H hp c:

- C quan thc hin: mang. Cu to: + Gm nhiu cung mang. + Mi cung mang gm nhiu phin mang lm tng din tch trao i kh. + H thng mao mch cc phin mang. - C ng h hp: *C ht vo: ca ming c m np mang ng li th tiech khoang ming tng, p sut gim nc trn vo khoang ming. * C th ra: ca ming ng li np mang m ra th tch khoang ming gim, p lc thng y nc trong khoang ming qua mang ra ngoi ming v np mang ng m nhp nhng lin tc. - Hot ng trao i kh: + S trao i kh din ra khi dng nc p chy qua cc khe mang ngc chiu vi cc dng mu chy trong cc mao mch ca mang. + Thi gian tip xc gia dng nc v mao mch rt t nhng qu trnh trao i kh din ra thun li do dng mu chy lin tc, mt chiu qua mang. + xi ha than trong nc khuch tn vo mu, CO2 khuch tn t mu vo dng nc chy. * Trao i kh c t hiu qu cao l nh: - B mt trao i kh rng. - B mt trao i kh mng v m t gip O2 v CO2 d dng khuch tn qua. - B mt trao i kh c nhiu mao mch v mu c sc t h hp. - C s lu thng kh to ra s chnh lch v nng O2 v CO2 cc kh d dng khuch tn qua b mt trao i kh. - Ming v dim np mang ng m nhp nhng to nn dng nc chy mt chiu v gn nh lin tc t ming qua mang. - Cch sp xp ca cc mao mch trong mang gip cho dng mu chy trong mao mch song song v ngc chiu vi dng nc chy bn ngoi mao mch ca mang.

H hp ca chim: