http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/angel_heart154-396932-STANDARDS-NURSING-AUDITPPT-IMPORTANCE-STANDARD-TYPES-PURPOSES-PROCESS-and-n-Education-powerpoint/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/46903415/Quality-Assurance http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov/pubmed/1983257 Frames for Quality Assurance Structure standards These are institution oriented and related to care providing system and resources that support for actual provision of care. They include the following: Physical facilities, building Policies, goals and objectives Staffing members: training, qualification, job responsibilities Equipment and supplies Administrative set up and channel communication Recording system Budgeting Process standards These are nursing oriented and reffered to the behaviour and actions which a nurse should carryout. Here focus is on nursing standard technique and procedures such as planning, implementation, nurses interaction, clients participation, communication and recording. It helps in assessing the degree of skills with which the technoques are performed, the degree of client involvement and interaction between nurse and client. Nurse prepares appropriate written nursing care plan for the patient, which includes identification of: Personal needs, disease related needs and theraphy needs. Nursing actions: assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, implementation of actions.

Outcome standards: These are patient centered or client centered. These are the description statement of result of care for the patient and can be both qualitative and quantitative. Outcome standards are related to ptients health status, such as: Self-care or disability

Morbidity or mortality status Non-occurrence of complication and restoration of body function.

The result of outcome standards may be positive or negative. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/angel_heart154-396932-STANDARDS-NURSING-AUDITPPT-IMPORTANCE-STANDARD-TYPES-PURPOSES-PROCESS-and-n-Education-powerpoint/