275 .1.1,1 779( )
F
Q daN = + =
( )
0,3
779. 26.23940 42635 C = =
ngoi D = 130 mm; C
bng

2. Chn kiu lp :
Tui th ca ln ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic lp ghp cc vng vo trc v v hp.
Kiu lp ln trn trc v trong v hp ph thuc vo ch lm vic v dng chu ti ca
. Phng php chn kiu lp cho bi:
- Lp vo trc theo h l: T2

- Lp vo v hp theo h trc: T2

- i vi vng quay, chn kiu lp bng di cc vng khng th trt
theo b mt ca trc hoc ca l trong v khi lm vic.
Cc vng l nhng chi tit khng cng, khi di chuyn dc trc vng trong ca c
th b bin dng di tc dng ca lc ngoi khng u hoc lc ma st. V vy vng
trong ca t v tr chnh xc cn lp xc vo mt t ca vai trc
Vai trc v l ca v hp hoc ca ng lt cn cao cc vng c th ta mt cch
n nh.

3. C nh trc theo phng dc trc:
Dng phng php c nh trc hai u. t vo gia vai trc v thnh ngoi ca
v hp.
Cu to loi ny tng i n gin, khng cn chi tit ph, khng lm rnh hoc g
trong l ca hp. V vy c dng rng ri trong trong ngnh ch to my.

4. Bi trn ln:
Bi trn b phn nhm gim mt mt ma st gia cc chi tit ln, chng mn, to iu
kin thot nhit tt, bo v b mt lm vic ca chi tit khng b hon g, gim ting n v
bo v khi bi.
Vic chn hp l loi du v cch bi trn lm tng tui th ca b phn .
iu kin chn cht bi trn:
- Vn tc ca vng quay.
- Ti trng tc ng.
- Nhit lm vic v c im ca mi trng xung quanh.
Thng dng m hoc du bi trn.
Dng m t b chy ra ngoi; lp kn khe h ca cc chi tit my quay v chi tit my c
nh, nh bo v khi bi bm; m c th dng cho cc b phn lm vic lu di;
chng mn tt, nht t thay i khi nhit t bin thin.
B phn c bi trn bng m, v vn tc b truyn bnh rng thp, khng th dng
phng php bn to ht du trong hp vo bi trn b phn . C th dng m loi T
ng vi nhit lm vic t 60
0
100
0
C v vn tc di 1500 v/ph.
Lng m cha 2/3 ch rng ca b phn . m khng chy ra ngoi v ngn khng
cho du ri vo b phn , nn lm vng chn du.


Bi trn bng m l phng php n gin nht v khng cn nhng thit b c bit
dn du vo , ch cn nht m vo b phn vi mt lng bi trn sut thi k lm
vic. Tuy nhin khng nn cho m qu nhiu v lng m tha s lm tng nhit trong .
Khi lng m cho vo ln u trong b phn nn theo quy nh: khi s vng quay
nh v trung bnh m lp y di 2/3 th tch rng ca b phn . Khi tra thm m c th
tho np hoc dng nhng nt hoc v m. Cn thay m hon ton sau mt thi gian nht
nh, thng thay m lc sa cha nh k.
Khi bi trn bng m cn thit k cc chi tit che khng cho cc mnh kim loi hoc
nhng tp cht khc t du cha trong hp bn vo.
Bi trn bng m c nhc im l lm tng kch thc chiu di ca b phn chng
hn cn cha cc vng chn du.

5. Che kn ln:
che kn cc u trc ra, trnh s xm nhp ca bi bm v tp cht vo , cng nh
ngn m chy ra ngoi, y dng loi vng pht l n gin nht. Tuy nhin nhc im
ca vng pht l chng mn, v h s ma st ln.
tng tin cy ca vng pht nn gia cng b mt trc t bng cao.
du khng chy ra ngoi, nn lm np iu chnh p lc p vng pht trong rnh.

V. THIT K V HP V CC CHI TIT KHC
1. V hp
Bt k mt v my no cng gm nhng yu t c cu to: thnh hp, np gn, mt bch,
gi , lin h vi nhau thnh mt khi.
Thnh v my nhng ch bt k nn c chiu dy nh nhau. Chiu dy thnh v nn
gim n tr s m kim loi chy lng c th lp y c. Nhng ni cn yu cu bn
v cng ln nn lm thm cc gn.
nng v vn chuyn hp gim tc ngi ta lp cc bulng vng trn np hoc lm
vng mc.
c nh hp gim tc trn b my, thn hp c lm chn . Mt chn khng nn
lm phng, m nn lm hai dy li song song hoc nhng phn li nh nhm gim tiu hao
vt liu, gim thi gian gia cng v to kh nng lu thng khng kh thot nhit.
y hp nn lm nghing t 1
0
2
0
v pha l tho du ra.
quan st cc chi tit my trong hp v rt du vo hp, trn nh np hp c lm ca
thm c np y.
Cc kch thc ca cc phn t cu to nn hp gim tc c:
Chiu dy thnh thn hp:
0, 025. 3 A o = +
= 0,025.215 + 3 = 8,5 [mm]
Chiu dy thnh np hp:

1
0, 02. 3 A o = +
= 0,02. 215 + 3 = 7,5 [mm]
Ly
1
= 8,5 [mm]
Chiu dy mt bch di ca thn:
1, 5. 13 b o = ~ [mm]
Chiu dy mt bch trn ca np:

1 1
1, 5. 11 b o = ~ [mm]
Chiu dy hp khng c phn li:


2, 35. 20 p o = = [mm]
Chiu dy gn thn hp:
(0,85 1). 0, 95.8, 5 8 m o = = = [mm]
Chiu dy gn np hp:

1
(0,85 1). 0, 95.7, 5 7 m o = = = [mm]
Kch thc bulng nn tra bng 10-13/277:
d
n
= 20 ; S bulng = 6
ng knh cc bulng khc:
cnh :
d
1
= 0,7.d
n
= 14 [mm]
Ghp cc mt bch np v thn:

2
(0, 5 0, 6). 0, 6.20 12
n
d d = = = [mm]
Ghp np ca thm:

3
(0, 3 0, 4). 0, 4.20 8
n
d d = = = [mm]
Chiu rng mt bch (khng k chiu dy thn hoc np) (bng 10-10a/269)

1 2
K C C = +
nn:
26 23 49[ ]
n
K mm = + =

np v thn:

2
20 15 35[ ] K mm = + =
Khong cch t mp l lp n tm bulng d
1
:
( )
1
1, 0 1, 2 . 1,1.14 15[ ] e d mm = = =
Chiu rng mt bch ch lp :

1
(2 3) 35 3 38[ ] l K mm = + = + =
Khe h gia bnh rng ln vi y hp:

1
(3 5). 30[ ] mm o A = =
ng knh bulng vng chn theo trng lng hp gim tc, vi khong cch trc A
ca hai cp 172 x 215, tra bng 10-11a/275 v 10-11b/276 chn bulng M16.

2. Mt s chi tit khc
a. Ca thm
kim tra, quan st cc tit my trong hp khi lp ghp v du vo hp, trn nh
hp c lp ca thm. Da vo bng 10-12/227 ta chn kch thc ca ca thm:
A B A
1
B
1
C C
1
K R
Kch
thc vt
S lng
vt
150 100 190 140 175 130 120 12 M8 x 22 4



b. Nt thng hi
Khi lm vic nhit trong hp tng ln, gim p sut v iu ha khng kh bn
trong v bn ngoi hp, ngi ta dng nt thng hi. Nt thng hi c lp trn np ca
thm (hnh v np ca thm). Theo bng 10-16/279 ta chn cc kch thc ca nt thng
hi nh sau:
A B C D E G H I K L M N O P Q R S
M27x2 15 30 15 45 36 32 6 4 10 8 22 6 32 18 36 32

c. Nt tho du
Sau 1 thi gian lm vic, du bi trn cha trong hp b bn hoc b bin cht, do phi
thay du mi. tho du c, y hp c l tho du. Lc lm vic l c bt kn bng
nt tho du. Da vo bng 10-14/278 ta chn nt tho du c kch thc nh hnh v.
d b m a f L e q D
1
D S l
M20x2 15 9 4 3 28 2,5 17,8 21 30 22 25,4

d. Vng pht:
ti c trc vo v ra phi dng vng pht d chn cng vi np
V tr d(mm) d
1
(mm) d
2
(mm) D(mm) a(mm) b(mm) S
o
(mm)
Trc I 30 31 29 43 6 4,3 9
Trc III 65 66,5 64 84 9 6,5 12

e. Np :
Tra bng 10-10b/270
Chiu dy thnh np:
n
= (0,50,6). = 0,55.8,5 = 5[mm]
Chiu dy bch ca np: ( ) 0, 7 0,8 . 0, 75.8, 5 6[ ]
n
b mm o = = ~
V tr D(mm) D
1
(mm) D
2
(mm) d
3
S lng
Trc I 72 90 115 M8 4
Trc II 100 120 150 M10 6
Trc III 130 150 180 M10 6
28
15
9
2
5
,
4

M
2
0

22
3
0



g. Kim tra mc du
kim tra mc du trong hp ta dng que thm du, que thm du c kt cu v kch
thc nh hnh v.

h. Cht nh v
Mt ghp gia np v thn nm trong mt phng cha ng tm cc trc. L tr lp
trn np v thn hp c gia cng ng thi, m bo v tr tng i ca np v thn
trc v sau khi gia cng cng nh khi lp ghp, ta dng 2 cht nh v, nh c cht nh v
khi xit bulng khng lm bin dng vng ngoi ca .
Cht nh v hnh tr
d (mm) 8
c (mm) 1,2
l (mm) 16 160

i. Cc bnh rng
Tn gi K hiu Bnh rng
1
Bnh
rng 2
Bnh
rng 3
Bnh
rng 4
Chiu dy ca vnh rng
0
- 10 - 12
Chiu di may l 52 60 65 78
B dy nan hoa C - 10 - 12
ng knh ngoi ca may D - 72 - 104
ng knh l trn nan hoa d
0
- 20 - 20
Bn knh gc ln R - 3 - 4

30
u
1
8

u
1
2

u
6

6 12


k. Kt cu trc:
Gim ng sut tp trung trn trc:
cc tit din ca trc thay i, ngi ta thng lm gc ln gim ng sut tp
trung. Bn knh gc ln phi nh hn bn knh hoc chiu di cnh vt ca chi tit lp trn
n, nhm m bo chi tit t st vo mt nh v ca vai trc
Truc I: ng knh vai trc: d
v
= 40mm
Truc II: ng knh vai trc: d
v
= 60mm
Truc III: ng knh vai trc: d
v
= 73mm
Bn knh gc ln: tra bng 7-15/135 & 7-16/135
Trc ng knh Phn trc mang tit my Phn trc khng mang tit my
I
40 35mm 2 mm 3 mm
35 30mm 2 mm 3 mm
II
60 55mm 2 mm 3 mm
55 50mm 2 mm 3 mm
III
73 65mm 2,5 mm 3 mm
65 60mm 2 mm 3 mm

l. vt ca cc phn trc:

ng knh trc c a

30 45 2 3 30
0
45 - 70 2,5 5 30
0

VII. BI TRN HP GIM TC:
gim mt mt cng sut v ma st, gim mi mn rng, m bo thot nhit tt v
phng cc chi tit my b hon g cn phi bi trn lin tc cc b truyn trong hp gim
tc.
Vic chn hp l loi du, nht v h thng bi trn s lm tng tui th ca cc b
truyn tc l nng cao thi gian s dng my.
Vn tc nh nn chn phng php bi trn b truyn bnh rng l ngm cc bnh rng
trong hp du.
i vi nhng hp gim tc nhiu cp, nu cc bnh rng khng ngm c trong du th
lm nghing b mt ghp np v thn hp. i vi hp gim tc t ng c th dng thm
bnh rng bi trn hoc vng bi trn.
Dung lng ca du trong hp thng ly khong 0,4 0,8 lt cho 1kW cng sut truyn,
tr s nh dng cho hp gim tc c ln.


Ly chiu su ngm du l 1/4 bn knh ca bnh rng cp chm, do y hp gim tc
cch chn rng ca bnh rng nghing b ng mt lng l 30cm. Vy chiu cao ca lp
du cn phi c trong hp gim tc l: 112,5mm.
Chn loi du bi trn l du cng nghip 45 bi trn theo phng php lu thng.

VIII. S DNG V BO QUN:
1.S dng:
- Dng in p thch hp vi ng c in.
- Bng ti lm vic ph hp vi ti trng cho php.
- Trong qu trnh lm vic lu di cn kim tra nhit du b phn c nm
trong phm vi cho php khng.
2.Bo qun:
- nh k kim tra mc du trong hp gim tc.
- Thng xuyn bi trn b phn nhm gim mt mt ma st gia cc chi tit ln.
- Sau mt thi gian lm vic nht nh cn thay du mi do du b bn hoc b bin
cht.

Thuyet Minh

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Thuyet Minh

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GVHD: PGS.

TS Phm Ph L n mn hc: Chi Tit My

= 0,95 H s xt n nh hng ca gc m, tra bng 5-7/90.

H s chu k ng sut tip xc.

= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

H s chu k ng sut un.

H s chu k ng sut tip xc.

= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

= 2,6.220.1= 572 (N/mm

H s chu k ng sut un.

H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut php

H s an ton ch xt ring ng sut tip

H s xt n nh hng ca tr s ng sut trung bnh n sc bn mi

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