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HOGGING CONDITION
WEIGHT

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WEIGHT

BUOYANCY

BUOYANCY

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BUOYANCY

WEIGHT

SAGGING CONDITION
WEIGHT

BUOYANCY

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WEIGHT

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BUOYANCY

BUOYANCY

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WEIGHT

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MZ E x
= =
IZ
R
y
MZ y
x =
IZ
where:

MZ
IZ

= bending moments about the z-axis (in the vertical plane)


= moment of inertia about the neutral z-axis of the cross-sectional area
= modulus of elasticity (Youngs modulus)

R
x

= longitudinal bending stress

= vertical distance from neutral axis (or plane) to point of analysis

= radius of local curvature due to bending moment

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Section Modulus, Z =
y
MZ
x =
Z

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FB =

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FW

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Buoyancy Force per unit length, FB = ga


Weight Force per unit length, FW = mg
a = immersed cross-sectional area (m2)
m = mass distribution (mass per unit length) (kg/m)

F = FB FW
= ga mg

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Shear Force, Q = F dx
=

ga-mg )dx

Bending Moment, M =
=

F dxdx

ga-mg )dxdx

X
FB

X
FW

BUOYANCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE

X
F

WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION CURVE


(BUOYANCY CURVE SUPERIMPOSED)

LOAD DISTRIBUTION CURVE

X
F

LOAD DISTRIBUTION CURVE

SHEAR FORCE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

X
BENDING MOMENT DISTRIBUTION CURVE

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