Amines

Lesson objectives: You should learn-to name amines -to explain the basicity of amines in terms of proton acceptance by the nitrogen lone pair. -to describe the reactions of amines with acids to form salts.

Amines

Amines

Examples of some amines

General reaction of amines as a base

Reaction of methylamine as a base

Naming secondary amines

N-methyl propylamine

Naming tertiary amines

N,N-diethylpropylamine

For amines: Acid + base

salt

Reaction of phenylamine and nitric acid

Reactions of amines
Lesson objectives: You should learn-to describe the preparation of aliphatic amines by substitution of halogenoalkanes. -to describe the preparation of aromatic amines by reduction of nitroarenes. -to describe the synthesis of an azo dye by diazotisation and coupling. -to state the use of these reactions in the formation of dyestuffs.

General preparation of primary amines

R-X + NH3(excess) NH3 + HX
EtOH

R-NH2 + HX

NH4+X-

R = Alkyl group X = Halogen

General preparation of secondary amines

R-X(excess) + NH3 R-X + R-NH2
EtOH EtOH

R-NH2 + HX R2-NH + HX

R = Alkyl group X = Halogen

Preparation of aromatic amines

Tin and conc. HCl are used As the reducing agent

Reduction of nitrobenzene to make phenylamine (aniline)

Preparation of aniline dyes

Nitrous acid is generated in situ from sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and excess HCl Then HCl reacts with the nitrous acid and acts as a catalyst in the formation of the diazonium ion

Diazotisation reaction of phenylamine

Preparation of aniline dyes

Reaction between benzenediazonium chloride and phenol