Phuong Phap Toa Do Trong MP (HH10)

BI TP HNH HC 10
CHNG III

PHNG PHP TA
TRONG MT PHNG

Trn S Tng

POst by: toanhiephoa.blogspot.com
Phng php to trong mt phng Trn S Tng
: Thi p n - Chuyn - Ti Liu - Phn Mm Ton ,... Trang 22

1. Vect ch phng ca ng thng
Vect u 0 = gl vect ch phng ca ng thng A nu gi ca n song song hoc
trng vi A.
Nhn xt: Nu u l mt VTCP ca A th ku (k = 0) cng l mt VTCP ca A.
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTCP.
2. Vect php tuyn ca ng thng
Vect n 0 = gl vect php tuyn ca ng thng A nu gi ca n vung gc vi A.
Nhn xt: Nu n l mt VTPT ca A th kn (k = 0) cng l mt VTPT ca A.
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTPT.
Nu u l mt VTCP v n l mt VTPT ca A th u n .
3. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
Cho ng thng A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) = .
Phng trnh tham s ca A:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
(1) ( t l tham s).

Nhn xt: M(x; y) e A - t e R:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
.
Gi k l h s gc ca A th:
+ k = tano, vi o = xAv , o =
0
90 .
+ k =
u
u
2
1
, vi u
1
0 = .

x
y
A
v
O
A
o

x
y
A
v
O A
o

4. Phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng
Cho ng thng A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) = .
Phng trnh chnh tc ca A:
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

= (2) (u
1
= 0, u
2
= 0).
Ch : Trong trng hp u
1
= 0 hoc u
2
= 0 th ng thng khng c phng trnh
chnh tc.
5. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
PT ax by c 0 + + = vi a b
2 2
0 + = gl phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng.
Nhn xt: Nu A c phng trnh ax by c 0 + + = th A c:
VTPT l n a b ( ; ) = v VTCP u b a ( ; ) = hoc u b a ( ; ) = .
Nu A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTPT n a b ( ; ) = th phng trnh ca A l:
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 + =

CHNG III
PHNG PHP TO TRONG MT PHNG
I. PHNG TRNH NG THNG
toanhiephoa.blogspot.com
Trn S Tng Phng php to trong mt phng

Cc trng hp c bit:

- A i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b = 0): Phng trnh ca A:
x y
a b
1 + = .
(phng trnh ng thng theo on chn) .
- A i qua im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c h s gc k: Phng trnh ca A: y y k x x
0 0
( ) =
(phng trnh ng thng theo h s gc)
6. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = .
To giao im ca A
1
v A
2
l nghim ca h phng trnh:

a x b y c
a x b y c
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
+ + =
+ + =
(1)
- A
1
ct A
2
h (1) c mt nghim
a b
a b
1 1
2 2
= (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
// A
2
h (1) v nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
A
2
h (1) c v s nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
7. Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
1 1 1
( ; ) = )
v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
2 2 2
( ; ) = ).

n n khi n n
n n khi n n
0
1 2 1 2
1 2
0 0
1 2 1 2
( , ) ( , ) 90
( , )
180 ( , ) ( , ) 90
A A

s
=
>

n n a b a b
n n
n n
a b a b
1 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
.
cos( , ) cos( , )
.
.
A A
+
= = =
+ +

Ch : - A
1
A
2
a a b b
1 2 1 2
0 + = .
- Cho A
1
: y k x m
1 1
= + , A
2
: y k x m
2 2
= + th:
+ A
1
// A
2
k
1
= k
2
+ A
1
A
2
k
1
. k
2
= 1.
8. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
- Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) .

ax by c
d M
a b
0 0
0
2 2
( , ) A
+ +
=
+

- V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v hai im
M M N N
M x y N x y ( ; ), ( ; ) e A.
M, N nm cng pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + > .
M, N nm khc pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + < .
Cc h s Phng trnh ng thng A Tnh cht ng thng A
c = 0 0 ax by + = A i qua gc to O
a = 0 0 by c + = A // Ox hoc A Ox
b = 0 0 ax c + = A // Oy hoc A Oy


- Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
l:

a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
+ + + +
=
+ +

VN 1: Lp phng trnh ng thng
- lp phng trnh tham s v phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng A ta cn xc
nh mt im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e A v mt VTCP u u u
1 2
( ; ) = ca A.
PTTS ca A:
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
= +
= +
; PTCT ca A:
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

= (u
1
= 0, u
2
= 0).
- lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng A ta cn xc nh mt im
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e A v mt VTPT n a b ( ; ) = ca A.
PTTQ ca A: a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 + =
- Mt s bi ton thng gp:
+ A i qua hai im
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) (vi
A B A B
x x y y , = = ):
PT ca A:
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

=

+ A i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b = 0): PT ca A:
x y
a b
1 + = .
+ A i qua im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c h s gc k: PT ca A: y y k x x
0 0
( ) =
Ch : Ta c th chuyn i gia cc phng trnh tham s, chnh tc, tng qut ca mt
ng thng.
- tm im M' i xng vi im M qua ng thng d, ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng A qua M v vung gc vi d.
Xc nh I = d A (I l hnh chiu ca M trn d).
Xc nh M' sao cho I l trung im ca MM'.
Cch 2: Gi I l trung im ca MM'. Khi :
M' i xng ca M qua d d
MM u
I d
'

(s dng to )
- vit phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua ng thng A, ta
c th thc hin nh sau:
Nu d // A:
+ Ly A e d. Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua A.
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v song song vi d.
Nu d A = I:
+ Ly A e d (A = I). Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua A.
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v I.
- vit phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua im I, A, ta c
th thc hin nh sau:
Ly A e d. Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua I.
Vit phng trnh ng thng d' qua A' v song song vi d.

Bai 1. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c VTCP u :

a) M(2; 3) , u (5; 1) = b) M(1; 2), u ( 2;3) = c) M(3; 1), u ( 2; 5) =
d) M(1; 2), u (5; 0) = e) M(7; 3), u (0;3) = f) M O(0; 0), u (2;5) =
Bai 2. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c VTPT n :
a) M(2; 3) , n (5; 1) = b) M(1; 2), n ( 2;3) = c) M(3; 1), n ( 2; 5) =
d) M(1; 2), n (5; 0) = e) M(7; 3), n (0;3) = f) M O(0; 0), n (2;5) =
Bai 3. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c h s gc
k:
a) M(3; 1), k = 2 b) M(3; 4), k = 3 c) M(5; 2), k = 1
d) M(3; 5), k = 1 e) M(2; 4), k = 0 f) M O(0; 0), k = 4
Bai 4. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua hai im A, B:
a) A(2; 4), B(1; 0) b) A(5; 3), B(2; 7) c) A(3; 5), B(3; 8)
d) A(2; 3), B(1; 3) e) A(4; 0), B(3; 0) f) A(0; 3), B(0; 2)
g) A(3; 0), B(0; 5) h) A(0; 4), B(3; 0) i) A(2; 0), B(0; 6)
Bai 5. Vit PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v song song
vi ng thng d:
a) M(2; 3), d: x y 4 10 1 0 + = b) M(1; 2), d Ox c) M(4; 3), d Oy
d) M(2; 3), d:
x t
y t
1 2
3 4
=
= +
e) M(0; 3), d:
x y 1 4
3 2
+
=

Bai 6. Vit PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v vung gc
vi ng thng d:
a) M(2; 3), d: x y 4 10 1 0 + = b) M(1; 2), d Ox c) M(4; 3), d Oy
d) M(2; 3), d:
x t
y t
1 2
3 4
=
= +
e) M(0; 3), d:
x y 1 4
3 2
+
=

Bai 7. Cho tam gic ABC. Vit phng trnh cc cnh, cc ng trung tuyn, cc ng cao
ca tam gic vi:
a) A(2; 0), B(2; 3), C(0; 1) b) A(1; 4), B(3; 1), C(6; 2)
c) A(1; 1), B(1; 9), C(9; 1) d) A(4; 1), B(3; 2), C(1; 6)
Bai 8. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh ba cnh ca tam gic. Vit phng trnh cc
ng cao ca tam gic, vi:
a) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 1 0, : 3 7 0, : 5 2 1 0 = + + = + =
b) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 2 0, : 4 5 8 0, : 4 8 0 + + = + = =
Bai 9. Vit phng trnh cc cnh v cc trung trc ca tam gic ABC bit trung im ca
cc cnh BC, CA, AB ln lt l cc im M, N, P, vi:
a) M(1; 1), N(1; 9), P(9; 1) b) M N P
3 5 5 7
; , ; , (2; 4)
2 2 2 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

c) M N P
3 1
2; , 1; , (1; 2)
2 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
d) M N P
3 7
; 2 , ;3 , (1; 4)
2 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .

Bai 10. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v chn trn hai trc to 2 on
bng nhau, vi:
a) M(4; 10) b) M(2; 1) c) M(3; 2) d) M(2; 1)
Bai 11. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cng vi hai trc to to thnh
mt tam gic c din tch S, vi:
a) M(4; 10), S = 2 b) M(2; 1), S = 4 c) M(3; 2), S = 3 d) M(2; 1), S = 4
Bai 12. Tm hnh chiu ca im M ln ng thng d v im M' i xng vi M qua ng
thng d vi:
a) M(2; 1), d x y : 2 3 0 + = b) M(3; 1), d x y : 2 5 30 0 + =
c) M(4; 1), d x y : 2 4 0 + = d) M( 5; 13), d x y : 2 3 3 0 =
Bai 13. Lp phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua ng thng A, vi:

a) d x y x y : 2 1 0, : 3 4 2 0 A + = + = b) d x y x y : 2 4 0, : 2 2 0 A + = + =
c) d x y x y : 1 0, : 3 3 0 A + = + = d) d x y x y : 2 3 1 0, : 2 3 1 0 A + = =
Bai 14. Lp phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi ng thng d qua im I, vi:
a) d x y I : 2 1 0, (2;1) + = b) d x y I : 2 4 0, ( 3; 0) + =
c) d x y I : 1 0, (0;3) + = d) d x y I O : 2 3 1 0, (0; 0) + =

VN 2: Cc bi ton dng tam gic
l cc bi ton xc nh to cc nh hoc phng trnh cc cnh ca mt tam
gic khi bit mt s yu t ca tam gic .
gii loi bi ton ny ta thng s dng n cc cch dng tam gic.
Sau y l mt s dng:
Dng 1: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit cc ng thng cha cnh BC v hai ng cao
BB', CC'.
Cch dng: Xc nh B = BC BB', C = BC CC'.
Dng AB qua B v vung gc vi CC'.
Dng AC qua C v vung gc vi BB'.
Xc nh A = AB AC.
Dng 2: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng cao
BB', CC'.
Cch dng: Dng AB qua A v vung gc vi CC'.
Dng AC qua A v vung gc vi BB'.
Xc nh B = AB BB', C = AC CC'.
Dng 3: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng trung
tuyn BM, CN.
Cch dng: Xc nh trng tm G = BM CN.
Xc nh A' i xng vi A qua G (suy ra BA' // CN, CA' // BM).
Dng d
B
qua A' v song song vi CN.
Dng d
C
qua A' v song song vi BM.
Xc nh B = BM d
B
, C = CN d
C
.
Dng 4: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit hai ng thng cha hai cnh AB, AC v trung
im M ca cnh BC.
Cch dng: Xc nh A = AB AC.
Dng d
1
qua M v song song vi AB.
Dng d
2
qua M v song song vi AC.
Xc nh trung im I ca AC: I = AC d
1
.
Xc nh trung im J ca AB: J = AB d
2
.
Xc nh B, C sao cho JB AJ IC AI , = = .
Cch khc: Trn AB ly im B, trn AC ly im C sao cho MB MC = .

Bai 1. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh mt cnh v hai ng cao. Vit phng trnh
hai cnh v ng cao cn li, vi: (dng 1)
a) AB x y BB x y CC x y : 4 12 0, : 5 4 15 0, : 2 2 9 0
' '
+ = = + =
b) BC x y BB x y CC x y : 5 3 2 0, : 4 3 1 0, : 7 2 22 0
' '
+ = + = + =
c) BC x y BB x y CC x y : 2 0, : 2 7 6 0, : 7 2 1 0
' '
+ = = =
d) BC x y BB x y CC x y : 5 3 2 0, : 2 1 0, : 3 1 0
' '
+ = = + =
Bai 2. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh v phng trnh hai ng cao. Vit phng

trnh cc cnh ca tam gic , vi: (dng 2)
a) A BB x y CC x y (3; 0), : 2 2 9 0, : 3 12 1 0
' '
+ = =
b) A BB x y CC x y (1; 0), : 2 1 0, : 3 1 0
' '
+ = + =
Bai 3. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh v phng trnh hai ng trung tuyn. Vit
phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic , vi: (dng 3)
a) A BM x y CN y (1;3), : 2 1 0, : 1 0 + = =
b) A BM x y CN y (3;9), : 3 4 9 0, : 6 0 + = =
Bai 4. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh mt cnh v hai ng trung tuyn. Vit
phng trnh cc cnh cn li ca tam gic , vi:
a) AB x y AM x y BN x y : 2 7 0, : 5 0, : 2 11 0 + = + = + =
HD: a) AC x y BC x y :16 13 68 0, :17 11 106 0 + = + =
Bai 5. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh hai cnh v to trung im ca cnh th ba.
Vit phng trnh ca cnh th ba, vi: (dng 4)
a) AB x y AC x y M : 2 2 0, : 3 3 0, ( 1;1) + = + =
b) AB x y AC x y M : 2 2 0, : 3 0, (3; 0) = + + =
c) AB x y AC x y M : 1 0, : 2 1 0, (2;1) + = + =
d) AB x y AC x y M : 2 0, : 2 6 3 0, ( 1;1) + = + + =
Bai 6. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh, phng trnh mt ng cao v mt trung
tuyn. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic , vi:
a) A BH x y BM x y (4; 1), : 2 3 12 0, : 2 3 0 + = + =
b) A BH x y CN x y (2; 7), : 3 11 0, : 2 7 0 + + = + + =
c) A BH x y CN x y (0; 2), : 2 1 0, : 2 2 0 + = + =
d) A BH x y CN x y ( 1;2), : 5 2 4 0, : 5 7 20 0 = + =
Bai 7.
a)

VN 3: V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = .
To giao im ca A
1
v A
2
l nghim ca h phng trnh:

a x b y c
a x b y c
1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
+ + =
+ + =
(1)
- A
1
ct A
2
h (1) c mt nghim
a b
a b
1 1
2 2
= (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
// A
2
h (1) v nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
- A
1
A
2
h (1) c v s nghim
a b c
a b c
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = (nu a b c
2 2 2
, , 0 = )
chng minh ba ng thng ng qui, ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Tm giao im ca hai trong ba ng thng.
Chng t ng thng th ba i qua giao im .

Bai 1. Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau, nu chng ct nhau th tm to
giao im ca chng:

a) x y x y 2 3 1 0, 4 5 6 0 + + = + = b) x y x y 4 2 0, 8 2 1 0 + = + + =
c)
x t x t
y t y t
5 4 2
,
3 2 7 3
= + = +

= + = +

d)
x t x t
y t y t
1 2 3
,
2 2 4 6
= = +

= + =

e)
x t
x y
y
5
, 5 0
1
= +
+ =
f) x x y 2, 2 4 0 = + =
Bai 2. Cho hai ng thng d v A. Tm m hai ng thng:
i) ct nhau ii) song song iii) trng nhau
a) d mx y x y : 5 1 0, : 2 3 0 A + = + =
b) d mx m y m x m y m : 2 ( 1) 2 0, : ( 2) (2 1) ( 2) 0 A + = + + + + =
c) d m x m y m m x m y m : ( 2) ( 6) 1 0, : ( 4) (2 3) 5 0 A + + = + + =
d) d m x y mx y m : ( 3) 2 6 0, : 2 0 A + + + = + + =
Bai 3. Tm m ba ng thng sau ng qui:
a) y x x y m x my m 2 1, 3 5 8, ( 8) 2 3 = + = + =
b) y x m y x m mx m y m 2 , 2 , ( 1) 2 1 = = + =
c) x y x y mx m y m 5 11 8, 10 7 74, 4 (2 1) 2 + = = + + +
d) x y x y mx m y m 3 4 15 0, 5 2 1 0, (2 1) 9 13 0 + = + = + =
Bai 4. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
v d
2
v:
a) d x y d x y d qua A
1 2
: 3 2 10 0, : 4 3 7 0, (2;1) + = + =
b) d x y d x y d song song d x y
1 2 3
: 3 5 2 0, : 5 2 4 0, : 2 4 0 + = + = + =
c) d x y d x y d vuong goc d x y
1 2 3
: 3 2 5 0, : 2 4 7 0, : 4 3 5 0 + = + = + =
Bai 5. Tm im m cc ng thng sau lun i qua vi mi m:
a) m x y ( 2) 3 0 + = b) mx y m (2 1) 0 + + =
c) mx y m 2 1 0 = d) m x y ( 2) 1 0 + + =
Bai 6. Cho tam gic ABC vi A(0; 1), B(2; 3), C(2; 0).
a) Vit phng trnh cc ng trung tuyn, phng trnh cc ng cao, phng trnh
cc ng trung trc ca tam gic.
b) Chng minh cc ng trung tuyn ng qui, cc ng cao ng qui, cc ng
trung trc ng qui.
Bai 7. Hai cnh ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD c phng trnh x y x y 3 0, 2 5 6 0 = + + = , nh
C(4; 1). Vit phng trnh hai cnh cn li.
Bai 8. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cch u hai im P, Q vi:
a) M(2; 5), P(1; 2), Q(5; 4) b) M(1; 5), P(2; 9), Q(3; 2)
Bai 9.
a)

VN 4: Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
1. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) .

ax by c
d M
a b
0 0
0
2 2
( , ) A
+ +
=
+

2. V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng A: ax by c 0 + + = v hai im
M M N N
M x y N x y ( ; ), ( ; ) e A.
M, N nm cng pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + > .

M, N nm khc pha i vi A
M M N N
ax by c ax by c ( )( ) 0 + + + + < .
3. Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
l:

a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
+ + + +
=
+ +

Ch : lp phng trnh ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi ca gc A trong tam gic
ABC ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Cch 1:
Tm to chn ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi (da vo tnh cht ng phn
gic ca gc trong tam gic).
Cho AABC vi ng phn gic trong AD v phn gic ngoi AE (D, E e BC)
ta c:
AB
DB DC
AC
. = ,
AB
EB EC
AC
. = .
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im.
Cch 2:
Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic d
1
, d
2
ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
AB, AC.
Kim tra v tr ca hai im B, C i vi d
1
(hoc d
2
).
+ Nu B, C nm khc pha i vi d
1
th d
1
l ng phn gic trong.
+ Nu B, C nm cng pha i vi d
1
th d
1
l ng phn gic ngoi.

Bai 1. Tnh khong cch t im M n ng thng d, vi:
a) M d x y (4; 5), : 3 4 8 0 + = b) M d x y (3;5), : 1 0 + + =
c)
x t
M d
y t
2
(4; 5), :
2 3
=

= +
d)
x y
M d
2 1
(3; 5), :
2 3
+
=
Bai 2.
a) Cho ng thng A: x y 2 3 0 + = . Tnh bn knh ng trn tm I(5; 3) v tip xc
vi A.
b) Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh 2 cnh l: x y x y 2 3 5 0, 3 2 7 0 + = + = v
nh A(2; 3). Tnh din tch hnh ch nht .
c) Tnh din tch hnh vung c 4 nh nm trn 2 ng thng song song:
d x y
1
: 3 4 6 0 + = v d x y
2
: 6 8 13 0 = .
Bai 3. Cho tam gic ABC. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC, vi:
a) A(1; 1), B(2; 4), C(4; 3) b) A(2; 14), B(4; 2), C(5; 4)
Bai 4. Vit phng trnh ng thng d song song v cch ng thng A mt khong k, vi:
a) x y k : 2 3 0, 5 A + = = b)
x t
k
y t
3
: , 3
2 4
A
=
=
= +

c) y k : 3 0, 5 A = = d) x k : 2 0, 4 A = =
Bai 5. Vit phng trnh ng thng d song song vi ng thng A v cch im A mt
khong bng k, vi:
a) x y A k : 3 4 12 0, (2;3), 2 A + = = b) x y A k : 4 2 0, ( 2;3), 3 A + = =
c) y A k : 3 0, (3; 5), 5 A = = d) x A k : 2 0, (3;1), 4 A = =
Bai 6. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v cch B mt khong bng d, vi:
a) A(1; 2), B(3; 5), d = 3 b) A(1; 3), B(4; 2), d = 5
c) A(5; 1), B(2; 3), d = 5 d) A(3; 0), B(0; 4), d = 4.

Bai 7. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cch u hai im P, Q, vi:
a) M(2; 5), P(1; 2), Q(5; 4) b) M(1; 2), P(2; 3), Q(4; 5)
c) M(10; 2), P(3; 0), Q(5; 4) d) M(2; 3), P(3; 1), Q(3; 5)
Bai 8. Vit phng trnh ng thng d cch im A mt khong bng h v cch im B mt
khong bng k, vi:
a) A(1; 1), B(2; 3), h = 2, k = 4 b) A(2; 5), B(1; 2), h = 1, k = 3
Bai 9. Cho ng thng A: x y 2 0 + = v cc im O(0; 0), A(2; 0), B(2; 2).
a) Chng minh ng thng A ct on thng AB.
b) Chng minh rng hai im O, A nm cng v mt pha i vi ng thng A.
c) Tm im O' i xng vi O qua A.
d) Trn A, tm im M sao cho di ng gp khc OMA ngn nht.
Bai 10. Cho hai im A(2; 2), B(5; 1). Tm im C trn ng thng A: x y 2 8 0 + = sao cho
din tch tam gic ABC bng 17 (vdt).
HD: C C
76 18
(12;10), ;
5 5
| |

|
\ .
.
Bai 11. Tm tp hp im.
a) Tm tp hp cc im cch ng thng A: x y 2 5 1 0 + = mt khong bng 3.
b) Tm tp hp cc im cch u hai ng thng d x y x y : 5 3 3 0, : 5 3 7 0 A + = + + = .
c) Tm tp hp cc im cch u hai ng thng d x y y : 4 3 2 0, : 3 0 A + = = .
d) Tm tp hp cc im c t s cc khong cch n hai ng thng sau bng
5
13
:
d x y : 5 12 4 0 + = v x y : 4 3 10 0 A = .
Bai 12. Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng:
a) x y x y 3 4 12 0, 12 5 20 0 + = + = b) x y x y 3 4 9 0, 8 6 1 0 = + =
c) x y x y 3 6 0, 3 2 0 + = + + = d) x y x y 2 11 0, 3 6 5 0 + = =
Bai 13. Cho tam gic ABC. Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC, vi:
a) A(3; 5), B(4; 6), C(3; 1)
b) A(1; 2), B(5; 2), C(1; 3)
c) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, : 2 3 9 0, : 3 2 6 0 + = + + = =
d) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 4 3 12 0, : 3 4 24 0, : 3 4 6 0 + + = = + =
Bai 14.
a)

VN 4: Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng A
1
: a x b y c
1 1 1
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
1 1 1
( ; ) = )
v A
2
: a x b y c
2 2 2
0 + + = (c VTPT n a b
2 2 2
( ; ) = ).

n n khi n n
n n khi n n
0
1 2 1 2
1 2
0 0
1 2 1 2
( , ) ( , ) 90
( , )
180 ( , ) ( , ) 90
A A

s
=
>

n n a b a b
n n
n n
a b a b
1 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
.
cos( , ) cos( , )
.
.
A A
+
= = =
+ +

Ch : - ( )
0 0
1 2
0 , 90 A A s s .
- A
1
A
2
a a b b
1 2 1 2
0 + = .

- Cho A
1
: y k x m
1 1
= + , A
2
: y k x m
2 2
= + th:
+ A
1
// A
2
k
1
= k
2
+ A
1
A
2
k
1
. k
2
= 1.
- Cho AABC. tnh gc A trong AABC, ta c th s dng cng thc:

( )
AB AC
A AB AC
AB AC
.
cos cos ,
.
= =

Bai 1. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng:
a) x y x y 2 1 0, 3 11 0 = + = b) x y x y 2 5 0, 3 6 0 + = + =
c) x y x y 3 7 26 0, 2 5 13 0 + = + = d) x y x y 3 4 5 0, 4 3 11 0 + = + =
Bai 2. Tnh s o ca cc gc trong tam gic ABC, vi:
a) A(3; 5), B(4; 6), C(3; 1)
b) A(1; 2), B(5; 2), C(1; 3)
c) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, : 2 3 9 0, : 3 2 6 0 + = + + = =
d) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 4 3 12 0, : 3 4 24 0, : 3 4 6 0 + + = = + =
Bai 3. Cho hai ng thng d v A. Tm m gc gia hai ng thng bng o, vi:
a) d mx m y m m x m y m
0
: 2 ( 3) 4 1 0, : ( 1) ( 2) 2 0, 45 A o + + = + + + = = .
b) d m x m y m m x m y m
0
: ( 3) ( 1) 3 0, : ( 2) ( 1) 1 0, 90 A o + + = + + = = .
Bai 4. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A v to vi ng thng A mt gc o,
vi:
a) A x y
0
(6;2), : 3 2 6 0, 45 A o + = = b) A x y
0
( 2; 0), : 3 3 0, 45 A o + = =
c) A x y
0
(2;5), : 3 6 0, 60 A o + + = = d) A x y
0
(1;3), : 0, 30 A o = =
Bai 5. Cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I(4; 1) v phng trnh mt cnh l x y 3 5 0 + = .
a) Vit phng trnh hai ng cho ca hnh vung.
b) Tm to 4 nh ca hnh vung.
Bai 6.
a)


1. Phng trnh ng trn
Phng trnh ng trn c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R: x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + = .
Nhn xt: Phng trnh x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = , vi a b c
2 2
0 + > , l phng trnh
ng trn tm I(a; b), bn knh R = a b c
2 2
+ .
2. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng A.
A tip xc vi (C) d I R ( , ) A =

VN 1: Xc nh tm v bn knh ca ng trn
- Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng: x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
th (C) c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R.
- Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng: x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + =
th Bin i a v dng x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
hoc Tm I(a; b), bn knh R = a b c
2 2
+ .
Ch : Phng trnh x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = l phng trnh ng trn nu tho
mn iu kin: a b c
2 2
0 + > .

Bai 15. Trong cc phng trnh sau, phng trnh no l phng trnh ng trn. Tm tm v
bn knh ca ng trn :
a) x y x y
2 2
2 2 2 0 + = b) x y x y
2 2
6 4 12 0 + + =
c) x y x y
2 2
2 8 1 0 + + + = d) x y x
2 2
6 5 0 + + =
e) x y x y
2 2
16 16 16 8 11 + + = f) x y x y
2 2
7 7 4 6 1 0 + + =
g) x y x y
2 2
2 2 4 12 11 0 + + + = h) x y x y
2 2
4 4 4 5 10 0 + + + =
Bai 16. Tm m cc phng trnh sau l phng trnh ng trn:
a) x y mx my m
2 2
4 2 2 3 0 + + + + =
b) x y m x my m
2 2 2
2( 1) 2 3 2 0 + + + + =
c) x y m x my m m
2 2 2
2( 3) 4 5 4 0 + + + + =
d) x y mx m y m m m m
2 2 2 4 4 2
2 2( 1) 2 2 4 1 0 + + + =
Bai 17. * Tm m cc phng trnh sau l phng trnh ng trn:
a) x y x y m m
2 2
6 2 ln 3ln 7 0 + + + + =
b) x y x y m
2 2
2 4 ln( 2) 4 0 + + + + =
c)
m m m
x y e x e y e
2 2 2 2
2 2 6 4 0 + + + =
d) x y x m y m m
2 2 2
2 cos 4 cos 2sin 5 0 + + + + =
e) x y x m y m
2 2
4 cos 2 sin 4 0 + + =
Bai 18.
a)
II. PHNG TRNH NG TRN

VN 2: Lp phng trnh ng trn
lp phng trnh ng trn (C) ta thng cn phi xc nh tm I (a; b) v bn knh
R ca (C). Khi phng trnh ng trn (C) l:
x a y b R
2 2 2
( ) ( ) + =
Dng 1: (C) c tm I v i qua im A.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 2: (C) c tm I v tip xc vi ng thng A.
Bn knh R = d I ( , ) A .
Dng 3: (C) c ng knh AB.
Tm I l trung im ca AB.
Bn knh R =
AB
2
.
Dng 4: (C) i qua hai im A, B v c tm I nm trn ng thng A.
Vit phng trnh ng trung trc d ca on AB.
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v A.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 5: (C) i qua hai im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng A.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
I d
d I IA ( , ) A
e
.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 6: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng A ti im B.
Vit phng trnh ng thng A' i qua B v vung gc vi A.
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v A'.
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 7: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
d I d I
d I IA
1 2
1
( , ) ( , ) (1)
( , ) (2)
A A
A
=

Bn knh R = IA.
Ch : Mun b du GTT trong (1), ta xt du min mt phng nh bi A
1
v A
2

hay xt du khong cch i s t A n A
1
v A
2
.
Nu A
1
// A
2
, ta tnh R = d
1 2
1
( , )
2
A A , v (2) c thay th bi IA = R.
Dng 8: (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
, A
2
v c tm nm trn ng thng d.
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
d I d I
I d
1 2
( , ) ( , ) A A =
.
Bn knh R = d I
1
( , ) A .
Dng 9: (C) i qua ba im khng thng hng A, B, C (ng trn ngoi tip tam gic).
Cch 1: Phng trnh ca (C) c dng: x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = (*).
Ln lt thay to ca A, B, C vo (*) ta c h phng trnh.
Gii h phng trnh ny ta tm c a, b, c phng trnh ca (C).
Cch 2: Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
IA IB
IA IC
=
.
Bn knh R = IA = IB = IC.

Dng 10: (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
Vit phng trnh ca hai ng phn gic trong ca hai gc trong tam gic
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca hai ng phn gic trn.
Bn knh R = d I AB ( , ) .

Bai 1. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm I v i qua im A, vi: (dng 1)
a) I(2; 4), A(1; 3) b) I(3; 2), A(1; 1) c) I(1; 0), A(3; 11) d) I(1; 2), A(5; 2)
Bai 2. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm I v tip xc vi ng thng A, vi: (dng 2)
a) I x y (3; 4), : 4 3 15 0 A + = b) I x y (2;3), : 5 12 7 0 A =
c) I Ox ( 3;2), A d) I Oy ( 3; 5), A
Bai 3. Vit phng trnh ng trn c ng knh AB, vi: (dng 3)
a) A(2; 3), B(6; 5) b) A(0; 1), C(5; 1) c) A(3; 4), B(7; 2) d) A(5; 2), B(3; 6)
Bai 4. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A, B v c tm I nm trn ng thng
A, vi: (dng 4)
a) A B x y (2;3), ( 1;1), : 3 11 0 A = b) A B x y (0; 4), (2;6), : 2 5 0 A + =
c) A B x y (2;2), (8;6), : 5 3 6 0 A + =
Bai 5. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng A,
vi: (dng 5)
a) A B x y (1;2), (3; 4), : 3 3 0 A + = b) A B x y (6;3), (3;2), : 2 2 0 A + =
c) A B x y ( 1; 2), (2;1), : 2 2 0 A + = d) A B Oy (2; 0), (4;2), A
Bai 6. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng A ti im B,
vi: (dng 6)
a) A x y B ( 2;6), : 3 4 15 0, (1; 3) A = b) A x y B ( 2;1), : 3 2 6 0, (4;3) A =
c) A Ox B (6; 2), , (6; 0) A d) A x y B (4; 3), : 2 3 0, (3; 0) A + =
Bai 7. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua im A v tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
v A
2
,
vi: (dng 7)
a) A x y x y
1 2
(2;3), : 3 4 1 0, : 4 3 7 0 A A + = + =
b) A x y x y
1 2
(1;3), : 2 2 0, : 2 9 0 A A + + = + =
c) A O x y x y
1 2
(0; 0), : 4 0, : 4 0 A A + = + + =
d) A Ox Oy
1 2
(3; 6), , A A
Bai 8. Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi hai ng thng A
1
, A
2
v c tm nm trn
ng thng d, vi: (dng 8)
a) x y x y d x y
1 2
: 3 2 3 0, : 2 3 15 0, : 0 A A + + = + = =
b) x y x y d x y
1 2
: 4 0, : 7 4 0, : 4 3 2 0 A A + + = + = + =
c) x y x y d x y
1 2
: 4 3 16 0, : 3 4 3 0, : 2 3 0 A A = + + = + =
d) x y x y d x y
1 2
: 4 2 0, : 4 17 0, : 5 0 A A + = + + = + =
Bai 9. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, vi: (dng 9)
a) A(2; 0), B(0; 3), C(5; 3) b) A(5; 3), B(6; 2), C(3; 1)
c) A(1; 2), B(3; 1), C(3; 1) d) A(1; 7), B(4; 3), C O(0; 0)
e) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 0, : 2 3 1 0, : 4 17 0 + = + = + =
f) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 5 0, : 2 7 0, : 1 0 + = + = + =
Bai 10. Vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC, vi: (dng 10)
a) A(2; 6), B(3; 4), C(5; 0) b) A(2; 0), B(0; 3), C(5; 3)
c) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, : 3 2 6 0, : 2 3 9 0 + = = + + =
d) AB x y BC x y CA x y : 7 11 0, : 15, : 7 17 65 0 + = + + + =

Bai 11.
a)

VN 3: Tp hp im
1. Tp hp cc tm ng trn
tm tp hp cc tm I ca ng trn (C), ta c th thc hin nh sau:
a) Tm gi tr ca m tn ti tm I.
b) Tm to tm I. Gi s: I
x f m
y g m
( )
( )
=
.
c) Kh m gia x v y ta c phng trnh F(x; y) = 0.
d) Gii hn: Da vo iu kin ca m a) gii hn min ca x hoc y.
e) Kt lun: Phng trnh tp hp im l F(x; y) = 0 cng vi phn gii hn d).
2. Tp hp im l ng trn
Thc hin tng t nh trn.

Bai 1. Tm tp hp cc tm I ca ng trn (C) c phng trnh (m l tham s):
a) x y m x my m
2 2
2( 1) 4 3 11 0 + + + =
b) x y mx m y m
2 2
2 4( 1) 3 14 0 + + + + =
c) x y mx m y
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 + + =
d) x y mx m m y m
2 2 2
( 2) 2 4 0 + + + =
Bai 2. * Tm tp hp cc tm I ca ng trn (C) c phng trnh (t l tham s):
a) x y t x y t t
2 2
2(cos2 4) 2 sin2 6cos2 3 0 + + + =
b) x y x t t t y t
2 2 2
4 sin 4(cos2 sin ) 2cos 0 + + =
c)
t t t
x y e x e y e
2 2 2
2(2 ) 4( 1) 3 0 + + =
d) t x y t x t t y t
2 2 2 2 2 2
( 1)( ) 8( 1) 4( 4 1) 3 3 0 + + + + + =
Bai 3. Tm tp hp cc tm I ca ng trn (C), bit:
a) (C) tip xc vi ng thng d x y : 6 8 15 0 + = v c bn knh R = 3
b) (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng d x y d x y
1 2
: 2 3 0, : 2 6 0 + = + + =
c) (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng d x y d x y
1 2
: 2 3 6 0, : 3 2 9 0 + = + =
d) (C) tip xc vi ng trn C x y x y
2 2
( ) : 4 6 3 0
'
+ + = v c bn knh R = 2.
e) (C) i qua im A(2; 3) v tip xc vi ng thng d y : 5 0 =
Bai 4. Cho hai im A(2; 4), B(6; 2). Tm tp hp cc im M(x; y) sao cho:
a) AM BM
2 2
100 + = b)
MA
MB
3 = c) AM BM k
2 2 2
+ = (k > 0)
Bai 5. Cho hai im A(2; 3), B(2; 1). Tm tp hp cc im M(x; y) sao cho:
a) AM BM . 0 = b) AM BM . 4 =
Bai 6. Tm tp hp cc im M sao cho tng bnh phng cc khong cch t n hai
ng thng d v d' bng k, vi:
a) d x y d x y k : 3 0, : 1 0, 9
'
+ = + = = = b)
Bai 7. Cho bn im A(4; 4), B(6; 4), C(6; 2), D(4; 2).
a) Chng t rng ABCD l hnh ch nht.
b) Tm tp hp cc im M sao cho tng bnh phng cc khong cch t M n cc cnh

ca hnh ch nht bng 100.
Bai 8.
a)

VN 4: V tr tng i ca ng thng d v ng trn (C)
bin lun s giao im ca ng thng d: Ax By C 0 + + = v ng trn (C):
x y ax by c
2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = , ta c th thc hin nh sau:.
- Cch 1: So snh khong cch t tm I n d vi bn knh R.
Xc nh tm I v bn knh R ca (C).
Tnh khong cch t I n d.
+ d I d R ( , ) < d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.
+ d I d R ( , ) = d tip xc vi (C).
+ d I d R ( , ) > d v (C) khng c im chung.
- Cch 2: To giao im (nu c) ca d v (C) l nghim ca h phng trnh:

Ax By C
x y ax by c
2 2
0
2 2 0
+ + =
+ + + + =
(*)
+ H (*) c 2 nghim d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.
+ H (*) c 1 nghim d tip xc vi (C).
+ H (*) v nghim d v (C) khng c im chung.

Bai 1. Bin lun theo m s giao im ca ng thng d v ng trn (C), vi:
a) d mx y m C x y x y
2 2
: 3 2 0, ( ) : 4 2 0 = + =
b) d x y m C x y x y
2 2
: 2 0, ( ) : 6 2 5 0 + = + + + =
c) d x y C x y m x y m
2 2
: 1 0, ( ) : 2(2 1) 4 4 0 + = + + + =
d) d mx y m C x y x y
2 2
: 4 0, ( ) : 2 4 4 0 + = + =
Bai 2. Cho ng trn (C): x y x y
2 2
2 2 1 0 + + = v ng thng d i qua im A(1; 0)
v c h s gc k .
a) Vit phng trnh ng thng d.
b) Bin lun theo k v tr tng i ca d v (C).
c) Suy ra phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca (C) xut pht t A.
Bai 3. Cho ng thng d v ng trn (C):
i) Chng t d ct (C). ii) Tm to cc giao im ca d v (C).
a) d i qua M(1; 5) v c h s gc k =
1
3
, C x y x y
2 2
( ) : 6 4 8 0 + + =
b) d x y C x y x y
2 2
: 3 10 0, ( ) : 4 2 20 0 = + =
Bai 4.
a)

VN 5: V tr tng i ca hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
)
bin lun s giao im ca hai ng trn
(C
1
): x y a x b y c
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 0 + + + + = , (C
2
): x y a x b y c
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 0 + + + + = .
ta c th thc hin nh sau:

- Cch 1: So snh di on ni tm I
1
I
2
vi cc bn knh R
1
, R
2
.
+ R R I I R R
1 2 1 2 1 2
< < + (C
1
) ct (C
2
) ti 2 im.
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
= + (C
1
) tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
= (C
1
) tip xc trong vi (C
2
).
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
> + (C
1
) v (C
2
) ngoi nhau.
+ I I R R
1 2 1 2
< (C
1
) v (C
2
) trong nhau.
- Cch 2: To cc giao im (nu c) ca (C
1
) v (C
2
) l nghim ca h phng trnh:

x y a x b y c
x y a x b y c
2 2
1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 0
2 2 0
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
(*)
+ H (*) c hai nghim (C
1
) ct (C
2
) ti 2 im.
+ H (*) c mt nghim (C
1
) tip xc vi (C
2
).
+ H (*) v nghim (C
1
) v (C
2
) khng c im chung.

Bai 1. Xt v tr tng i ca hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
), tm to giao im, nu c, vi:
a) C x y x y C x y x y
2 2 2 2
1 2
( ) : 6 10 24 0, ( ) : 6 4 12 0 + + + = + =
b) C x y x y C x y x y
2 2 2 2
1 2
( ) : 4 6 4 0, ( ) : 10 14 70 0 + + = + + =
c) C x y y C co tam I va ban knh R
2 2
1 2 2 2
5 5
( ) : 6x 3 0, ( ) 5;
2 2
| |
+ = =
|
\ .

Bai 2. Bin lun s giao im ca hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
), vi:
a) C x y x my m C x y mx m y m
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
( ) : 6 2 4 0, ( ) : 2 2( 1) 4 0 + + + = + + + + =
b) C x y mx my m C x y m x my m
2 2 2 2
1 2
( ) : 4 2 2 3 0, ( ) : 4( 1) 2 6 1 0 + + + + = + + + + =
Bai 3. Cho hai im A(8; 0), B(0; 6).
a) Vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic OAB.
b) Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca OA, AB, OB. Vit phng trnh ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic MNP.
c) Chng minh rng hai ng trn trn tip xc nhau. Tm to tip im.
Bai 4.
a)

VN 6: Tip tuyn ca ng trn (C)
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng A.
A tip xc vi (C) d I R ( , ) A =
- Dng 1: Tip tuyn ti mt im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) e (C).
A i qua M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c VTPT IM
0
.
- Dng 2: Tip tuyn c phng cho trc.
Vit phng trnh ca A c phng cho trc (phng trnh cha tham s t).
Da vo iu kin: d I R ( , ) A = , ta tm c t. T suy ra phng trnh ca A.
- Dng 3: Tip tuyn v t mt im
A A
A x y ( ; ) ngoi ng trn (C).
Vit phng trnh ca A i qua A (cha 2 tham s).
Da vo iu kin: d I R ( , ) A = , ta tm c cc tham s. T suy ra phng trnh

ca A.

Bai 1. Cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d.
i) Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca (C) ti cc giao im ca (C) vi cc trc to
.
ii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi d.
iii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) song song vi d.
a) C x y x y d x y
2 2
( ) : 6 2 5 0, : 2 3 0 + + = + =
b) C x y x y d x y
2 2
( ) : 4 6 0, : 2 3 1 0 + = + =
Bai 2. Cho ng trn (C), im A v ng thng d.
i) Chng t im A ngoi (C).
ii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) k t A.
iii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi d.
iv) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) song song vi d.
a) C x y x y A d x y
2 2
( ) : 4 6 12 0, ( 7;7), : 3 4 6 0 + = + =
b) C x y x y A d x y
2 2
( ) : 4 8 10 0, (2;2), : 2 6 0 + + + = + =
Bai 3. Cho hai im A(1; 2), B(3; 4) v ng thng d y x : 3 3 = .
a) Vit phng trnh cc ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
) qua A, B v tip xc vi d.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung (khc d) ca hai ng trn .
Bai 4. Cho ng trn (C): x y x my m
2 2 2
6 2 4 0 + + + = .
a) Tm m t A(2; 3) c th k c hai tip tuyn vi (C).
b) Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn khi m = 6.
Bai 5.
a)


1. nh ngha
Cho F
1
, F
2
c nh vi FF c
1 2
2 = (c > 0).
M E MF MF a
1 2
( ) 2 e + = (a > c)
F
1
, F
2
: cc tiu im, FF c
1 2
2 = : tiu c.
2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca elip

x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = a b b a c
2 2 2
( 0, ) > > =
- To cc tiu im: F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
- Vi M(x; y) e (E), MF MF
1 2
, gl cc bn knh qua tiu im ca M.

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =
3. Hnh dng ca elip
- (E) nhn cc trc to lm cc trc i xng v gc to lm tm i xng.
- To cc nh: A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; )
- di cc trc: trc ln: A A a
1 2
2 = , trc nh: B B b
1 2
2 =
- Tm sai ca (E):
c
e
a
= (0 < e < 1)
- Hnh ch nht c s: to bi cc ng thng x a y b , = = (ngoi tip elip).
4. ng chun ca elip (chng trnh nng cao)
- Phng trnh cc ng chun A
i
ng vi cc tiu im F
i
l:
a
x
e
0 =
- Vi M e (E) ta c:
MF MF
e
d M d M
1 2
1 2
( , ) ( , ) A A
= = (e < 1)

VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (E)
a phng trnh ca (E) v dng chnh tc:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = . Xc nh a, b, c.
Cc yu t: di trc ln 2a, trc nh 2b.
Tiu c 2c.
To cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
To cc nh A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; ) .
Tm sai
c
e
a
= .
Phng trnh cc ng chun
a
x
e
0 =

Bai 19. Cho elip (E). Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, to cc tiu im, to cc nh,
III. PHNG TRNH NG ELIP

tm sai, phng trnh cc ng chun ca (E), vi (E) c phng trnh:
a)
x y
2 2
1
9 4
+ = b)
x y
2 2
1
16 9
+ = c)
x y
2 2
1
25 9
+ = d)
x y
2 2
1
4 1
+ =
e) x y
2 2
16 25 400 + = f) x y
2 2
4 1 + = g) x y
2 2
4 9 5 + = h) x y
2 2
9 25 1 + =
Bai 20.
a)

VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E)
lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) ta cn xc nh di cc na trc a, b ca (E).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (E):
+ b a c
2 2 2
= +
c
e
a
= + Cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0)
+ Cc nh: A a A a B b B b
1 2 1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0), (0; ), (0; )

Bai 1. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E), bit:
a) di trc ln bng 6, trc nh bng 4.
b) di trc ln bng 10, tiu c bng 6.
c) di trc ln bng 8, di trc nh bng tiu c.
d) Tiu c bng 8 v i qua im
( )
M 15; 1 .
e) di trc nh bng 6 v i qua im
( )
M 2 5; 2 .
e) Mt tiu im l F
1
( 2; 0) v di trc ln bng 10.
f) Mt tiu im l
( )
F
1
3; 0 v i qua im M
3
1;
2
| |
|
\ .
.
g) i qua hai im M N
3
(1; 0), ;1
2
| |
|
\ .
.
h) i qua hai im
( ) ( )
M N 4; 3 , 2 2;3 .
Bai 2. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E), bit:
a) di trc ln bng 10, tm sai bng
3
5
.
b) Mt tiu im l F
1
( 8; 0) v tm sai bng
4
5
.
c) di trc nh bng 6, phng trnh cc ng chun l x 7 16 0 = .
d) Mt nh l A
1
( 8; 0) , tm sai bng
3
4
.
e) i qua im M
5
2;
3
| |
|
\ .
v c tm sai bng
2
3
.
Bai 3.
a)

VN 3: Tm im trn (E) tho mn iu kin cho trc

Ch cc cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) e (E):

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =

Bai 1. Cho elip (E) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc ln ti tiu im bn phi F
2
ct (E)
ti hai im M, N.
i) Tm to cc im M, N. ii) Tnh MF MF MN
1 2
, , .
a) x y
2 2
9 25 225 + = b) x y
2 2
9 16 144 + = c) x y
2 2
7 16 112 + =
Bai 2. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M e (E) sao cho:
i) MF MF
1 2
= ii) MF MF
2 1
3 = iii) MF MF
1 2
4 =
a) x y
2 2
9 25 225 + = b) x y
2 2
9 16 144 + = c) x y
2 2
7 16 112 + =
Bai 3. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M e (E) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc vung, vi:
a) x y
2 2
9 25 225 + = b) x y
2 2
9 16 144 + = c) x y
2 2
7 16 112 + =
Bai 4. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M e (E) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc
0
60 , vi:
a) x y
2 2
9 25 225 + = b) x y
2 2
9 16 144 + = c) x y
2 2
7 16 112 + =
Bai 5.
a)

VN 4: Tp hp im
tm tp hp cc im M(x; y) tho iu kin cho trc, ta a v mt trong cc dng:
Dng 1: MF MF a
1 2
2 + = Tp hp l elip (E) c hai tiu im F
1
, F
2
, trc ln 2a.
Dng 2:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = (a > b) Tp hp l elip (E) c di trc ln 2a, trc nh 2b.

Bai 1. Cho ng trn (C): x y x
2 2
6 55 0 + = v im F
1
( 3; 0) :
a) Tm tp hp cc tm M ca ng trn (C') di ng lun i qua F
1
v tip xc vi (C).
b) Vit phng trnh ca tp hp trn.
Bai 2. Cho hai ng trn (C): x y x
2 2
4 32 0 + + = v (C'): x y x
2 2
4 0 + = :
a) Chng minh (C) v (C') tip xc nhau.
b) Tm tp hp cc tm M ca ng trn (T) di ng v tip xc vi hai ng trn trn.
c) Vit phng trnh ca tp hp .
Bai 3. Tm tp hp cc im M c t s cc khong cch t n im F v n ng
thng A bng e, vi:
a) F x e
1
(3; 0), : 12 0,
2
A = = b) F x e
1
(2; 0), : 8 0,
2
A = =
c) F x e
4
( 4; 0), : 4 25 0,
5
A + = = d) F x e
3
(3; 0), : 3 25 0,
5
A = =
Bai 4. Cho hai im A, B ln lt chy trn hai trc Ox v Oy sao cho AB = 12.
a) Tm tp hp cc trung im I ca on AB.

b) Tm tp hp cc im N chia on AB theo t s k
1
2
= .
Bai 5.
a)

VN 5: Mt s bi ton khc

Bai 1. Tm tm sai ca (E) trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Mi nh trn trc nh nhn hai tiu im di mt gc vung.
b) Mi tiu im nhn trc nh di mt gc vung.
c) Mi tiu im nhn trc nh di mt gc
0
60 .
d) di trc ln bng k ln di trc nh (k > 1).
e) Khong cch t mt nh trn trc ln n mt nh trn trc nh bng tiu c.
Bai 2. Cho elip (E):
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = . Mt gc vung nh O quay quanh O, c 2 cnh ct (E) ln
lt ti A v B.
a) Chng minh rng
OA OB
2 2
1 1
+ khng i.
b) Tnh khong cch t O n ng thng AB. Suy ra ng thng AB lun tip xc vi
mt ng trn (C) c nh. Tm phng trnh ca (C).
HD: a)
a b
2 2
1 1
+ b)
OH OA OB a b
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
= + = +
ab
OH
a b
2 2
=
+

x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 + = . Gi F
1
, F
2
l 2 tiu im, A
1
, A
2
l 2 nh trn trc ln, M
l 1 im tu thuc (E).
a) Chng minh: MF MF OM a b
2 2 2
1 2
. + = + .
b) Gi P l hnh chiu ca M trn trc ln. Chng minh:
MP b
A P A P
a
2 2
2
1 2
.
= .
Bai 4.
a)


1. nh ngha
Cho F
1
, F
2
c nh vi FF c
1 2
2 = (c > 0).
M H MF MF a
1 2
( ) 2 e = (a < c)
F
1
, F
2
: cc tiu im, FF c
1 2
2 = : tiu c.
2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca hypebol

x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 = a b b c a
2 2 2
( , 0, ) > =
- To cc tiu im: F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
- Vi M(x; y) e (H), MF MF
1 2
, gl cc bn knh qua tiu im ca M.

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =
3. Hnh dng ca hypebol
- (H) nhn cc trc to lm cc trc i xng v gc to lm tm i xng.
- To cc nh: A a A a
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0)
- di cc trc: trc thc: 2a, trc o: 2b
- Tm sai ca (H):
c
e
a
= (e > 1)
- Hnh ch nht c s: to bi cc ng thng x a y b , = = .
- Phng trnh cc ng tim cn:
b
y x
a
= .
4. ng chun ca hypebol
- Phng trnh cc ng chun A
i
ng vi cc tiu im F
i
l:
a
x
e
0 =
- Vi M e (H) ta c:
MF MF
e
d M d M
1 2
1 2
( , ) ( , ) A A
= = (e < 1)

VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (H)
a phng trnh ca (H) v dng chnh tc:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 = . Xc nh a, b, c.
Cc yu t: di trc thc 2a, trc o 2b.
Tiu c 2c.
To cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
To cc nh A a A a
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0) .
Tm sai
c
e
a
= .
Phng trnh cc ng tim cn:
b
y x
a
=
Phng trnh cc ng chun
a
x
e
0 =
Bai 21. Cho hypebol (H). Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, to cc tiu im, to cc
IV. PHNG TRNH NG HYPEBOL

nh, tm sai, phng trnh cc ng tim cn, phng trnh cc ng chun ca
(H), vi (H) c phng trnh:
a)
x y
2 2
1
9 16
= b)
x y
2 2
1
16 9
= c)
x y
2 2
1
25 9
= d)
x y
2 2
1
4 1
=
e) x y
2 2
16 25 400 = f) x y
2 2
4 1 = g) x y
2 2
4 9 5 = h) x y
2 2
9 25 1 =
Bai 22.
a)

VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H)
lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H) ta cn xc nh di cc na trc a, b ca (H).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (H):
+ b c a
2 2 2
= +
c
e
a
= + Cc tiu im F c F c
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0)
+ Cc nh: A a A a
1 2
( ; 0), ( ; 0)

Bai 4. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H), bit:
a) di trc thc bng 6, trc o bng 4.
b) di trc thc bng 8, tiu c bng 10.
c) Tiu c bng 2 13 , mt tim cn l y x
2
3
= .
d) di trc thc bng 48, tm sai bng
13
12
.
e) di trc o bng 6, tm sai bng
5
4
.
a) Mt nh l A(5; 0), mt tiu im l F(6; 0).
b) Mt tiu im l F(7; 0), tm sai e = 2.
c) (H) i qua hai im
( )
M N 2; 6 , ( 3; 4) .
d) di trc thc bng 8 v i qua im A(5; 3).
e) Tiu c bng 10 v i qua im A(4; 3).
f) C cng tiu im vi elip (E): x y
2 2
10 36 360 0 + = , tm sai bng
5
3
.
a) Mt nh l A(3; 0) v mt tim cn l d: x y 2 3 0 = .
b) Hai tim cn l d: x y 2 0 = v khong cch gia hai ng chun bng
2 5
5
.
c) Tiu c bng 8 v hai tim cn vung gc vi nhau.
d) Hai tim cn l d: x y 3 4 0 = v hai ng chun l A: x 5 16 0 = .
e) i qua im E(4; 6) v hai tim cn l d: x y 3 0 = .
Bai 7.
a)


VN 3: Tm im trn (H) tho mn iu kin cho trc
Ch : - Cc cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) e (H):

c c
MF a x MF a x
a a
1 2
, = + =
- Nu M thuc nhnh phi th x > a

c
MF x a
a
1
= + ,
c
MF x a
a
2
= (MF
1
> MF
2
)
- Nu M thuc nhnh tri th x s a

c
MF x a
a
1
| |
= +
|
\ .
,
c
MF x a
a
2
| |
=
|
\ .
(MF
1
< MF
2
)

Bai 6. Cho hypebol (H) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc thc ti tiu im bn tri F
1

ct (H) ti hai im M, N.
i) Tm to cc im M, N. ii) Tnh MF MF MN
1 2
, , .
a) x y
2 2
16 9 144 = b) x y
2 2
12 4 48 = c) x y
2 2
10 36 360 0 + =
Bai 7. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M e (H) sao cho:
i) MF MF
2 1
3 = ii) MF MF
1 2
3 = iii) MF MF
1 2
2 = iv) MF MF
1 2
4 =
a)
x y
2 2
1
9 16
= b)
x y
2 2
1
4 12
= c)
x y
2 2
1
4 5
= d)
x
y
2
2
1
4
=
Bai 8. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M e (H) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc vung,
vi:
a)
x
y
2
2
1
4
= b)
x y
2 2
1
9 4
= c)
x y
2 2
1
4 12
= d)
x y
2 2
1
9 16
=
Bai 9. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M e (H) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc o, vi:
a)
x y
2 2
0
1, 120
4 5
o = = b)
x y
2 2
0
1, 120
36 13
o = = c)
x y
2 2
0
1, 60
16 9
o = =
Bai 10.
a)

VN 4: Tp hp im
Dng 1: MF MF a
1 2
2 = Tp hp l hypebol (H) c hai tiu im F
1
, F
2
, trc thc
2a.
Dng 2:
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 = Tp hp l hypebol (H) c di trc thc 2a, trc o 2b.

Bai 6. Cho ng trn (C): x y x
2 2
4 0 + + = v im F
2
(2; 0) .
a) Tm to tm F
1
v bn knh R ca (C).
b) Tm tp hp cc tm M ca ng trn (C') di ng lun i qua F
2
v tip xc vi (C).
c) Vit phng trnh ca tp hp trn.
Bai 7. Cho hai ng trn (C): x y x
2 2
10 9 0 + + + = v (C'): x y x
2 2
10 21 0 + + = .

a) Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh ca (C) v (C').
b) Tm tp hp cc tm M ca ng trn (T) tip xc vi (C) v (C').
c) Vit phng trnh ca tp hp trn.
HD: c) (H):
y
x
2
2
1
24
= .
Bai 8. Cho hai ng thng A: x y 5 2 0 = v A': x y 5 2 0 + = .
a) Tm tp hp (H) cc im M c tch cc khong cch t M n A v A' bng
100
29
.
b) Vit phng trnh cc ng tim cn ca (H).
c) Gi N l mt im bt k trn (H). Chng minh tch cc khong cch t N n cc
ng tim cn ca (H) bng mt s khng i.
Bai 9. Tm tp hp cc im M c t s cc khong cch t n im F v n ng
thng A bng e, vi:
a) F x e (4; 0), : 1 0, 2 A = = b) F x e
3 2 3 2
(3 2; 0), : ,
2 3
A =
c) F x e
3
(6; 0), : 3 8 0,
2
A = = d) ( ) F x e
3
3; 0 , : 3 4 0,
2
A = =
Bai 10.
a)

VN 5: Mt s bi ton khc

Bai 5. Cho hypebol (H): x y
2 2
9 16 144 0 = .
a) Vit phng trnh cc ng chun ca (H).
b) Vit phng trnh cc ng tim cn ca (H).
c) Gi M l mt im bt k trn (H). Chng minh tch cc khong cch t M n hai
ng tim cn bng mt s khng i.
2 2
9 16 144 0 = .
a) Tm im M trn (H) sao cho bn knh qua tiu im bn tri bng 2 ln bn knh qua
tiu im bn phi ca M.
b) Tm im N trn (H) sao cho FNF
0
1 2
90 = .
c) Chng minh rng nu mt ng thng d ct (H) ti P, Q v ct hai ng tim cn ti
P', Q' th PP' = QQ'.
HD: c) Chng t hai on PQ v P'Q' c chung trung im.
Bai 7. Cho hypebol (H):
x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 = .
a) Gi M l im tu trn (H). Chng minh tch cc khong cch t M n hai ng
tim cn bng mt s khng i.
b) T mt im N bt k trn (H), dng hai ng thng song song vi hai ng tim
cn, cng vi hai ng tim cn to thnh mt hnh bnh hnh. Tnh din tch hnh bnh
hnh .
HD: a)
a b
a b
2 2
2 2
+
b) ab
1
2
.
Bai 8.
a)

V. PHNG TRNH NG PARABOL

1. nh ngha
Cho im F v ng thng A khng i qua F.
M P MF d M ( ) ( , ) A e =
F: tiu im, A: ng chun, p d F ( , ) A = : tham s tiu.
2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca parabol
y px
2
2 = (p > 0)
- To tiu im:
p
F ; 0
2
| |
|
\ .
.
- Phng trnh ng chun: A:
p
x 0
2
+ = .
- Vi M(x; y) e (P), bn knh qua tiu im ca M l
p
MF x
2
= + .
3. Hnh dng ca parabol
- (P) nm v pha bn phi ca trc tung.
- (P) nhn trc honh lm trc i xng.
- To nh: O(0; 0)
- Tm sai: e = 1.

VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (P)
a phng trnh ca (P) v dng chnh tc: y px
2
2 = . Xc nh tham s tiu p.
Cc yu t: To tiu im
p
F ; 0
2
| |
|
\ .
.
Phng trnh ng chun A:
p
x 0
2
+ = .

Bai 23. Cho parabol (P). Xc nh to tiu im v phng trnh ng chun ca (P), vi:
a) P y x
2
( ) : 6 = b) P y x
2
( ) : 2 = c) P y x
2
( ) : 16 = d) P y x
2
( ) : =
Bai 24.
a)

VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P)
lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P) ta cn xc nh tham s tiu p ca (P).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (P):
To tiu im
p
F ; 0
2
| |
|
\ .
Phng trnh ng chun A:
p
x 0
2
+ = .

Bai 8. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P), bit:
a) Tiu im F(4; 0) b) Tiu im F(3; 0) c) i qua im M(1; 4)
c) ng chun A: x 2 0 + = d) ng chun A: x 3 0 + = e) i qua im M(1; 2)
Bai 9. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P), bit:
a) Tiu im F trng vi tiu im bn phi ca elip (E): x y
2 2
5 9 45 + = .
b) Tiu im F trng vi tiu im bn phi ca hypebol (H): x y
2 2
16 9 144 = .
c) Tiu im F trng vi tm ca ng trn (C): x x y
2 2
6 5 0 + + = .

Bai 10.
a)

VN 3: Tm im trn (P) tho mn iu kin cho trc
Ch : Cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) e (P):

p
MF x
2
= +

Bai 11. Cho parabol (P) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc i xng ti tiu im F ct (P)
ti hai im M, N.
i) Tm to cc im M, N. ii) Tnh MF MN , .
a) P y x
2
( ) : 6 = b) P y x
2
( ) : 2 = c) P y x
2
( ) : 16 = d) P y x
2
( ) : =
Bai 12. Cho parabol (P).
i) Tm nhng im M e (P) cch tiu im F mt on bng k.
ii) Chn M c tung dng. Tm im A e (P) sao cho AAFM vung ti F.
a) P y x k
2
( ) : 8 , 10 = = b) P y x k
2
( ) : 2 , 5 = = c) P y x k
2
( ) : 16 , 4 = =
Bai 13. Cho parabol (P) v ng thng d c h s gc m quay quanh tiu im F ca (P) ct
(P) ti hai im M, N.
i) Chng minh
M N
x x . khng i.
ii) Tnh MF, NF, MN theo m.
a) P y x
2
( ) : 4 = b) P y x
2
( ) : 2 = c) P y x
2
( ) : 16 = d) P y x
2
( ) : =
Bai 14.
a)

VN 4: Tp hp im
Dng 1: MF d M ( , ) A = Tp hp l (P) c tiu im F.
Dng 2: y px
2
2 = Tp hp l (P) c tiu im
p
F ; 0
2
| |
|
\ .
.

Bai 11. Tm tp hp cc tm M ca ng trn (C) di ng lun i qua im F v tip xc vi
ng thng A, vi:
a) F x (2; 0), : 2 0 A + = b) F x (3; 0), : 3 0 A + = c) F x (1; 0), : 1 0 A + =
Bai 12. Cho parabol (P). ng thng d quay quanh O ct (P) ti im th hai l A. Tm tp
hp ca:
i) Trung im M ca on OA ii) im N sao cho NA NO 2 0 + = .
a) y x
2
16 = b) y x
2
4 = c) y x
2
2 = d) y x
2
=
Bai 13.
a)


BI TP N CHNG III

Bai 25. Cho ba im A(2; 1), B(2; 2), M(x; y).
a) Tm h thc gia x v y sao cho tam gic AMB vung ti M.
b) Tm phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut ca ng trung trc on AB.
c) Tm phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua A v to vi AB mt gc
0
60 .
HD: a) x y y
2 2
3 2 0 + = b) x y 8 2 3 0 + =
c)
( ) ( )
x y 4 3 1 3 4 6 7 3 0 =
Bai 26. Cho ba ng thng d x y
1
: 3 4 12 0 + = , d x y
2
: 3 4 2 0 + = , d x y
3
: 2 1 0 + = .
a) Chng t rng d
1
v d
2
song song. Tnh khong cch gia d
1
v d
2
.
b) Tm phng trnh ng thng d song song v cch u d
1
v d
2
.
c) Tm im M trn d
3
cch d
1
mt on bng 1.
HD: a) 2 b) x y 3 4 7 0 + = c) M(3; 2) hoc M(1; 1)
Bai 27. Cho im A(2; 3) v hai ng thng
x m
d
y m
7 2
:
3
=
= +
,
x t
d
y t
5 4
:
7 3
= +
'

= +
.
a) Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng A i qua A v ct d, d' ti B, B' sao cho
AB = AB'.
b) Gi M l giao im ca d v d' . Tnh din tch ca tam gic MBB'.
HD: a)
x t
y t
2 6
:
3 2
A
= +
= +
b) S = 5
Bai 28. Cho ng thng d
m
: m x m y m ( 2) ( 1) 2 1 0 + + = .
a) Chng minh rng d
m
lun i qua mt im c nh A.
b) Tm m d
m
ct on BC vi B(2; 3), C(4; 0).
c) Tm phng trnh ng thng i qua A v to vi BC mt gc
0
45 .
d) Tm m ng thng d
m
tip xc vi ng trn tm O bn knh R = 5 .
HD: a) A(1; 3) b) m
8 3
7 2
s s c) x y x y 5 14 0, 5 8 0 + + = =
d) m m
4
3,
3
= =
Bai 29. Cho hai ng thng:
d x t y t t t : cos sin 3cos 2sin 0 + = v d x t y t t t : sin cos 4cos sin 0
'
+ + =
a) Chng minh rng d v d' ln lt i qua 2 im c nh A, A' v d d'.
b) Tm phng trnh tp hp giao im M ca d v d' . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
tp hp v t im B(5; 0).
HD: a) A(3; 2), A'(1; 4) b) (C): x y
2 2
( 1) ( 3) 5 + =
x y x y 2 11 10 0, 2 10 0 + = + =
Bai 30. Cho ba im M(6; 1), N(7; 3), P(3; 5) ln lt l trung im ca ba cnh BC, CA, AB
ca tam gic ABC.
a) Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
b) Tm phng trnh cc trung tuyn AM, BN, CP.
c) Tnh din tch ca tam gic ABC.
HD: a) A(4; 7), B(2; 3), C(10; 1)
b) x y y x y 3 19 0, 3, 6 7 53 0 + = = + = c) S = 20
Bai 31. Cho tam gic ABC c A(8; 0), B(0; 6), C(9; 3). Gi H l chn ng cao v t C
xung cnh AB.
a) Tm phng trnh cnh AB v ng cao CH.
b) Gi I, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca C trn Ox v Oy. Chng minh I, H, K thng hng.

Bai 32. Cho ba im A(0; 1), B(4; 1), C(4; 2). Vit phng trnh ng thng d khi bit:
a) d i qua A v khong cch t B n d bng hai ln khong cch t C n d.
b) d i qua C v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti E v F sao cho: OE OF 3 + = .
c) d i qua B, ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti M, N vi
M N
x y 0, 0 > > v sao cho:
i) OM + ON nh nht ii)
OM ON
2 2
1 1
+ nh nht.
HD: a) x y x y 1 0, 2 3 3 0 = = b) x y x y 2 6 0, 4 4 0 = + =
c) i) x y 2 6 0 + = ii) x y 4 17 0 + =
Bai 33. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC, bit:
a) nh B(2; 6), phng trnh mt ng cao v mt phn gic v t mt nh l:
x y x y 7 15 0, 7 5 0 + = + + =
b) nh A(3; 1), phng trnh mt phn gic v mt trung tuyn v t hai nh khc
nhau l: x y x y 4 10 0, 6 10 59 0 + = + = .
HD: a) x y x y x y 4 3 10 0, 7 20 0, 3 4 5 0 + = + = + =
b) x y x y x y 2 9 65 0, 6 7 25 0, 18 13 41 0 + = = + =
Bai 34. Cho hai im A(3; 4), B(1; 4) v ng thng d x y : 3 2 7 0 + = .
a) Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) qua A, B v c tm I e d.
b) Vit phng tip tuyn ca (C) k t im E
1
; 4
2
| |
|
\ .
. Tnh di ca tip tuyn v
tm to tip im.
c) Trn (C), ly im F c
F
x 8 = . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C') i xng vi (C)
qua ng thng AF.
HD: a) x y x y
2 2
6 2 15 0 + + =
b) y x y 4 0, 4 3 10 0 = + = , d =
5
2
, tip im (3; 4), (1; 2)
c) (C'): x y x y
2 2
16 8 55 0 + + =
Bai 35. Cho ng cong (C
m
): x y mx y m
2 2
4 2 0 + + + = .
a) Chng minh rng vi mi m, (C
m
) lun l ng trn v (C
m
) lun i qua 2 im c
nh A, B.
b) Tm m (C
m
) i qua gc to O. Gi (C) l ng trn ng vi gi tr m va tm
c. Vit phng trnh ng thng A song song vi ng thng d x y : 4 3 5 0 + = v
chn trn (C) mt dy cung c di bng 4.
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) c vect ch phng l a ( 2;1) = .
d) Tm m (C
m
) tip xc vi trc tung. Vit phng trnh ng trn ng vi m .
HD: a) A(1; 1), B(1; 3)
b) m = 2, (C): x y x y
2 2
2 4 0 + + = , x y x y
1 2
: 4 3 8 0, : 4 3 7 0 A A + = + + =
c) x y x y 2 8 0, 2 2 0 + = + + = d) m = 2, x y x y
2 2
2 4 4 0 + + =
Bai 36. Cho ng cong (C
t
): x y x t y t t
2 2
2 cos 2 sin cos2 0 + + = (0 < t < t).
a) Chng t (C
t
) l ng trn vi mi t.
b) Tm tp hp tm I ca (C
t
) khi t thay i.
c) Gi (C) l ng trn trong h (C
t
) c bn knh ln nht. Vit phng trnh ca (C).
d) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) to vi trc Ox mt gc
0
45 .
HD: b) x y
2 2
1 + = c) t C x y y
2 2
, ( ) : 2 1 0
2
t
= + =
d) x y x y x y x y 1 0, 1 0, 3 0, 3 0 = + + = + = + =

Bai 37. Cho hai ng thng d x y d x y
1 2
: 3 4 0, : 3 2 0 + = + + = .
a) Vit phng trnh hai ng trn (C
1
), (C
2
) qua gc to O v tip xc vi d
1
, d
2
.
Xc nh tm v bn knh ca 2 ng trn . Gi (C
1
) l ng trn c bn knh ln
hn.
b) Gi A v B l tip im ca (C
1
) vi d
1
v

d
2
. Tnh to ca A v B. Tnh gc AOB.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng A ct (C
1
) to ra 1 dy cung nhn im E(4; 2) lm
trung im.
d) Trn ng thng d x y
3
: 3 18 0 + = , tm nhng im m t v c 2 tip tuyn
ca (C
1
) vung gc vi nhau.
HD: a) C x y x y C x y x y
2 2 2 2
1 2
( ) : 6 2 0, ( ) : 5 5 2 6 0 + + = + + =
b) A(2; 2), B(0; 2), AOB
0
135 = c) A: x y 6 0 = d) (5; 3), (7; 3)
Bai 38. Cho ng trn (C) i qua im A(1; 1) v tip xc vi ng thng A: x 2 0 + = ti
im B c
B
y 2 = .
a) Vit phng trnh ng trn (C).
b) Mt ng thng d i qua M(4; 0) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k s giao im ca
d v (C).
HD: a) x y x y
2 2
2 4 4 0 + =
b) k
5
12
< : 2 im chung, k
5
12
= : 1 im chung, k
5
12
> : khng im chung
Bai 39. Cho 4 s thc a, b, c, d tho iu kin:
a b
c d
2 2
1
3
+ =
+ =
. Bng phng php hnh hc,

chng minh rng: ac c b
9 6 2
d d
4
+
+ + s .
HD: Xt ng trn (C): x y
2 2
1 + = v ng thng d x y : 3 + = . Gi M(a; b) e (C),
N(c; d) e d.Gi A, B l cc giao im ca (C) v d vi ng thng y = x .
A
2 2
;
2 2
| |
|
\ .
, B
3 3
;
2 2
| |
|
\ .
. Tnh MN ac cd bd
2
= 10 2( ) + + ,
( )
AB
2
2
3 2
2
= .
T MN > AB ta suy ra pcm.
Bai 40. Cho elip (E): x y
2 2
4 9 36 0 + = .
a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (E).
b) Tnh din tch hnh vung c cc nh l giao im ca (E) vi 2 ng phn gic cc
gc to .
HD: b) S =
144
13
.
2 2
16 25 400 0 + = .
a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (E).
b) Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca gc F MF
1 2
vi M
16
3;
3
| |
|
\ .
v F
1
, F
2
l
cc tiu im ca (E).
HD: b) x y x y
27
3 5 25 0, 5 3 0
5
= + =
2 2
4 20 0 + = v im A(0; 5).
a) Bin lun s giao im ca (E) vi ng thng d i qua A v c h s gc k.
b) Khi d ct (E) ti M, N, tm tp hp cc trung im I ca on MN.

HD: a)
k
k
1
4
1
4
<
>
: 2 giao im, k
1 1
4 4
< < : khng giao im, k
1
4
= : 1 giao im
b) x y
2 2
4 100 + =
Bai 43. Cho h ng cong (C
m
): x y mx m
2 2 2
2 2 1 0 + + = (*).
a) Tm cc gi tr ca m (C
m
) l ng trn.
b) Tm phng trnh tp hp (E) cc im M trong mt phng Oxy sao cho ng vi mi
im M ta c duy nht 1 ng trn thuc h (C
m
) i qua im M .
HD: a) 1 s m s 1 b) (E):
x
y
2
2
1
2
+ = (a PT (*) v PT vi n m. Tm iu kin
PT c nghim m duy nht).
x y
2 2
1
16 9
+ = .
a) Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca hypebol (H) c 2 nh l 2 tiu im ca (E) v 2 tiu
im l 2 nh ca (E).
b) Tm im M trn (H) sao cho 2 bn knh qua tiu im ca M vung gc vi nhau.
c) Chng minh tch cc khong cch t mt im N bt k trn (H) n hai ng tim
cn ca (H) bng mt hng s.
HD: a)
x y
2 2
1
7 9
= b) 4 im M
5 7 9
;
4 4
| |
|
\ .
c)
63
16
.
2 2
4 4 0 = .
a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (H).
b) Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(1; 4) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k s giao
im ca d v (H).
Bai 46. Cho cc im A A
1 2
( 2; 0), (2; 0) v im M(x; y). Gi M' l im i xng ca M
qua trc tung.
a) Tm to ca im M' theo x, y . Tm phng trnh tp hp (H) cc im M tho
MA M A
2 2
. 0
'
= . Chng t (H) l mt hypebol. Xc nh to cc tiu im v phng
trnh cc ng tim cn ca (H).
b) Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) c 2 nh trn trc ln ca (E) trng vi 2 nh ca (H)
v (E) i qua im B
2 2 2
;
3 3
| |
|
\ .
.
c) Tm to giao im ca (H) vi 2 ng chun ca (E).
HD: a) x y
2 2
4 = b) (E): x y
2 2
4 4 + = c) 4 im
4 3 2 3
;
3 3
| |
|
\ .

2 2
4 5 20 0 = .
a) Tm tiu im, tm sai, tim cn ca (H).
b) Gi (C) l ng trn c tm trng vi tiu im F
1
(c honh m) ca (H) v bn
knh R bng di trc thc ca (H). M l tm ng trn i qua tiu im F
2
v tip xc
ngoi vi (C). Chng minh rng M trn (H).
HD: b) (C): x y
2 2
( 3) 20 + + = . Kim chng MF MF a
1 2
2 5 2 = = M e (H).


x
y
2
2
1
3
= .
a) Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) c cng tiu im vi (H) v i qua im P
5
2;
3
| |
|
\ .
.
b) ng thng d i qua nh A
2
ca (E) (c honh dng) v song song vi ng
thng A: x y 2 3 12 0 + = . Vit phng trnh ca d. Tm to giao im B (khc A
2
) ca
d vi (E). Xc nh im C e (E) sao cho tam gic A
2
BC c din tch ln nht.
HD: a)
x y
2 2
1
9 5
+ = b) d: x y 2 3 6 0 = , B
1 20
;
3 9
| |

|
\ .
, C
5
2;
3
| |
|
\ .

x y
a b
2 2
2 2
1 = . Gi F
1
, F
2
l 2 tiu im v A
1
, A
2
l 2 nh ca (H).
Trn (H), ly im M tu , k MP Ox. Chng minh:
a) MF MF OM b
2 2 2
1 2
( ) 4( ) + = + b)
PM b
A P A P a
2 2
2
1 2
.
= .
HD: a) Vit MF MF MF MF MF MF
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) 4 . + = + .
b) Tnh PM A P A P
2
1 2
, . theo to im M.
Bai 50. Cho parabol (P): y x
2
4 = .
a) Tm to tiu im F v phng trnh ng chun A ca (P).
b) Tm im M trn (P) m khong cch t M n F bng 5.
HD: b) N(4; 4); N(4; 4)
Bai 51. Cho parabol (P): y x
2
2 = c tiu im F v im
t
M t
2
;
2
| |
|
\ .
(vi t = 0).
a) Chng t rng M nm trn (P).
b) ng thng FM ct (P) ti N (khc M). Tm to trung im I ca on MN theo t.
c) Tm tp hp (P') cc im I khi t thay i.
HD: b)
t t
I
t
t
4 2
2
1 1
;
2
4
| |
+
|
|
\ .
c) (P'): y x
2
1
2
=
Bai 52. Cho parabol (P): y px
2
2 = (p > 0). Mt ng thng d i qua tiu im F ct (P) ti
M v N. Gi t l gc ca trc Ox v FM.
a) Chng minh rng khi d di ng quay quanh F th tng
FM FN
1 1
+ khng i.
b) Tm gi tr nh nht ca tch FM.FN. Suy ra v tr ca d.
HD: a)
p p
FM FN
t t
,
1 cos 1 cos
= =
+

FM FN p
1 1 2
+ =
b) p dng BT Csi:
FM FN
1 1
+ >
FM FN
1 1
2 .

p FM FN
2 1
2
.
> FM FN p
2
. >
Du "=" xy ra
FM FN
1 1
= t cos 0 = t
2
t
= d Ox.


Phuong Phap Toa Do Trong MP (HH10)

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Phuong Phap Toa Do Trong MP (HH10)

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