TYPHOID FEVER

DEFINITION

Also known as ENTERIC FEVER A bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated water, milk, shellfish, or other food. It is an infection of the GIT affecting the lymphoid tissues of the small intestine

ETIOLOGIC AGENT

Salmonella

typhosa- typi

INCUBATION PERIOD

From

5-40 days with the mean of 10-20 days

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY

As

long as the patient is excreting the microorganism, he is still capable of infecting others

SOURCES OF INFECTION
A

person who take care with typhoid Ingestion of shellfish ( oysters ) taken from water that is contaminated Stool and vomitus

MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Can

be passed from one person to another through fecal-oral transmission

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Headache,

chilly sensation Fever is higher in the morning than it is in the afternoon Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea Breathing is accelerated 1st week: Ladder fever 2nd week Rose spot

3rd week (complications) intestinal bleeding 4th week Lysis 5th week convalescent

DIAGNOSTIC TEST
TYPHIDOT ELISA Rectal swab

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
TYPHOID

FEVER VACCINE

2 TYPES: inactivated (killed vaccine) parenteral live attenuated (weakened) vaccine which is taken orally (by mouth)

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Isolation Maintain

or restore fluid and electrolyte

balance Monitor vital signs Cooling measures are necessary during febrile stage Maintain good personal hygiene Watch for intestinal bleeding