Thng tin di ng

Ni dung mn hc

Phn 1: Tng quan v h thng TTDD Phn 2: H thng GSM Phn 3: 3G v UMTS/WCDMA Phn 4: Cc knh v lp giao thc WCDMA

Ti liu tham kho

Thng tin di ng s, Ericsson, 1996 www.wikipedia.org Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s cellular,
Thy V c Th

GSM, CdmaOne and 3G Systems,

Raymond Steele, Chin-Chun Lee, Peter Gould

GSM, Switching, Services and Protocols,

John Wiley & Sons

Website ca tp ch bu chnh vin thng, a ch: http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn/

http://www.google.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones

Phn 1

TNG QUAN V
H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

Ni dung

Lch s pht trin Cu trc h thng T bo a truy nhp

1. Lch s pht trin

Gii thiu chung: H thng thng tin di ng t bo s (Digital Cellular mobile communication systems) hay cn gi l h thng thng tin di ng (mobile systems) l h thng lin lc vi nhiu im truy nhp khc nhau (access points, or base stations) trn mt vng a l hay cn goi l cc cell. Ngui s dng c th di chuyn trong vng ph sng ca cc trm (base station)

1. Lch s pht trin

Ra i vo nhng nm 1920 ( l cc phng tin thng tin gia cc n v cnh st M ) 1982 s dng k thut TDMA l Nhm c trch di ng GSM (Group Special Mobile) sau ny c i thnh H thng di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile communications Vit Nam s dng GSM t 1993 1991 Qualcomm trin khai h thng di ng trn cng ngh CDMA chun IS-95A (Interim Standard-95A) Vit Nam trin khai h thng di ng theo cng ngh CDMA v a vo s dng thng 7/2003

1. Lch s pht trin

Cc th h : Th h th nht (1G) Th h th hai (2G) Th h th ba (3G) Th h th bn (4G)

1. Lch s pht trin

First Generation (1G)

H thng thng tin di ng tng t s dng phng thc a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM. c im:

Phng thc truy nhp: Dch v n thun l thoi Cht lng thp Bo mt km

FDMA

1. Lch s pht trin

Mt s h thng in hnh:

NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone s dng bng tn 450

MHz. Trin khai ti cc nc Bc u vo nm 1981 (Scandinavia)

TACS: Total Access Communication System trin khai ti Anh vo nm 1985.

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System trin khai ti Bc

M vo nm 1978 ti bng tn 800 MHz.

1. Lch s pht trin

Second Generation (2G)

H thng di ng s t bo:

Dung lng tng Cht lng thoi tt hn

H tr cc dch v s liu (data)

TDMA, CDMA bng hp (NarrowBand)

Phng thc truy nhp:

Chuyn mch: chuyn mch knh (Circuit Switching).

1. Lch s pht trin

Mt s h thng in hnh:

GSM: (Global System for Mobile Phone) - TDMA. Trin

khai ti Chu u. D-AMPS (IS-136 - Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) TDMA. Trin khai ti M IS-95 (CDMA one) - CDMA. Trin khai ti M v Hn Quc. PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) TDMA, Trin khai ti Nht Bn.

1. Lch s pht trin

Evolved Second Generation (2.5 G)

Cc dch v s liu ci tin :

Tc bit data cao hn. H tr kt ni Internet.

Phng thc chuyn mch:

Chuyn mch gi - Packet Switching

V d:

GPRS - General Packet Radio Services: Nng cp t mng GSM nhm h tr

chuyn mch gi (172 kbps).

EDGE - Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution

H tr tc bit cao hn GPRS trn nn GSM (384 kbps)

1. Lch s pht trin

Third Generation (3G)

H tr cc dch v s liu gi tc cao:

Di chuyn trn cc phng tin (Vehicles): 144 kbps - Macro Cell i b, di chuyn chm (Pedestrians):

384 kbps Micro cell

Vn phng ( Indoor, stationary users) 2 Mbps - Pico cell

Dch v a phng tin, kt ni qua Internet, v d nh:

Video Streaming, video conference, web browsing, email, navigational maps . .

1. Lch s pht trin

Third Generation (3G)

Hai hng tiu chun cho mng 3G:

W-CDMA: UTMS:

Pht trin t h thng GSM, GPRS

CDMA 2000 1xEVDO:

Pht trin t h thng CDMA IS-95

Cost of moving from GSM to cdmaOne overrides the benefit of the CDMA migration path

Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray

1. Lch s pht trin

Fourth Generation (4G)

Hin nay ang xy dng chun. Ci tin v dch v d liu:

Tc bit: 20 100 Mb/s. OFDM, MC-CDMA

Phng thc iu ch:

Xu hng kt hp: mng li IP + mng truy nhp di ng

(3G) v truy nhp v tuyn Wimax & Wi-Fi !

Distribution of GSM Subscribers

GSM is used by 70% of subscribers worldwide

564 M subs / 800 M subs in July 2001 ATT & Cingular deploying GSM in US today
Number of subscribers in the world (Jul 2001)
CDMA 12% US TDMA 10% GSM 71%
Source: EMC World Cellular / GSM Association

Most GSM deployments in Europe (59%) and Asia (33%)

PDC 7%

1. Lch s pht trin

Fourth Generation (4G)

Hin nay ang xy dng chun. Ci tin v dch v d liu:

Tc bit: 20 100 Mb/s. OFDM, MC-CDMA

Phng thc iu ch:

Xu hng kt hp: mng li IP + mng truy nhp di ng

(3G) v truy nhp v tuyn Wimax & Wi-Fi !

2. Cu trc h thng

2. Cu trc h thng
Trong :

HLR: Home Location Register: b ng k nh v thng

tr

VLR: Visited Location Register: b ng k nh v tm tr AuC: Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc MSC: Mobile Switching Center: Trung tm chuyn mch di
ng

3. Khi nim t bo

Cell t bo hay : l n v c s ca mng, ti trm di ng MS tin hnh trao i thng tin vi mng qua trm thu pht

gc BTS (BS).

Trong :

MS: Mobile Station - trm di ng.

BTS (BS): Base Tranceiver Station (Base Station)

3. Khi nim t bo

Trm thu pht gc BTS Base Transceiver Station

T bo - cell

3. Khi nim t bo

Phng thc ph sng:

an ten v hng v c hng 1 hoc 3 anten Mc cng sut ti thiu m ti my thu vn nhn c tn hiu. n v: [dBm] VD: Card mng WLAN theo chun 802.11 c nhy thu l -96 dBm

nhy thu - Receive Sensitivity:

4. Cc phng thc a truy nhp

FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo m

Bng tn ca h thng

Mi h thng thng tin di ng c cp pht mt hoc nhiu bng tn xc nh.

Trong mi bng tn, cc knh v tuyn ca h thng s c n nh.

V d: Bng tn GSM 900 c cp pht l

-

UL: 890 MHz 915 MHz DL: 935 MHz 960 MHz

Phn 2

H THNG GSM

Ni dung

Cu trc h thng Phn cp vng phc v Cc giao din Cc giao thc S dng li tn s Chu trnh cuc gi v chuyn giao

2.1. Cu trc h thng GSM

Mng thng tin di ng mt t cng cng PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) theo chun GSM c chia thnh 3 (4) phn h chnh sau:

Phn h chuyn mch - NSS

Network Switching Subsystem.

Phn h v tuyn - RSS = BSS + MS

Radio SubSystem

Phn h vn hnh v bo dng - OMS

Operation and Maintenance Subsystem

2.1. Cu trc h thng GSM

NSS
vlr iwf
Data NetwoRK

BSS trau

auc

hlr

msc

bsc

ec

bts

bts

bts

eir

pstn omc
SIEMENS NIXDORF

ms Me sim

Omc- s Omc- r
IWF: InterWorking Function - Khi tng tc mng

EC: Echo Canceler - Khi trit ting vng

Kt ni mang thng tin ngi s dng v bo hiu

Kt ni mang thng tin bo hiu /iu khin

1. Trm di ng MS - Mobile Station

Trm di ng MS = ME + SIM

ME : Mobile Equipment - thit b di ng SIM: Subscriber Indentity Module Module nhn dng thu bao.

ME = hardware + software ME IMEI = Assigned at the factory

6 digits

2 digits

6 digits Serial Number

1 digit
Sp

Type Approval Final Assembly Code Code IMEI

Trm di ng MS - Mobile Stattion

SIM: lu gi cc thng tin nhn thc thu bao v mt m ha/gii mt m ha. Cc thng tin lu gi trong SIM:

Cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI

Kha nhn thc Ki

S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI: (Location Area ID) Kha mt m Kc

Danh sch cc tn s ln cn

Phn h trm gc BSS

BSS: Base Station Subsystem

BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS

TRAU (XCDR): B chuyn i m v phi hp tc . BSC: B iu khin trm gc. BTS: trm thu pht gc.

BSS kt ni vi NSS qua lung PCM

c s 2 Mbps.

B iu khin trm gc BSC

BSC: Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc BSC thc hn cc chc nng sau:

iu khin mt s trm BTS: x l cc bn tin bo hiu,

iu khin,vn hnh & bo dng i/n BTS. Khi to kt ni.

iu khin chuyn giao:Intra & Inter BTS HO

Kt ni n MSC, BTS v OMC.

BSSs components
BSS
MSC

trau

bsc

bts

bts

bts

BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS

Trm thu pht gc BTS

BTS: Base Tranceiver Station hoc BS: Base Station Trm thu pht gc BTS thc hn cc chc nng sau:

Thu pht v tuyn (Radio Carrier Tx and Rx)

nh x knh logic vo knh vt l

( Logical to physical Ch Mapping ) M ha/gii m ha (Coding/Decoding)

Mt m ha/gii mt m ha(Ciphering/Deciphering)
iu ch / gii iu ch (Modulating/ Demodulating)

Cu hnh BSS
5

BTS BTS
4

BTS

BTS
BSC

BTS
6

BTS

* V tr ca BTS so vi BSC:
BTS

BTS t gn: co-located BTS:

BTS xa: remote BTS:

* Cu hnh kt ni cc BTS: Hnh sao: star - ,, Hnh chui: chain - ,,,

Mch vng: loop - ,, ,, ,,

B TRAU (XCDR)
TRAU: Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit hoc XCDR : TransCoDeR
LPC: 13 Kbps PCM: 64 Kbps
1

+ header: 3 Kbps 1 TS (64kbps) 4 knh (16kbps)

MSC

2 3 4

MUX

chuyn i m

BSC

1 TS 1 knh thoi: 64 kbps

Tc 1 knh thoi: 16 Kbps

Ghp knh: 4*(3+13) = 64 Kbps

2. Phn h chuyn mch NSS

Tng i di ng MSC
Chc nng: X l cuc gi (call procesing). iu khin chuyn giao (Handover control). Qun l di ng (mobility management). X l tnh cc (billing). Tng tc mng (interworking function):GatewayMSC

GMSC

B nh v thng tr HLR
HLR l c s d liu tham chiu lu gi lu di cc thng tin v thu bao. Cc s nhn dng: IMSI, MSISDN. Cc thng tin v thu bao Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng. S hiu VLR ang phc v MS

HLR: Home Location Register

B nh v tm tr VLR
VLR l c s d liu trung gian lu gi tm thi thng tin v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR c tham chiu t c s d liu HLR. Cc s nhn dng: IMSI, MSISDN,TMSI. S hiu nhn dng vng nh v ang phc v MS. Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng Trng thi ca MS (bn: busy; ri : idle)

VLR: Visitor Location Register

Trung tm nhn thc AuC

AuC (AC) l c s d liu lu gi m kha c nhn Ki ca cc thu bao v to ra b ba tham s nhn thc triple: RAND, Kc,SRES khi HLR yu cu tin hnh qu trnh nhn thc thu bao.

AuC: Aunthentication Center

Khi nhn dng thit b EIR

EIR l c s d liu thng tin v tnh hp l ca thit b ME qua s IMEI. Mt thit b s c s IMEI thuc 1 trong 3 danh sch: + Danh sch trng (white list) -> valid ME + Danh sch en (black list) -> stolen ME + Danh sch xm (gray list) -> ME is fauly or do not meet curent GSM specifications

EIR: Equipment Identity Register

3. Phn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS

OMS: Operation and Maintenance Subsystem

Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng OMC

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng OMC

Cu trc mng GSM

Vng ph sng - Vinaphone Min Bc

Vng 1
KV1: H Ni v

cc tnh pha Bc
n Qung Bnh

Vng ph sng Vinaphone

Vng 3
KV1: Cc tnh min Trung
t Qung tr n Khnh ha v tnh Ty nguyn

Vng ph sng - Vinaphone

Vng 2
KV2: TP. H Ch Minh

v cc tnh pha Nam t

Ninh thun n C mau

2.2. Phn cp vng phc v

GSM Service Area

Vng phc v PLMN

Vng nh v LAI v vng phc v MSC/VLR

S nhn dng vng nh v LAI

3 digits
Mobile country Code (MCC)

2 digits
Mobile Network Code (MNC)

2 Bytes
Location Area Code (LAC)

S LAI: Location Area Identity => S nhn dng vng nh v

3 digits
Mobile country Code (MCC)

2 digits
Mobile Network Code (MNC)

2 Bytes
Location Area Code (LAC)

2 Bytes
Cell Identity (CI)

S nhn dng ton cu GCI: GCI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI = LAI + CI

2.3. Cc giao din trong mng GSM

Khi nim

Giao din - Interface: entities) ti khun dng d liu (protocols) v qu trnh trao i thng tin (procedure) c chun ha

L ranh gii gia cc thc th chc nng (functional

GSMs interfaces

Qu trnh x l tn hiu thoi GSM

transmitter Speech coding
M ha ngun

Channel Coding
M ha knh

Encryption
Mt m ha

Interleaving
Ghp xen

Burst assembly
To cm

Modulator
iu ch

thoi

T C H

Speech decoding

Channel DeCoding

Decryption

Deinterleaving

Burst disassembly

Demodulator

receiver

Phn cp cu trc khung - Frame hierarchy

1 hyperframe = 2048 superframes = 2715648 TDMA frames

2044

2045

2046

2047

3 h 28 min 53.76 s
1 superframe = 51 (26 Frames) multiframes OR 26 (51 Frames) multiframes

6.12 s

0 0

1 1

47

48
24

49

50
25

.
26 * 51 = 1326 TDMA Frames

1 trafic multiframe = 26TDMA frames

1 control multiframe = 51TDMA frames

T0 T1 T1 S .. 1 120 ms

T1 2 ..
0

T2 4
1

T0

T1 T2 T3 .
... 6

..
7

T4 T4 T5 .. 235.49 8 ms0
4.615 ms

slot
burst

577 s

TDMA Frame

Knh lu lng - TCH

Knh iu khin - CCH

2.5. S dng li tn s

Khi nim:

S knh tn s l hu hn
S dng li tn s l vic cp pht cng mt nhm tn s v tuyn ti cc v tr a l khc nhau trong mng m khng lm nh hng n cht lng kt ni ti giao din v tuyn do nhiu ng knh v nhiu knh ln cn gy nn.

Trong mng GSM, mi trm BTS c cp pht mt nhm tn s v tuyn.

Cc trm thu pht gc BTS ln cn c cp pht cc nhm knh v tuyn khng trng vi cc knh ca BTS lin k.

Khi nim
Cc cell cng tn c cp pht cng mt nhm tn s v tuyn.

B
A

Mt cm - cluster c kch c N cell, c lp li ti cc v tr a l khc nhau trong ton b vng ph sng.

D F E B B G C G C A A D F F D E E

Khong cch gia hai cell ln cn 2

Khong cch s dng li tn s D

Khong cch s dng li tn s D

D = khong cch gia hai cell ng knh

Khong cch s dng li tn s D

Mu s dng li tn s

K hiu tng qut : mu N/M

Trong :
N = tng s site / cluster

M = tng s cell / cluster

H s s dng li tn s: 1/M

Mu s dng li tn s

Vi site phn cung 1200 th : M = 3N

3

Site A
A1 A3

mu chun ha:

A2

Mu 3/9, 4/12 v 7/21

Cell 1200

Mu s dng li tn s 3/9

Cluster

A1 A2 A3 C1 C2 C3 B1 B1 B2

A1
A2

A3
C1 C2 C3 A2 B1 B2 B3

B1
B2

B3 A1
A3

B3

B2
B3

5. Chu trnh cuc gi v chuyn giao

Chu trnh cuc gi

Cuc gi kt thc ti MS MTC - Mobile Terminating Call v d: Cuc gi t PSTN n PLMN

Cuc gi khi to t MS MOC - Mobile Originating Call

Trng thi ca MS:

MS tt my (detached)

MS bt my (atached): - ri (idle).
- bn (busy).

Call trnh cuc gi Chu sequence: MTC

0912345678

0912345678

Mobile Terminating Call (1)

HCM

TP. Ha Noi

Mobile Terminating Call (2)

Mobile Terminating Call (3)

Mobile Terminating Call (4)

Chuyn giao cuc gi HO (Hand Over)

Phn loi chuyn giao theo cp iu khin

MS

MS

MS

MS

BTS

BTS
BSC

BTS
BSC

BTS
BSC

MSC

MSC

2.9. GPRS General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung

Cu trc ca GSM
Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem Network Subsystem Other Networks

PSTN BTS BSC MSC/ VLR GMSC

SIM

ME

PLMN

EIR
SD

HLR

AUC

Internet

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

Cu trc h thng GPRS

Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem Network Subsystem Other Networks

SIM

ME

BTS

BSC

MSC/ VLR

GMSC PSTN

EIR

HLR

AUC

PLMN

SGSN
SD

GGSN

Internet

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

Nt h tr dch v GPRS
-

Qun l di ng Mt m v nn ng gi v truyn dn gi

GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node

Nt h tr cng GPRS
-

Lin kt gia cc mng nh tuyn d liu

Phn 3
3G and UMTS/WCDMA

Mc tiu

M t cc yu cu chnh ca UMTS/WCDMA Lit k cc phin bn chnh ca chun UMTS v ci m phin bn h tr Lit k cc thnh phn chnh trong mng UMTS v cc chc nng ca chng M t cc giao thc giao din v tuyn UMTS v cc knh

Ti liu tham kho

Christophe Chevallier, Christopher Brunner, Andrea Garavaglia, Kevin P. Murray, and Kenneth R. Baker, editors. WCDMA (UMTS) Deployment Handbook, Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006. (ISBN 13: 978-0-470-03326-5) (ISBN 10: 0-470-03326-6) Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications, Artech House, 2001 (ISBN 10: 158053287X) 3rd Generation Partnership Project Technical Specifications, ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs

T GSM n UMTS

3G hay IMT-2000 l g?

T chc ITU (International Telecommunication Union) nh ngha cc yu cu trng yu cho cc dch v vin thng di ng quc t (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 / IMT-2000), thng c bit n nh.. 3G ITU thng qua h chun tha mn c tiu ch ca IMT-2000

Cc yu cu 3G o Kh nng h thng ci thin, tng thch vi h thng 2G, h tr a phng tin, cc dch v d liu gi tc cao tha mn cc tiu ch sau: 2 Mb/s trong mi trng c nh hoc trong ta nh 384kb/s trong mi trng thnh ph hoc vi ngi i b 144kb/s trong mi trng di ng din rng

UMTS l g ?

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS

L mt chun IMT-2000 - gii php v tuyn di ng 3G c thit k c th c trin khai s dng li phn ln mng li GSM/GPRS UMTS s dng cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn da vo CDMA hon ton mi trong dng WCDMA H tr a dch v, phn bit cht lng dch v tt hn v tc d liu cao hn ( ti 14Mb/s)

WCDMA l g?

WCDMA = wideband code division multiple access WCDMA (cn c bit n nh UTRA-FDD) c cc knh ring r mi knh rng 5MHz c dnh cho lin lc c uplink v downlink WCDMA l cng ngh mng truy nhp v tuyn (radio access network RAN) trong chun UMTS Rt nhiu ngi s dng t UMTS nh WCDMA Bi ging ny dng t WCDMA ch ti cng ngh ti giao din v tuyn s dng trong UMTS, v UMTS ch ti mt h thng hon chnh

Mng UMTS

Di tn c cp pht cho UMTS-WCDMA

Bng thng UMTS-WCDMA

Ai nh ngha cc chun UMTS/WCDMA ?

Cc phin bn v c tnh 3GPP

Con ng pht trin bng rng di ng c hnh thnh thnh cng

Mt s chun UMTS
Ch Hiu sut RF Lp vt l S specification series 25.1xx 25.2xx

Lp 2 v 3
UTRAN Lp NAS (CC,SS, SMS,MM) Dch v d liu chuyn mch gi Dch v d liu chuyn mch knh Dch v thoi

25.3xx
25.4xx 22.xxx, 23.xxx, 24.xxx 22.060, 23.060 23.910 26.Xxx

USIM
LTE

31.xxx
36.xxx

T GSM n WCDMA dch v d liu

T GSM n WCDMA s pht trin ca tc d liu

Kin trc mng UMTS

Kin trc mng UMTS

Thit b ngi dng (UE)

Universal subscriber Indentity Module (USIM)

ng dng qun l thng tin ng k ha mng ca UE v cc chc nng authentication

Thit b di ng (Mobile Equipment)

Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ton cu (UTRAN)

UTRAN = Universal terrestrial radio access network

Mng li (CN- core network)

Topology mng UMTS quy hoch mng

Phn 4

Cc knh v lp giao thc WCDMA

i tng hc hi ca phn

M t gi giao thc AS/NAS trong phin bn 99 UMTS Gii thch s khc bit gia mt phng kim sot v mt phng ngi s dng M t cc chc nng giao thc ca tng truy nhp chnh Gii thch cc chc nng knh ca Rel99 chnh v nh x ca chng

Giao thc bo hiu UMTS

Gi giao thc bo hiu UE

Mt phng kim sot chuyn mch knh

Mt phng kim sot chuyn mch gi

Mt phng ngi dng chuyn mch knh

Mt phng ngi dng chuyn mch gi

Va truy nhp

Cc giao thc va truy nhp

Lp 3 kim sot ngun v tuyn (RRC radio resource control) Lp 2:

Giao thc hi t d liu gi ( PDCP packet data convergence protocol) Kim sot pht a im/qung b (BMC broadcast/multicast control) Kim sot lin kt v tuyn (RLC radio link control) Kim sot truy nhp mi trng truyn dn ( MAC - medium access control)

Lp 1 lp vt l

Lp 3 - Kim sot ngun ti nguyn v tuyn RRC

Kim sot va truy nhp Thng bo v nhn tin Bo co v kim sot o c Qun l kt ni RRC Qun l bearer v tuyn Thng tin h thng qung b

Lp 2 PDCP v BMC

Giao thc hi t d liu gi (PDCP)

Nn header ca gi IP Khng s dng cho dch v chuyn mch knh H tr cc bn tin pht qung b trong t bo, bao gm:

Kim sot pht a im/qung b (BMC)

Vic pht cc bn tin BMC n UE Chuyn pht cc bn tin qung b trong t bo n lp cao hn (NAS)