Scottish varieties of English

Belfast (Northern Ireland)

Five million speakers - Many accents similar to Scots Descended from Anglic Scots Scottish English - No h-dropping (houses, hands) Rhotic (burst, dinner hall) - Rhotic (rivers) /r/ is realised with a strong tap - Dental /t/ before /r/ (country) h-pronouncing - Broader I (kind, life, driving) wh- is voiceless (what) - Intonation is predominately rising ch /x/ Glottal replacement of final/medial /p t k/ (eat this, started) Welsh Dark l from Scots (looked, trolley) - South Wales h-dropping Wood / took // food / moved not contrasted - Non-rhotic /a/ /o/ are not diphthongs (dayroom, chased, going) - Goose, blue, mood /u:/ /a/ is retracted (sat, absolutely) - Juice, blew, nude, include, used /iu/ Cot / caught not contrasted - Flat /a/ bath but S. Wales /a/ /i/ is very open (think, big, stick, dinner) - Lilting intonation Broader varieties: good [gId] home [hem] - Frequent lengthening of intervocalic consonants (lot of, posher)

Irish
Dublin Large influence from Irish (Gaelic) No h-dropping Wh- inconsistent (white) Rhotic pronunciation (Dublin the exception) (her house, dark BUT there, ever, never) Non-final r = tap (Gerry) Th > t, d (Th-stopping) (think, third, fourth, the, that) [da] Schwa insertion (arm, film) /a/ replaces /I/ (family) /u/ replaced by /u:/ (funny) Canadian - h pronounced - r pronounced (rhotic) - t voicing t > d - yod(j) -dropping