SECC Enumerator Manual

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fzf;nfLg;G gzp KbTw;w gpd;dh;

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Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l midj;J tptuq;fSk; gapw;rpapd; nghOJ tphpthf cq;fSf;F tpsf;fg;gLk;. vdNt gapw;rpapd;nghOJ kpFe;j ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;baJ mtrpakhdjhFk;. ve;j fUj;jhtJ Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F fbdkhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ re;Njfk; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; cq;fsJ gapw;rpahshplk; gapw;rpapd;nghONj mjid Nfl;L njsptile;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xUNtis fsg;gzpapd;nghOJ cq; f Sf; F re; ; N jfk; VJk; Vw; g bd; cldbahf mq; f pUe; J cq; f sJ Nkw;ghh;itahsiuNah my;yJ nghWg;G mYtyiuNah ifNgrpapd; %yk; njhlh;G nfhs;sTk;. vdNt mth;fsJ ifNgrp vz;fis gapw;rpapd;NghJ jtwhJ ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpakhd ,e;j gzpapid nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhyf;nfLTf;Fs; Neh;ikahd KiwapYk>; ftdj;JlDk;> juj;JlDk; nra;J Kbg;ghfs; P; vd ek;GfpNwhk;. cq;fsJ gzp rpwf;f vq;fsJ tho;j;Jf;fs;!!
mj;jpahak; - 2
; tPlLg;gl;bay;; RUf;fj;ij Nfhl;Lg;glj;ij me;ehs; tiu fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; nrd;r]; me;ehs; tiu rhpghh;jjy; / ; rhpghh;jjy; / jahhpj;jy; / ; ; tPLfSf;F ,yf;fkpLjy;
cq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;fhd tPl;Lg;gl;baypd; RUf;fKk; Nfhl;Lg;glKk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;wpidg; gw;wpAk; ,ij vt;thW me;ehs; tiu rhpnra;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; njhpJ nfhs;syhk;.
fzf;nfLg;gpw;fhd fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; / rg;-fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; :

fzf;nfLg;G nra;tjw;F mbg;gilahf miktJ> fzf;nfLg;gpw;fhd fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vd;gjhFk;. ,J 650 Kjy; 700 kf;fs; njhif nfhz;l 100 Kjy; 125 FLk;gq;fis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. 2011y; elj;jp Kbf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpy; ; gphpf;fg;gl;l fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffspd; mbg;gilapNyNa> ,e;j r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjp fzf;nfLg;Gk; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. cq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; tptuq;fs;> cq;fsJ gzp epakd fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; tptuq;fs; gw;wp njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. jtph;f;f Kbahj rkaq;fspy; Gjpjhf xU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; gphpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;why; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mwpTiufis gpd;gw;wTk;.
miktpl tptuq;fs; : xt;nthU khepyk; / khtl;lk; / tl;lk; / efuk; ,tw;wpw;nfd

jdpj;Jtkhd FwpaPl;L vz;fs; cs;sd. cq;fsJ gFjpf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s FwpaPl;L vz;; cq;fsJ epakdf; fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,f;FwpaPlL vz;fis ; njspthf njhpe;Jnfhs;tJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. NkYk; cq;fsJ fzpdp ,af;FgtUk; jdJ rpwpa iffzpdpapy; rhpahd fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; tptuq;fis ngw;Ws;shuh vd;gjidAk;> xt;nthU tPl;bd; fzf;nfLg;gpid Jtf;Ftjw;F Kd;dh;> mth;> mf;FLk;gj;jpd; rhpahd thpir vz;iz gjpT nra;Js;shuh vd;gijAk; cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
; tPlLg;gl;bay; RUf;fk; (AHL): cq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G

gpshf;fpy;> 2011k; Mz;L kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ fhzg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; gl;bay; kw;Wk; FLk;g jiythpd; ngah; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s> tPl;Lg;gl;baypd; RUf;fk; (AHL) cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> tPlLg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;ij fsMa;tpy; me;ehs;tiu ; rhpghh;gJ cq;fsJ gzpfspy; xd;W. ,Ug;gpDk; kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;ghdJ rkP g j; j py; j hd; Kbf; f g; g l; L s; s fhuzj; j hy; fsj; j py; fhzg; g Lk; Nkw; f z; l tptuq;fSf;Fk;> nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;Lg;gl;baypd; RUf;fj;jpw;Fk; mjpf mstpyhd NtWghL ,Ug;gjw;F tha;g;gpy;iy. Mdhy;> mjpf mstpyhd NtWghL fhzg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mjid cq;fsJ Nkw;ghh;itahsUf;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwhd rkaj;jpy; cq;fsJ Nkw;ghh;itahsh; me;j fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpid mtuhfNt Nehpilahf Ma;T nra;J mt;NtWghLfs; cz;ikahditjhdh vd;gjid> cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tPlLg;gl;baypd; RUf;fj;jpid ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ rhpghh;fFk; ; ; KiwahdJ> ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy; mLj;JtUk; gFjpfspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; khjphp efYk; ,izg;G-VI-y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tPLfSf;F ,yf;fkspj;jy;: kf;fs;; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ midj;J

fl;llq;fs;> nrd;r]; tPLfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fSf;F vz;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cq;fsJ tPl;L gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fl;ll kw;Wk; nrd;r]; tPLfSf;fhd vz;fs; jw;nghOJ me;j fl;llq;fs;/nrd;r]; tPLfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gjid rhpghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. xUNtis me;j vz;fs; fsj;jpy; fhzg;gltpy;iynadpy; tPl;Lg; gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; cs;s vz;fis jpUk;g gjpa Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s rhf;g]; / vOJfyid(Marker) gad;gLj;jTk;. cq;fsJ P fsg;gzpapd; nghOJ> tPlLg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; fhzg;glhj Gjpa tPLfs;> fl;llq;fs; ; ; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs; fhzg;glyhk;. mg;gbahd Gjpa tPLfs;/fl;llq;fs;/FLk;gq;fSf;F cq;fshy; Gjpa vz;fs; ,lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;> ePq;fs; ,Lk; Gjpa vz;fspd; tptuk; tPl;Lg; gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; gjpag;;gl Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa vz;fs; toq;Fk; Kiw gw;wpAk;> tPl;Lg;gl;baypid me;ehs; tiu rhpnra;jy; gw;wpAk; ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (,izg;G-VI fhz;f)
Nfhl;Lg;glk;(Layout Map) : Nfhl;Lg;glk; ifahy; tiuag;gLk; xU glk; MFk;.

ve;j xU tpfpj mstpYk; jahhpf;fg;gLk; glk; my;y. ,J fl;llk; kw;Wk; tPlL ; vz;fis cs;slf;fpa xU glkhFk;. ,g;glj;jpy; FLk;gq;fs; trpf;Fk; fl;llq;fs; kl;LNk my;yhky; ,ju fl;llq;fs;> jpwe;jntspfs; kw;Wk; ntw;wplq;fSk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpid jahhpg;gjd; Nehf;fk; cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l gFjp KOtJk; fzf;nfLg;gpy; Nrh;ffg;gl;Ltpl;ljh vd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhfNtahFk;. jw;nghOJ ; cq;fsplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfhl;Lg;glk; cq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;F chpaJjhdh vd;gjid gapw;rp Kbtile;J nry;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt cWjp ; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpy fhuzj;jhy; cq;fSf;F xJf;fL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s P fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ff;fhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iynadpy; (Gjpjhf fzf;nfLg;G ; gpshf; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy;) Gjpa Nfhl;Lg;glk; cq;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpid me;ehs; tiu rhpnra;jy; kw;Wk; Gjpjhf jahh; nra;tjw;fhd topKiw Mfpait ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cq;fsplk; toq;fg;gl;l Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; ,lk;ngwhj midj;J Gjpa tPLfs;/fl;llq;fs;/ FLk;gq;fis Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid Kf;fpakhf> ,j;jUzj;jpy; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (,izg;G- I fhz;f) -VI
fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs;:
1. fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vd;gJ fzf;nfLg;gpid elj;Jtjw;F mbg;gil myfhf mikfpwJ. xU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyfis tiuaiw nra;J me;j fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; ve;j xU gFjpAk; tpLglhkYk;> ,ul;bg;ghfhkYk;> fzf;nfLg;G gzp Nkw;nfhs;Sk;; fzf;nfLg;ghsh;fSf;fpilNa> gzpapd; msT $Lkhdtiu rkkhf ,Ug;gij cWjp nra;tjw;Fk; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; mtrpakhfpwJ. 2011-Mk; Mz;bd; kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;ghdJ ,uz;L fl;lq;;fshf elj;jg;gl;lJ. KjyhtJ fl;lkhf 2010Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu tPlLg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; tPLfs; fzf;nfLf;Fk; gzpAk;> ,uz;lhtJ fl;lkhf ;
2.
2011Mk;; Mz;L gpg;;uthp khjj;jpy; kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G gzpAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Nkw;fz;l Kjy; fl;lg;gzpapy; xt;nthU eph;thf tuk;gpw;Fl;gl;l gFjpAk; tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fs; vd;w Kiwapy; ; ; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; xt;nthU tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;FfspYk;> ; Njrpa kf;fs;njhif gjpNtl;bd; (NPR) ml;ltizapid tPLtPlhfr; nrd;W ; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 3. ,uz;lhtJ fl;lkhd kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Jiz-fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ld. mitNa jw;NghJ cq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; MFk;. tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;vz; ehd;F ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. Mdhy; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; kw;Wk; Jiz-fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; Ie;J ,yf; f q; f isf; nfhz; l jhFk; . $Ljyhf gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l Ie; j htJ ,yf;fkhdJ Jiz fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;F chpajhFk;. xU tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; Jizfzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; VJk; ,y;iy vd;why; tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vz;Zk; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vz;Zk; ; xd;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;;.
4.
cjhuzk;: fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz;: 5. 6. 0 0 2 5 1
xU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; / Jiz fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; 650 Kjy; 700 kf;fs; njhif nfhz;l my;yJ 100 Kjy; 125 FLk;gq;fis cs;slf;fpajhFk;;. xUNtis kf;fs; n;jhif fzf;nfLg;gpy; tpLgl;Ls;s rpy gFjpfs; ,Uf;FNkahdhy;> mJ nghWg;G mYtyuhy; fz;lwpag;;gl;L mJ xU GJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fhfNth my;yJ Jizfzf;nfLg;G gpshf;FfshfNth tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;L mjw;fhd fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; (Jiz fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; ,ize;Njh my;yJ jdpj;Njh) toq;fg;gl;L mjDila vy;iyfs; mtuhy; eph; z ak; nra; a g; g Lk; . vg; g bahf ,Ue; j hYk; > cq; f Sf; F toq; f g; g l; b Uf; F k; fzf; n fLg; G gpshf; f pid ed; F Ma; e ; J mwpe; J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. vdNt fzf;nfLg;G gw;wpa ve;jtpjkhd re;Njfj;;jpidAk; cq;fsJ Nkw;ghh;itahsh; kw;Wk; nghWg;G mYtyhplk; Nfl;L njspT ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Kjyhtjhf Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpd; cjtpAlDk;> tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kf;fpa milahsq;fs;> tPLfs;> fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; FLk;g tptuq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; cq;fSf;F xJf;fL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G P gpshf;fpid Rw;wp ghh;j;J mjDila vy;iyfis mwpaTk;. mjd;gpd;G Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; (1 vd;W vz;zplg;gl;l) Muk;g ,lj;jpid fz;lwpe;J me;j ,lj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpj;J Kiwahf midj;J kf;fisAk; tpLjypd;wpAk;> ,ul;bg;G MfhkYk; fzf;nfLg;G nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs;;njhif
7.
fzf;nfLg;G nra;ag;gl;l topapid (thpirf;fpukk;) Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; fhl; l g; g l; L s; s mk; G f; Fwpapd; %yk; mwpayhk; . me; j topapidNa ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpw;Fk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW filgpbf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; cq;fsJ gzp vspikahtNjhL Kiwahf cq;fsJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; midj;J gFjpfspYk; fzf;nfLf;f ,aYk;.
; tPlLg;gl;bay; RUf;fk;
cq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j tPlLggl;baypd; RUf;fj;jpy; gy gphpTfs; cs;sd. ; ; ; ,jd; ml;ilg;gf;fj;jpy; cq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; miktpl tptuq;fis gphpT-1 y; fhzyhk;. miktpl tptuq;fs; gpd;tUkhW. khepyj;jpd; ngah; kw;Wk; FwpaPl;L vz; khtl;lj;jpd; ngah; kw;Wk; FwpaPl;L vz; tl;lj;jpd; ngah; kw;Wk; FwpaPl;L vz; efuj;jpd; ngah; kw;Wk; FwpaPl;L vz; thh;L vz; kw;Wk; FwpaPl;L vz;
fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; kw;Wk; Jizfzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz;

Nkw;fz;l tptuq;fNshL cq;fsJ gzpepakd fbjj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fis xg;gpl;L ghh;j;J rhpahd tPl;Lg;gl;baypd; RUf;fk; cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij cWjp nra;Jnfhs;sTk;. mj;Jld; cq;fsJ if fzpdp ,af;Fgthplk; cs;s if fzpdpapy; cq;fSf;F xJf;fL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G P gpshf;Ff;fhd Njrpa kf;fs; njhif gjpNtl;bd; (NPR) gf;fq;fspd; Gifg;gl efy; (Image) cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sij cWjp nra;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpT-2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. thpir vz; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; fl;ll vz; nrd;r]; tPl;L vz; nrd;r]; tPL vt;thW gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ FLk;g vz; FLk;gj;jiythpd; ngah; FLk;gj;jpd; njhlh; vz; ghh;itapl;l / kPz;Lk; ghh;itapl;;l Njjp Fwpg;Giu
kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd; Kjy; fl;l gzpapd;;NghJ fz;lwpag;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; tptuq;fs;> FLk;gj;jiythpd; ngaUld; ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Lssd. ; ; ,f;FLk;g tptuq;fis Gifg;gl efy;; (scanned images) iffzpdpapy; cs;sL nra;J P itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;fz;l tptuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fzf;nfLg;G eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gj;ij re;jpf;Fk;nghOJ tPl;Lg;gl;baypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s mNj FLk;gk;jhdh vd;gjid mf;FLk;g jiythpd; ngahpid Nfl;L xg;gpl;L ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
xg;gpl;Lg;ghh;j;jjpy; mNj FLk;gk;jhd; vd njhpatUk; gl;rj;jpy;> cq;fsJ if fzpdp ,af;Fgthplk; me;j FL;k;gj;jpw;fhd njhlh; vz;iz (gFjp-2 d; fyk; 8 d;; gbahd) if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;af; NfhuTk;. cldbahf me;j FLk;gj;jpw;fhd FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; tptuq;fs; mlq;fpa Gifg;gl efy; (Image) if-fzpdp; jpiuapy; Njhd;Wk;. ,g;NghJ mjd; mbg;gilapy; mf;FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; jw;nghOJk; mq;F trpg;gij xt;nthUtuhf cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;fz;l nray;ghl;by; ehd;F tifahd ;epiyfs; voyhk;> mit gpd;tUkhW: (1) mNj egh; njhlh;e;J me;j FLk;gj;Jld; trpf;fpwhh;;> mt;thwhdhy; if fzpdpapd; jpiuapy; rhpahd FwpaPL; vz;iz(1) Njh;T nra;J Gifg;gl efypy; (Image) cs;sthW me;eghpd; ngah;> ghy;ghFghL> gpwe;j Njjp Kjypa tptuq;fis if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;aNtz;Lk;. (2) FLk;g cWg;gpdh; me;j FLk;gj;jpdNuhL trpf;fhky;> Fbngah;e;J Mdhy; mNj fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; NtW xU ,lj;jpy; trpf;fpwhh;. ,j #o;epiyy; if fzpdp ,af;Fgtiu rhpahd FwpaPl;L vz; (2)-I Njh;T nra;a mwpTWj;jp mLj;j egh; gw;wpa Fwpg;GfSf;F nrd;WtplNtz;Lk;. ,ijg;NghyNt kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ mNj FLk;g cWg;gpduhf gjpTnra;ag;gl;l Ntiyf;fhuh;fs;> gzk; nrY jq;Fk; tpUe;jpdh; (Paying Guest) tPlNlhL gzpnra;gth;fs; Kjypath;fs; ; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; jdpf;FLk;gkhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk.; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; mth;fis nfhz;Lte;J vt;thW fzf;nfLg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy; jdpahf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (3) FLk;g cWg;gpdh;> FLk;gj;jpdNuhL trpf;fhky; Fbngah;e;J fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ff;F ntspapy; nrd;Ws;shh;> ,e;epfo;tpy; FwpaPl;L vz; (3)I Njh;T nra;a mwpTWj;jp mLj;j egh; gw;wpa Fwpg;GfSf;F nrd;Wtpl Ntz;Lk;. (4) FLk;g cWg;gpdh; ,we;Jtpl;lhh;> ,e;epfo;tpy; FwpaPl;L vz; (4)I Njh;T nra;J mLj;j egh; gw;wpa Fwpg;GfSf;F nrd;Wtpl Ntz;Lk;. jpiuapy; Njhd;wpa midj;J cWg;gpdh;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fis Nfl;lwpe;j gpd;dh; Gjpa FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; vtNuDk; Nrh;jJf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba mtrpak; cs;sjh ; vd gjpy; mspg;gthplk; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; Gjpa cWg;gpdh;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fis xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;a fzpdp ,af;FgtUf;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,k;Kiwapy; midj;J FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSk; Nrh;ffg;gl;Ltpl;lduh? vd;gij gjpy; mspg;gthplk; cWjp nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fk; rhpghh;jypd;NghJ Fwpg;Giuf; fyj;jpy; gjpaNtz;bad: Nkw;fz;lthW if fzpdpapy; tptuq;fis cs;sPL nra;tNjhL tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; Fwpg;Giu fyk;-10 y; me;je;j FLk;gj;jpw;fhd thpirapy; FLk;g epiyapid gjpa cWg;gpdh;fspd; epiyapid fPo;fz;l Kiwg;gb gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
10
FwpaPl;L vz; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
epiy njhlh;e;J trpf;fpwhh; Fbngah;e;J mNj fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; trpf;fpwhh; Fbngah;e;J fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;;F ntspNa nrd;Wtpl;lhh; ,we;Jtpl;lhh; Gjpa cWg;gpdh; Nrh;e;Js;shh; tPL G+l;bAs;sJ gjpy; mspf;f kWj;Jtpl;lhh;
cjhuzk;;:- Njrpa kf;fs;njhif gjpNtl;bd;;gb 5 cWg;gpdh;fs; FLk;gj;jpy; trpj;Js;shh;fs;. mth;fspy; 3 egh;fs; njhlh;e;J mf;FLk;gj;jpy; trpf;fpd;wdh;. ,Uth; mf;FLk;gj;jpypUe;J Fbngah;;e;J mNj fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; NtW xU ,lj;jpy; trpf;fpd;wdh;. Gjpjhf xU cWg;gpdh; Nrh;e;Js;shh;. ,e;epiyapid Fwpg;Giu fyj;jpy; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. fyk; -10 Fwpg;Giu FwpaPl;L vz; egh;fs; 1 3 2 2 5 1
tPlL gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpT -3 ;

,g;gphptpYk; gphpT-2 y; cs;sJ Nghd;W 1 Kjy; 10 fyq;fs; cs;sd. ,g;gphptpy; Kjy;fl;l fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ (tPLfs; fzf;nfLg;G) fhzg;glhkYk>; ,uz;lhtJ fl;l kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ kl;Lk; fhzg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; gl;bay; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd FLk;gq;fSf;fhd tptuk; if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL . nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjw;F tha;g;gpy;iy. vdNt fyk; 8-y; fz;Ls;s FLk;gj;jpd; njhlh; vz;iz fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;J mf;FLk;g tptuq;fis Vw;fdNt gjpT nra;j tifapy; (gphpT-2 y; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; tptuq;fs;; gjpT nra;jijg; Nghd;W) if fzpdpapy; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,r;rkaj;jpYk; Fwpg;Giu (fyk;10)apy; Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;lJ Nghy; gjpag;glNtz;Lk;. ,ijg;Nghd;Nw kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpy; fhzg;glhky; ,Ue;J jw;Nghija fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ mwpatUk; Gjpa FLk;gq;fisAk; tPlLg;gl;bay; ; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpT-3 y; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjidj; njhlh;e;J if fzpdpapy; Gjpa FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; tptuq;fis gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW Gjpa FLk;gq;fis fzf;nfLg;gpw;Fs; nfhz;L tUk; tif fPNo tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjp fzf;nfLg;gpy; Gjpa FLk;gq;fis fzf;fL nra;jy;: P

jq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;L gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpT-3y; Vw;fdNt gl;bapyplg;gl;Ls;s tPLfs;/fl;llq;fs;/FLk;gq;fspd; Kbtpy; xU rptg;G epw NfhblTk;. Gjpa FLk;gq;fspd; / nrd;r]; tPLfspd; tptuq;fs; ,f;Nfhl;bw;F fPofz;Ls;s fyq;fspy; ; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW gjpT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
11
Kjyhtjhf gjpag;gLk; Gjpa FL;k;gj;jpw;F tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; gjpag;gl;Ls;s mjpfgl;rkhd vz;zpw;F mLj;j njhlh;vz;iz nfhLf;fTk;. cjhuzkhf tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; gjpag;gl;l filrp vz;.75 vd;W ,Uf;Fkhdhy; Kjyhtjhf gjpag;gLk; Gjpa FLk;gj;jpd; FLk;gj; njhlh; vz;.76 vd gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
KjyhtJ Gjpa FLk;gj;jpw;fhd tptuq;fs;

fyk;-2 fyk;-3 fyk;-4 fyk;-5 fyk;-6 fyk;-7 fyk;-8 ,g;gphptpw;F nghUe;jhJ fl;ll vz; nrd;r]; tPl;L vz; nrd;r]; tPl;bd; gad;ghL ,g;gphptpw;F nghUe;jhJ FLk;gj; jiythpd; ngah; FLk;gj;jpd; njhlh; vz; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J if fzpdpapypUe;J ngwg;gLk;. ,e;j vz;iz if-fzpdpapy; ,Ue;J vLj;J gjpa Ntz;Lk; cWg;gpdh;fspd; epiyf;F jFe;j FwpaPl;L vz;fSld; Vw;fdNt tpsf;fg;gl;l tifapy; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;
fyk;-10
; tPlL gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpT 4

,uz;lhk; fl;l kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ fz;lwpag;gl;l tPlw;w FLk;gq;fspd; tptuq;fs; ,g;gphptpy; gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,f;FLk;gq;fs; jw;Nghija fzf;nfLg;gpd;nghOJk; fhzg;glyhk; my;yJ fhzg;glhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j egh;fSf;fhd tptuq;fs; if fzpdpapy; fhzg;glhJ. xUNtis jw;Nghija fzf;nfLg;gpd;;nghOJ mNj FLk;gk; fhzg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; fyk;-6y; fz;Ls;s FLk;g njhlh; vz;iz if fzpdpapy;; cs;sPL nra;J ,ju FLk;g tptuq;fis Kiwahf gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkaj;jpy; tPlLg; gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; fyk; -7 (Fwpg;Giu)y; ; Vw;fdNt nrhy;yg;gl;lJ Nghd;W tptuq;fs; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,izg;G VIy; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpy; me;ehs;tiu rhpnra;tjw;fhd tpsf;fj;ijg; ghh;f;fTk;.
r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjp fzf;nfLg;gpy; FLk;gq;fis fzf;fL nra;jy; P
Gjpa tPlw;w
nfhLf; f g; g l; L s; s tP l ; L g; g l; b ay; RUf; f j; j pd; gFjp-4 y; Vw; f dNt gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;s tPlw;w FLk;gq;fspd; Kbtpy; xU rptg;G NfhblTk;. Gjpa tPlw;w FLk;gq;fspd; tptuq;fs; ,f;Nfhl;bw;F fPo; fyq;fspy; fPNo tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW gjpag;glNtz;Lk;.
12
fyk;-2 fyk;-3 fyk;-4 fyk;-5
tPlw;w FLk;gk;; jq;fpAs;s ,lj;jpd; tptuk; FLk;gj;jiythpd; ngah; FLk;gj;jpYs;s Njhuhakhd egh;fspd; vz;zpf;if tPlw;w FLk;gkhdJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; / rg;-gpshf;fpy;, mjid fzf; n fLg; G nra; t jw; f hf eph; z apf; f g; g l; l ehl; f spy; fz;lwpag;gl;ljh vd;gij Fwpg;gplTk;. nghJthf> fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; / rg;-gpshf;fpd; fsg;gzpapd; filrp rpy ehl;fspy;> tPlw;w FLk;gq;fspy; fzf;nfLg;G eilngWk; FLk;g njhlh; vz; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J ifapUg;G fUtpapy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk; Vw;fdNt tpsf;fg;gl;l tifapy; Fwpg;Giuapy; tptuq;fis gjpa Ntz;Lk.
fyk;-6 fyk;-7
Nkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> tPlLg;gl;baypd; RUf;fj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd ; ; xU gphptpy; tptuq;fisg; gjpT nra;Jk;> if fzpdpapy; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; tptuq;fis cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;lijj; njhlh;e;Jk>; jw;nghOJ fzf;nfLg;G ml;ltizapd;gbahd Nfs;tpfis gjpy; mspg;gthplk; Nfl;gjw;Fj; jahuha; cs;shfs; P; vd;;gjid epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpdhf;fis mwpKfk; nra;J gjpy; NfhUjy; midj;J FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fsJ mbg;gil tptuq;fs; (ngah;;> ghypdk;> gpwe;j Njjp) if fzpdpapy; gjpag;gl;lJ cWjp nra;ag;gl;l gpd;G cWg;gpdh; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ; tpdhf;fis> mNj thpirf;fpukj;jpy; xt;nthU cWg;gpdh; thhpahf Nfl;fg;gl;L mjw;fhd gjpy; if fzpdpapy;; gjpT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;J FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; rk;ge;jkhd gjpy;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l gpd;G xl;Lnkhj;j FLk;gj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl;L gjpy;fs; if fzpdpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. fzf;nfLg;G ml;ltizapd;gbahf Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;ba Nfs;tpfSk; mtw;wpw;fhd tpsf;fq;fSk; mj;jpahak;-4y; njspthff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. midj;J tptuq;fSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l gpd;G> if fzpdpapy; Njhd;Wk; njhFg;G tptuq;fis gjpy; mspj;jthplk; fhz;gpj;J mt;tptuq;fis cWjp nra;j gpd;G xg;Gif rPl;bid gjpa chpa xg;gk; ngwTk;. xUNtis gjpy; mspj;jth; fy;tpawpT ,y;yhjtuhfNth my;yJ if fzpdpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tptuq;fis ghh;f;f ,ayhjtuhfNth ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mt;tptuq;fis gbj;J fhz;gpj;J cWjp nra;j gpd;Ng> xg;Gifr;rPl;by; ifnahg;gk; my;yJ ngUtpuy; Nuif ngwNtz;Lk;.
13
xg;Gif rPl;L cq;fsplk; NghJkhd vz;zpf;ifapyhd xg;Gif rPl;Lfs; mlq;fpa rpW Gj;jf fl;Lfs; ,Ug;gjid cWjpnra;aTk;. xt;nthU fl;bYk; me;j fl;bd; vz;Zk; xg;Gif rPl;by; rPl;L vz;Zk; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sJ. . xg;Gif rPl;L Gj;jf; fl;Lfspd; ml;ilg; gf;fj;jpy; chpa tptuq;fis ftdkhf epug;gTk;. xUNtis gjpyspg;gth; fy;tpawpT ,y;yhjtuhf ,Ue;jhy;> if fzpdpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tptuq;fis gbj;J fhz;gpj;J> cWjp nra;jgpd;> fzf;nfLg;ghsh; xg;Gifr;rPl;by; ifnahg;gkpl;L gpd;dh;. xg;Gifr;rPl;bd; gjpyspg;gthpd; gpujpia xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; toq;fNtz;Lk;. ngw;Wf;nfhz;ljw;F gjpyspg;ghpd; ifnahg;gk; /ifNuif> fzf;nfLg;ghshpd; gpujpapy; ngwg;glNtz;Lk;.
xg;Gif rPl;by; fzf;nfLg;ghsuhYk; iffzpdp ,af;FgtuhYk; ifnahg;gkpl;L toq;Fk; cWjpnkhopfs;;: 1. gjpyspg;gtuhy; mspf;fg;gl;l midj;J tptuq;fSk; rhpahf if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd ehq;fs; cWjpaspf;fpNwhk;. gjpT nra;ag;gl;l midj;J tptuq;fSk; gjpyspg;gthplk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;L/thrpf;fg;gl;L me;j tptuq;fs; mtuhy; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. jdpegh;/FLk;gk; rk;ge;jkhd kjk;> rhjp/goq;Fb gw;wpa tptuq;fs; ,ufrpakhf itf;fg;gLk;. mt;tptuq;fs; ntspaplg;glkhl;lJ. rhjp /goq;Fb gw;wpa tptuq;fs; gjpyspj;jtuhy; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ> Mdhy; mJNt rhjp/goq;Fb gw;wpa rhd;wpjo; ngWtjw;F ve;j chpikiaAk; toq;fhJ.
2. 3.
gjpy; mspg;gtuhy; xg;Gif rPl;by; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;L toq;fg;gLk; cWjpnkhopfs;: 1. 2. vd;Dila mwptpw;Fk; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; vl;ba mstpy; ehd; fzf;nfLg;ghshplk; toq;fpa midj;J tptuq;fSk; cz;ikahditNa. gjpT nra; a g; g l; l tptuq; f is ehd; ghh; i tapl; N ld; /tptuq; f s; vdf; F thrpj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;lJ vdTk; mt;tptuq;fs; rhpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk; cWjpaspf;fpNwd;. kjk; kw;Wk; rhjp/goq;Fb Kjypait Fwpj;J vd;dhy; toq;fg;gl;l tptuq;fs; mtw;wpw;fhd rhd;wpjo; ngWtjw;fhd> vt;tpj chpikiaAk; vdf;F toq;fhJ vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhz;Nld;. kjk;>rhjp / goq;Fb tptuq;fs; jtpu ,ju jdpegh;/FLk;gk; rk;ge;jkhd tptuq;fs; midj;Jk; midtUk; mwpAk; tz;zk; ntspaplg;gLk; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;.
3.
14
mjw;fhd vdJ rk;kjj;jpid toq;Ffpd;Nwd;/vdJ rk;kjj;jpid toq;ftpy;iy. (nghUj; j kpy; y hjitia mbj; J tplTk; ) *NkYk; vd; FLk; g k; njhlh; g hd NkYk; tptuq;fis ntspapLtjw;F rk;kjk; mspf;fhjjhy;> gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspd; fPo> murhy; toq;fg;gLk; eyj;jpl;l cjtpfisg; ngWtjw;F vd;id ghprPyidf;F ; vLj; J f; n fhs; s g; g lkhl; l hJ vd; g jid ehd; mwpNtd; (nghUe; j hjij mbj;JtplTk;). Nkw;fz;l tptuq;fis gjpyspg;gthplkpUe;J xg;Gif rPlby; ifnahg;gk; ngWtjw;F ; Kd;dh; jtwhky; gbj;J fhl;b mjd; tptuq;fis tpsf;fpl Ntz;Lk;. xg;Gifr; rPlbd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; FLk;gj;jpYs;s midj;J cWg;gpdh;fspd; ngah;fs; ; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ ghypdk; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gjpyspj;jth; xg;Gifr; rPl;by; ifnahg;gkpl my;yJ ngUtpuy; Nuif gjpT nra;a kWj;jhy; ifnahg;gkpl kWj;Jtpl;lhh; vd mjpy; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. gjpyspj;jtuhy; midj;J tptuq;fSk; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;L> xg;Gifr; rPl;by; ifnahg;gkpl;l gpwNf if fzpdpapy; cs;s tptuq;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ifnahg;gk; ,lkWf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> if fzpdpapy; ifnahg;gkpl kWj;Jtpl;lhh; vd cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;L mjd; gpwNf tptuq;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd epfo;thdJ Nkw;ghh;itahshpd; ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L cWjp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;f Ntz;bait 1. 2. fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;s xt;nthU tPl;bw;Fk; nrd;W fzf;nfLg;G Nfs;tp ml;ltiziag; gw;wp nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. gjpyspg;gtuhy; mspf;fg;gLk; tptuq;fs; mt;thNw vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mth; mspf;Fk; tptuq;fis cWjp nra;tjw;fhf MjhuNkh/ MtzNkh Nfhuf;$lhJ. ePqfs; Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;L ngwg;gLk; gjpy;fis fzpdp ,af;Fgth; ; if fzpdpapy; rhpahdgbahf cs;sPL nra;tij cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xU Ntis gjpy; mspg;gth; nfhLf;Fk; tptuq;fspd; VNjDk; jtwhf ,Uf;Fk; vd ePq;fs; epidj;jhy;> mjd;nghUl;L mthplk; rh;r;irapy; <Lgl Ntz;lhk;. ,t;thwhd epfo;tpy; mjd; tptuj;jpid cq;fSf;F jpiuapy; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lj;jpy; ve;j fyj;jpy; cq;fSf;F re;Njfk; Vw;gLfpwNjh mijf;Fwpg;gpl;L> fzf; n fLf; f g; g l; l jw; F 6 kzp Neuj; j pw; F s; gjpT nra; J cq; f sJ Nkw;ghh;itahsUf;F njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,J gpd;dh; Nkw;ghh;itahsuhy; rhpghh;f;fg;gLk;. gjpyspg;gth; mf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhuhjtuhf ,Ue;jhy; mthplkpUe;J ve;jnthU tptuKk; ngwf;$lhJ.
15
3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
$Lkhdtiu taJ te;j FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fsplkpUe;J tptuq;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gk; njhptpj;j tptuq;fis kw;wth;fSlNdh mLj;j fzf;nfLg;G FLk;gj;JlNdh fye;J NgRtNjh kw;wth;fSf;F njhptpg;gNjh $lhJ. ml;ltizapy; cs;s midj;J Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; xt;nthd;whf gjpy; ngw;W gjpyspg;gth; mspf;Fk; gjpypid kl;Lk; cs;sPL nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ve;;j xU gjpypidAk; ePqfshf Cfpf;ff;$lhJ. mijg;NghyNt mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLg;gNjh> ; topfhl;L Kiwapy; my;yJ fUj;ij J}z;Lk; tpjkhf Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gNjh $lhJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Kiwahf Ngrp ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpd;; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; tpsf;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; gjpypidg; ngw Ntz;Lk;. vg;nghOJk;; gjpy; mspg;gth; ve;j ghypdj;ij rhh;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; xU gf;f rhh;G ,y;yhky; ml;;ltizapy; cs;s Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; ngz; xUth; jdJ FLk;gkhdJ jd;id jiytuhf nfhz;bUg;gjhf njhptpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> mt;thNw gjpT nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gj;jpy; gjpy; mspg;gth; midj;J Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; gjpy; mwpe;jplhky; ,Uf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd rkaj;jpy; mtiu mt;tptuj;jpid mwpe;Js;s FLk;g cWg;gpdNuhL fye;J NgRtjw;F Cf;fg;gL;;j;jyhk;. vg;nghOJk; gjpy; mspg;gthpd; trjpapid epidtpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. xU ehspy; FLk;gj;jpdh;fis re;jpg;gjw;F trjpahd Neuk; vJntd mwpe;J me;j Neuq;fspy; mth;fis nrd;W re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8.
9.
10.
fzf;nfLg;gpw;Fgpd; filgpbf;f Ntz;bait 1. xU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; fzf;nfLg;gpid Kbj;jTld; ePq;fs; gjpT nra;j midj;J tptuq;fSk; nghWg;G ika rh;thpy; cs;sPL nra;ag;gLtij cWjp nra;aTk;. mjw;fhf rk;ke;jg;gl;l nghWg;G mYtyhpd; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;l xg;Gifr; rPl;bid ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;. cq;fSf;F NkYk; $Ljyhf fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Muk;gk; Kjy; nrhy;yg;gl;l midj;J eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf Njitahd Mtzq;fs; jahh; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l midj;J fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;FfspYk; fzf;nfLg;Gg; gzp Kbtile;jTld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghWg;G mYtyhplk; ,Ue;J gzp tpLg;G Miz ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;.
2.
3.
mLj;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; efu ml;ltizia g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhd Nfhl;ghLfs;> tpsf;fq;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; tpsf;fg;gLk;.
16
mj;jpahak; -3
Nfhl;ghLfSk; tpsf;fq;fSk; fzf;nfLg;gpw;fhd ml;ltizapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fSf;fhd njspthd kw;Wk; rhpahd nghUspidf; fzf;nfLg;ghsh;> fzpdp ,af;Fgth; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghh;itahsh; mwpaNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. fzf;nfLg;gpw;F nry;tjw;F Kd;ghf fPo;fz;l tpsf;fq;fis ed;F njhpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. 1. Gjpa fl;llq;fSf;F ,yf;fkpLjy;: r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjpf;fzf;nfLg;gpd; nghOJ my;yJ mjw;F Kd;Ng tPl;L ,yf;fk; ,lg;gl;l fl;llq;fSf;F eLNt Gjpa fl;llk; Njhd;wpapUg;gpd; mjw;F Gjpa vz; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j vz; mUfpYs;s fl;llj;jpd; cg vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf fl;ll vz; 10f;Fk; 11f;Fk; ,ilNa xU fl;llk; te;jpUe;jhy; 10/1 vd;W ,yf;fkpl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Gjpa fl;llq;fSf;F 10(1) my;yJ 10(2) vd;W vz;fs; ,lf;$lhJ. ,t;thW milg;G Fwpf;Fs; NghFk; vz;fs; xU fl;llj;jpw;Fs; cs;s nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fj;jhd; nghUe;Jk;. khwhf 10/1 vd;gJ fl;ll vz; 10-f;F gpwF te;j Gjpa fl;llj;ij Fwpg;gjhFk;. fpuhkk;/efuk;: fzf;nfLg;gpy; rpy fpuhkq;fs;/fpuhkg; gFjpfs; nrd;r]; lTd;/ Ntfkhf tsh;e;Js;s gFjpfs; (Out Growth) vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thwhd gFjpfs; midj;Jk; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; fpuhkq;fshfNt vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; ,uz;L ml;ltizfs; (fpuhkk;/efuk;) gad;gLj;jg;gl cs;sJ. efuj;jpw;fhd ml;ltizahdJ mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l (statuatory) efug;gFjpfSf;F kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl cs;sJ. kw;w gFjpfs; midj;Jk; fpuhkg;gFjpfshf fzf;nfLg;Gr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. vdNt fzf;nfLg;gpw;F nghUj;jkhd ml;ltiziaNa gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa kf;fs;njhif gjpNtl;by; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s FwpaPlL vz;fNs ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpYk; gad;gLj;jg;gl ; cs;sJ. FLk;gk;: rhjhuzkhf nghJ rikayiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; czit cl;nfhz;L (mtru Ntiy fhuzkhf rpyrkak; mJ Kbahky; Nghfyhk;) Nrh;e;J trpf;Fk; egh;fs; mlq;fpaJ. xU FLk;gk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;. xU FLk;gj;jpYs;s egh; f s; cwtpdh; f shfNth> cwtw; w th; f shfNth my; y J ,uz; L k; Nrh;ejth;fshfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. xd;W Nrh;eJ tho;gth;fspy; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; ; ; ahh>; ahh; vd;gjid ,Wjp nra;tJ me;j FLk;g jiytuJ KbT vd;whYk; xU FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fis KbT nra;tjw;F fPofz;l topKiwfis filg;gpbf;fyhk;. ; rpy rkaq;fspy; ,uz;L FLk;gj;jpdh; xNu rikay; miwiag; gad;gLj;jp> jdpj;jdpahf jq;fsJ Njitf;F jFe;jhw;Nghy; rikj;Jf;nfhs;thh;fNsahdhy; ,e;epfo;tpy; mtw;wpid jdpj;jdp FLk;gkhf fUjNtz;Lk;. xNu rkayiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; kl;Lk; me;j ,uz;L FLk;gq;fisAk; xNu FLk;gkhf fUj ,ayhJ. nghJthf xU FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s egh;fs; cwtpdh;fshf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. xU FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fis KbTnra;Ak;nghJ nghJ rikayiw/ nghJthd rikay; vd;gjidtpl> nghJthf egh;fs; xd;W Nrh;eJ tho;tjid ; mbg;gilahf; nfhz;L KbT nra;aNtz;Lk;.
17
2.
3.
rpy rkaq;fspy; FLk;gj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fj;ij mg;gbNa nghUj;jpg; ghh;g;gJ rpukkhf ,Uf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf xU nrd;r]; tPl;by; xU egh; czT rikj; N jh my; y J rikf; f hkNyh trpj; J te; j hYk; mtiu xU FLk;gkhfj;jhd; fUj Ntz;Lk;. mijg;NghyNt xU fztDk; kidtpAk; my;yJ cwtpdh;fslq;fpa egh;fs; xU tPlby; trpj;J> mth;fs; VNjh xU fhuzj;jpw;fhf tPlbw;F ntspapypUe;J ; ; tUk; czit cl;nfhz;lhYk; mth;fis xU FLk;gkhf fUj Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s ngz; cWg;gpdh; vtNuDk; jd;id jdpf;FLk;gkhf fUjNtz;Lk; vd tpUg;gk; njhptpj;jhy; mtiu jdpf;FLk;gkhfg; gjpT nra;aNtz;Lk;. tpjitfs;> fztidg; gphpe;J trpg;gth;fs;> ,uz;lhtJ kidtp> jdpahf trpf;Fk; ngz; Nghd;Nwhh; jdp FLk;gkhf jq;fis njhptpf;ff;$Lk;. xU FLk;gj;Jld; rhjhuzkhf trpj;JtUk; Ntiyf;fhuh;fs;> gzk; nrYj;jp cld; FbapUg;gth;fs;> gzpahl;fs; Nghd;Nwhh; mth;fs; Nrh;eJ trpj;JtUk; ; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSld; czT cl;nfhz;L te;jhYk; mth;fis me;j FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf fUjf;$lhJ. ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; mth;fis jdpf;FLk;gkhff; fUjp mth;fis fzf;nfLg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
4. FLk;gj;jpd; tiffs;: nghJthf rhjhuzf; FLk;gq;fs;> epiyaf;FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; tPlw;w FLk;gq;fs; vd %tiff; FLk;gq;fisf; fhzyhk;. (m) rhjhuzf; FLk;gk;: rhjhuzkhf xU nghJ rikayiwapy; jdpahf czit jahhpj;J cl;nfhz;L (mtru Ntiy fhuzkhf rpyrkak; mJ Kbahky; Nghfyhk;) Nrh;e;J trpf;Fk; egh;fs; mlq;fpaJ rhjhuzf; FLk;gk; vdg;gLk;. rhjhuzf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s egh;fs; cwtpdh;fshfNth> cwtw;wth;fshfNth my;yJ ,t;tpU tifapduhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mNj rkak; epiyaf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; cwtw;wth;fs; Mth;. rhjhuz FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; epiyaf; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; cs;s kw;nwhU NtWghL rhjhuz FLk;gj;jpYs;sJ Nghypy;yhky; epiyaf; FLk;gq;fspy; xU epiyaj;jpy; trpg;gth;fs; kl;LNk mlq;Fth;.
(M) epiyaf;-FLk;gk;: cwtw;w egh;fs; xd;W Nrh;e;J FOthf> xU nghJ rikayiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; czit cl;nfhz;L> xU ,lj;jpy; trpj;J te;jhy; me;j cwtw;w egh;fs; mlq;fpa FO epiyaf; FLk;gk; vdg;gLk;. czT tpLjpfs;> cztfq;fs;> jq;Fk; tpLjpfs;> jq;Fk; trjpAila Xl;ly;fs;> fhg;gfq;fs;> fz;fhzpg;G ,y;yq;fs;> gpr;irf;fhuh;fSf;fhd tpLjp> rpiwr;rhiy> Mrpukq;fs;> KjpNahh; ,y;yq;fs;> rpWth; fhg;gfk;> mdhij ,y;yq;fs; Nghd;wit epiyaf; FLk;gq;fSf;F cjhuzkhFk;. xU fl;llj;jpy; xU epiyaf; FLk;gk; ,Ue;J mq;Fs;s fhg;ghsh;> gzpahs;> Jg;GwTj;njhopyhsh; Nghd;Nwhh;> mNj fl;llj;jpy; jdpj;jdp tPLfspy; trpj;J> mth;fSf;fhd czitj; jhNk jahh; nra;J nfhs;thh;fNsahdhy; mk;khjphpahd FLk;gq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; jdpj;jdp FLk;gkhfTk;> mth;fs; jq;fpAs;s tPLfs; jdpj;jdp nrd;r]; tPLfshfTk; fUjg;gLk;.
18
rpiwr;rhiyfs;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l cztfq;fs;> kUj;Jt kidfs;> khzth; tpLjpfs; Nghd;w epiyaf; FLk;gq;fspy;> FWfpa/ePz;l fhy mstpy; trpg;gth;fis me;je;j epiyaf; FLk;gq;fspd; cWg;gpdh;fshfNt nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mth;fis mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdh; trpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; $lhJ. ,e;j r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjp fzf;nfLg;gpy;> midj;J epiya FLk;gq;fisAk; fzf;nfLf;f Ntz;Lk;. epiyaf;FLk;gq;fspy; trpg;gth;fis> mth;fspd; FLk;gq;fs; vq;F trpf;fpwNjh mq;F fzf;nfLf;fhky; mth;fs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyaf; FLk;gq;fspNyNa fzf;nfLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(,) tPlw;w FLk;gk;: fl;llq;fs; my;yJ nrd;r]; tPLfspy; trpf;fhky; jpwe;jntsp my;yJ rhiyNahuq;fs;> eilghijfs;> nghpa Foha;fs;> Nkk;ghyq;fs;/gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPo; kw;Wk; topghl;Lj;jyq;fspd; mUfpy; cs;s jpwe;j ntspfs;> kz;lgq;fs;> uapy;Nt gpshl;ghuq;fs; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; trpf;Fk; FLk;gq;fs;> tPlw;w FLk;gq;fshFk;. ,t;thwhd tPlw;w FLk;gq;fis> fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ mth;fs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,lq;fspNyNa mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l ehspy;/ehl;fspy;> fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fs;/ Jiz fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fs; ,f;fzf;nfLg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk;. tPlw;w FLk;gj;jpid fzf;nfLg;G nra;Ak;nghOJ ,ul;bg;ghf fzf;;nfLf;fTk; tha;g;G Vw;glyhk;. ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; tPLfs; kw;Wk; FbapUg;G trjpfs; rk;ge;jkhd tpdhf;fis Nfl;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. 5. FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshf gjpT nra;jpl jFjpahd egh;fs:; nghJthf xd;whf Nrh;e;JthOk; midtiuAk; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshfg; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf> FLk;gj;NjhL Nrh;e;J tho;gtuhf ,Ue;Jk; jw;fhypfkhf Fbngah;e;J NtW ,lj;jpy; trpg;gtuhf ,Ue;Jk;> fzf;nfLg;Gfhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J 6 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; tPL jpUk;Ggtuhf ,Ue;jhy>; mtiu FLk;g cWg;gpduhff; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. FLk;gj; jiyth; fle;j xU tUlj;jpy; 6 khjq;fSf;F Nky; FLk;gj;Jld; trpf;fhky; ntspapy; trpg;gtuhf ,Ue;jhy; mtuJ jdpegh; tptuq;fis ml;ltizapd; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;-Dy; gjpT nra;jy; $lhJ. ,Ug;gpDk; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; trpf;fhky; NtW ,lq;fspy; trpf;Fk; ehl;Lg;ghJfhg;G gzp / Para-Military gzpapy; <Lgl; L s; s th; f is> mth; f sJ FLk; g cWg;gpdh;fshfNt fzf;fpl Ntz;Lk;. nrhj;Jf;fs;> epy cilik> FLk;g tUkhdk; (Nfs;tp ml;ltizapd; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;-E y; Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ) Kjypatw;iw fzf;fPL nra;Ak; nghOJ> FLk; g j; j iytuhy; cilikahf; f g; g l; l nrhj; J f; f Sld; > FLk; g j; j pd; nrhj;Jf;fisAk; Nrh;jJ fzf;fL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf nrd;idapy; ; P FLk;gj;jiyth; gzp nra;J nghJthf mq;NfNa jq;fpf;nfhs;fpwhh;. mtuJ FLk; g k; Nfhak; G j; J }hpy; ; trpj; J tUfpd; w J. FLk; g j; jiyth; mhpjhf Nfhak;Gj;J}Uf;F te;Jnry;fpwhh; vd;w epfo;tpy; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ> mth; nrd;idapy; kl;Lk; fzf;fL nra;ag;gLthh;. Mdhy; ,tuJ tUkhdk;> nrhj;Jf;fs;> P
19
epy clik Kjypad Nfhak; G j; J }hpy; trpf; F k; FLk; g j; j pdUf; F k; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf Foe;ijfs;> Nguf;Foe;ijfs;> fztd;/kidtp> rNfhjuh;/ rNfhjhp my;yJ ,JNghd;w FLk;gj; jiythpd; neUq;fpa cwtpdh;; midtUk; FLk;gj;jpdhpd; ,ay;ghd cWg;gpdh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; mth;fspy; vtNuDk; fle;j xU tUlj;jpy; 6 khjq;fSf;F Nkyhf tpLjp Nghd;w ntspaplq;fspy; jq;fpapUj;jy; $lhJ. jw;fhypfkhf xU FLk;gj;jpw;F tUifGhpe;j ghh;itahsh;/tpUe;jpdh; mf;FLk;gj;jpy;; fle;j xU tUlj;jpy; 6 khjj;jpw;F Fiwthf jq;fpapUj;jy;. xU FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J jpUkzk;> Ntiytha;gG Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; epue;jukhf ; ; Fbngah;e;J/FLk;gj;ij tpl;L ntspNawp> vg;NghjhtJ te;J nry;gth;fs;. tPl;bNyNa jq;fp gzpahw;Wk; gzpahs;> Ntiyf;fhuh;> gzk; nfhLj;J jq;Fk; tpUe;jpdh; (FLk;gj;jpdNuhL md;whlk; czT cl;nfhs;Sk; epiyapYk;) ,ay;ghf FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;s tha;gpy;yhjth;fs;; Mth;.
6. FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshf gjpT nra;a jFjpaw;wth;fs;
7. FLk;gj; jiyth; FLk;gj; jiyth; vd;gth;> tof;fkhf mf;FLk;gj;jpdNuhL trpg;gth; Mthh;. rpy re;jh;gq;fspy; mth; FLk;gj;Jld; tof;fkhf trpg;gtuhf ,y;yhjtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghh;. (cjhuzk;: FLk;gj; jiyth; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLgth; Ntiyf;fhf fle;j xU tUlj;jpy; 6 khjj;jpw;F Nkyhf mUfpy; cs;s efuj;jpw;F Fbngah;e;J thuj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; te;J nry;gtuhf ,Uj;jy;). ,t;thwhd epfo;tpy; ,ju FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; tha; nkhopahd cWjp ngw;W mtiu FLk;gj; jiytuhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. epiyaf;-FLk;gj;ij nghUj;jtiu> me;epiyaj;jpy; gzp nra;Jnfhz;L Mdhy; ; epiya cWg;gpdh;fSld; trpf;fhj epiyaj;jpd; jiyth; ,Ug;gpDk; mtiu epiya cWg;gpduhf/Kjyhtjhf FLk;gj; jiytuhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. ,t;thwhd epfo;tpy; me;epiyaj;jpy; trpg;gjhf fUjg;gLk; egiu epiyaf;FLk;g jiytuhf fzf;fPL nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;g cWg;gpdh; mf;FLk;gj;jpdNuhL czT cl;nfhz;L Mdhy; tPl;by; ,ltrjp ,y;yhikapdhy; NtW xU ,lj;jpy; (fil my;yJ NtWtPlbd; miwapy;) ; ,utpy; J}q;FgtuhdhYk; mtiu mtUila FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf fzf;nfLf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;g cWg;gpdh; ehs;NjhWk; czit ntspapy; cz;L (tptrhaf; $ypf;F rk;gsj;Jld; toq;fg;gLk; kjpa czT) Mdhy; FLk;gj;Jld; trpj;J tUgtuhf ,Ug;gpd;> FLk;gj;Jld; trpg;gth; vd;w Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mth; mf;FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gkhdJ ngz; cWg;gpdh; xUtiu jiytuhf nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. mf;FLk;gj;jpy; FLk;gj;jiyth; ahh; vd;gij Nfl;lwpe;J mjd;gb fzf;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. fzf;nfLg;ghsh; jhkhfNt FLk;gj;jpd; jiyth; Mz; cWg;gpdh;jhd; vd;W Cfpj;Jf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
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8. bjh / eltoif Ntiy nra;gth;fis (Worker) nghWj;jtiuapy; mth;fs; nra;Ak; njhopiy gjpT nra;aTk;> Ntiy nra;athjth;fis nghWj;jtiuapy; (Non worker) mth;fspd; eltbf;iffis gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,itfs; tzpfk;> ifj;njhopy>; tpahghuk;> tPl;LNtiy> khzth; Nghd;witahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Cdk;) 9. khw;Wj;jpwd; (cly; Cdk);; khw;Wj;jpwd; vd;gJ> rhjhuz kdpjid xg;gpLk;nghOJ Mw;wy; Fiwthd epiyia nfhz;Ls;s xU jdpegNuhL njhlh;GgLj;jg;gLtjhFk;. ,it fz;ghh;itapy;> Nfl;gjpy;> NgRtjpy;. mirtpy;> %is tsh;r;rpapd;ik> kdNeha; kw;Wk; gpw tif khw;Wj; jpwd;fs; vd gy tifapy; cs;sd. 10. ehs;gl;l tpahjp mjpf ehl;fs; ePbj;jpUf;Fk; my;yJ kPzLk; kPzLk; tUk; gytPdg;gLj;Jk; tpahjp ; ; 11. trpf;Fk; miw trpg;gjw;fhd xU miw vd;gJ EiothapYld; Rth;fs; kw;Wk; $iuAld; xU egh; gLf;f NghJkhd ePs mfyq;fs; cilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ> xU FLk;gk; J}q;Ftjw;F VJthf gad;gLj;Jk; miw ve;jtpj Fiwe;j msT ePs mfyq;fs; ,y;yhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. trpf;Fk; miw vd;gjpy; gLf;if miw> cztUe;Jk; miw. tuNtw;G miw gzpahl;fs; miw kw;Wk; Gof;fj;jpYs;s miwfs; mlq;Fk;. rikay; miw Fspayiw> foptiw> rhkhd;fs; miw> eilghij kw;Wk; tuhz;lh Nghd;w trpf;f gad;gLj;jhj ,itfis> trpf;Fk; miwfspy; Nrh;ff$lhJ. xU miw cl;fhUtjw;Fk;. rhg;gpLtjw;Fk; ; kw;Wk; rikg;gjw;Fk; Mf gy cgNahfq;fSf;F gad;gLNkahdhy; mijAk; trpf;Fk; miwahf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. thfd miw kw;Wk; gzpahl;fs; jq;Fkplk;> gzpahsh; xUtuhy; cgNahfgLj;jg;gl;L mjpy; mth; jdpf;FLk;gkhf trpj;J te;jhy; mij gzpahl;fspd; FLk;gj;jpd; trpf;Fk; miwahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. kf;fs; trpf;f$ba $k;G tbtkhd Fbirfs; my;yJ $lhuq;fis xUth; vjph;nfhs;sf;$Lk;. ,e;j khjphpahd tof;fj;jpw;F khwhd FbapUg;Gfspy; miwf;F ehd;F Rth;fs; ,Uf;fhJ. Mifahy; Nkw;fz;l nrd;r]; tPl;bw;fhd tpsf;fq;fs; fz;bg;ghf ,j;jifa fl;llq;fSf;F nghUe;jhJ. cz;ikapy; $k;G tbt Fbir my;yJ $lhuj;jpd; $iu Rtuhf gad;gLk; epiyapy; jiuia njhl;lthW ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j epiyfspy; Fbir my;yJ $lhuj;ij xU miwahf fUjTk;. ,j;jifa $k;G tbt Fbirfs; my;yJ $lhuj;ij ve;j FLk;gkhtJ trpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jpdhy; mij trpf;Fk; miwahf fUj Ntz;Lk;. FbapUg;G my;yhj kw;w gad;ghl;bw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; miwia trpf;Fk; miwahf gjpa Ntz;lhk;. xU trpf;Fk; miwahdJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; cgNahfj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; mij> ve;j FLk;gj;jpd; fzf;fpYk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ. mjhtJ xU FLk;gj;jpw;F kl;LNk cs;s trpf;Fk; miwfis khj;jpuk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf ,uz;L FLk;gq;fs; tPl;by; cs;s xNu xU miwia gfph;e;J nfhz;lhy; ve;j xU FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; gpuj;Nahfkhf trpf;Fk; miw
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fpilahJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,jw;Fhpa fyj;jpy; o vd ,uz;L FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; gjpa Ntz; L k; . ,uz; L FLk; g q; f s; xt; n thd; W k; xU jdp trpf; F k; miwia gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;Lk;. NkYk;> me;j FLk;gq;fs; ,d;ndhU miw gfph;e;J nfhz;lhy; me;j nghJthd miw ve;j FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ. 12. iftplg;gl;l ngz;fs; iftplg; g l; l ngz; f s; kw; W k; FLk; g cWg; g pdh; f SlNdh. my; y J cwtpdh;fSlNdh Nrh;e;J trpj;jhy; mtiu jdpf;FLk;gkhf fUjhky; xU FLk;g cWg;gpduhf fUjTk;. Mdhy; mtuJ epiy jpUkz epiy> vd;w Nfs;tpapy; gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lk;. 13. vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpe;jth; xU egh; VO taJk; mjw;F Nky; cs;stuhfTk;. VjhtJ xU nkhopapy; Ghpe;Jnfhz;L gbf;fTk; kw;Wk; vOjTk; njhpe;jpUe;jhy; mth; vOj gbf;fj; njhpe;jth; Mthh;. xUth; gbf;f kl;LNk njhpAk; Mdhy; vOj njhpahJ vd $wpdhy;> mth; vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahjth; Mthh;. xUth; vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpe;jth; vd;gjw;F mth; Kiwahf fy;tp fw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; my;yJ Fiwe;j gl;r fy;tp Njh;r;rp ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd Njitapy;iy. vOj;jwpTepiy vd;gJ KjpNahh;fy;tp %ykhfNth. my;yJ ; Kiwrhuhf;fy;tp Kiwapd; %ykhfNth ngw ,aYk;. fz;ghh;itaw;w egh;fs; g;iuyp (Braille) Kiwapy; gbf;fj; njhpe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; fy;tp fw;wth; vd;Nw fUjg;gLgth;. 14. vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahjth; xUth; ve;j nkhopapyhtJ vOjTk; kw;Wk; gbf;fTk; njhpahjth; vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahjth; Mthh;. gbf;f kl;Lk; njhpe;J vOj ,ayhtpl;lhYk; mtiuAk; vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahjtuhf fUj Ntz;Lk;. MWtaJk;> mjw;F Fiwe;j taJila gs;sp nry;Yk; Foe;ijfs; gbf;f kw;Wk; vOj njhpejpUe;jhYk; vOjgbf;f njhpahjth; vd gjpa Ntz;Lk;. ; 15. Cjpak; <l;Ljy; Cjpak; <l;Lgth; vd;gth; VNjDk; xU njhopypy; <Lgl;L (tptrhak;my;yJ tptrhak; my;yhjJ) mjw;fhf jpdrhp my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Cjpak; ngWgth;fs;. mth; epue;ju njhopyhsp my;yhjth;. cjhuzk; ghuk;J}f;fp ,wf;Fgth;. kz; Njhz;Ljy;. tPL fl;Ljy; Nghd;wit. nghJ Ntiy jpl;lj;jpy; jpdk; / thuk; / khjk; xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Ntiy nra;tJk; Cjpak; <l;Ltjhf fUjg;gLk;. 16. jz;zPuhy; Rj;jk; nra;Ak; foptiw jz;zPuhy; Rj;jk; nra;Ak; foptiw vd;gJ xU foptiwapy; cs;s fopTfis jz;ziu gPrrp mbf;fg;gl;L epyj;jbf;Fs; js;sg;gLk; KiwahFk; kw;Wk; ,e;j Kiwapy; P ; fopTfs; kdpjuhy; mfw;wg;gLgit my;y. 17. Fwpg;G fhyk; ml;ltizapd; xU rpy tpdhf;fspy; Fwpg;G fhyk; fle;j Xuhz;L vd njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thnudpy;> fzf;nfLg;Gf;F Kd;dh; cs;s xU tUl fhyj;jpid vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fzf;nfLg;gpd; ehs; 1 Vg;uy; 2012 vdpy; 01.04.2011 Kjy; 01.04.2012 tiuapyhd fhyj;ij Fwpg;G fhyk; vd vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
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mj;jpahak; - 4
r_f - bghUshjhu kW rh fzbfL - 2011 (efu nf mltiz got) efu nf mltiz got uL gff csd gf A kwW gf B
gf A ehF shFfis bfhlJ sh A sh B sh C sh D gf B sh E sh F sh E 1 2 3 mikl tuf nja kf bjhif fzbfL (NPR) gntoUJ vLf ntoa tu Lgoa RUfUJ vLf ntoa tu j eg tuf FLg tuf cWbkh L / tF miw trf brhJf
uL gFfis bfhlJ
FLg tuf _W fshf fgLsJ
Kj, A gfij brj wF gf B-I brj ntL. f id bfhs ntoaJ vdbtwh vj xU FLg fzbfL elJ nghJ, Kj mj FLg cs cWdf tufshd bga, ghd, wj nj Kja gufis xw xwhf g bra. nkfl tufis g brj d, s nffhd gfis xbthUt g nrff ntL. jid bjhlJ FLgF brhjkhd L, FoU, trf, brhJfs nghwit Fj tu nrff ntL. tufis nrfgJ bjhlghf nH tfgLsJ.
gf -A
sh A : mikl tuf kW FLg tif mikl tuf fzbfL sh ga tuf, bghW mYtyuh KTona tHfgL, iffY cL bragL, Vfdnt iff cL bragLs gf rahdjh vgij, cW bra ntL. iffia aFtjfhf Password-I cfSila, nkghitahslUJ bgWbfhs
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ntL. thL FpL Kng g bragoUjh mitfis f bra ntoaiy. sh - A mikl tuf khy : efu : FpL FpL khtl : FpL thL v :
FLg tifia flj - j tuf got gf A tyJw bfhLfgLsJ. FLg, rhjhuz myJ iya myJ lw vw VjhtJ xU tif mlF. FLg tifia Kija maha (nfhghLfS kW sffS) sfglthW fla ntL. rhjhuz FLgF FpL (1), iya FLgF FpL (2) kW lw FLgF FpL (3) mf. lw FLgkhf Ujh mj FLg VjhtJ Tiu thwjh vW nkY nflJ M v FpL (1) vd iy v FpL (2) vd Fl, FLg tif : rhjhuz.................. 1 iya ..................... 2 lw........................ 3
sh B: fzbfLghsl cs Lgoa RUfYs, FLg viz iff g brnghJ, sh B Fl FLgfhd Vfdnt cL bragl nja kf bjhif gnto (NPR) ifgl ef (Image) iu jhdhfnt njhW. sh C: Lgoa RUf UJ FLg bjhl viz iff g bra ntL. kw gfSfhd nff jhdhfnt njhW.
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sh B ifgl ef (Image) Vfdnt gagoUjh jhdhfnt njhW sh B : NPR mltiz cs tuf cL bragoUF L goa/ sh v FLg v
sh C Lgoa RUf UJ FLg bjhl viz if f g brantL. kw gfSfhd nff jhdhfnt njhW sh C : Lgoa RUfUJ vLJ vGjgl ntL FLg bjhlv fzbfL ( 2 / 3- fy sh v myJ -4 fy-6) r-sh v fzbfL sh tif (-1 6tJ (mffgl efufSF) d) (kfbjhif fzbfL
b g h W g n t o , nkghitahs tl, fy 17- UJ vLJ vGj ntL) (Foir gF-1, Foir gF yhjJ-2
fzbfLghsU, iff g brgtU NPR kW AHL 3, 4 cs tuf fzbfL JtfgLtjF Kd iff csjh vgij cW bra ntL. fzbfLnghJ a FLgf Ujh mtfis fzbfL a mltizia gagL nrJbfhs ntL. mnjngh, Vfdnt cs FLgUJ J jnghJ jFLgkh tJ tU FLgfis, a FLgfshfnt fUjntL. kh FLgf tjh VgL a FLgfSfhd FLg bjhl v, if f UJ bgwgl ntL. sh B ia bghWjtiu Lgoa sh v (House list Block Number) kW FLg v (Household No) Ma tuf midJ iff Vfdnt l bgUF. iff, rkjgl FLg tuf njhW (mjhtJ o RUf goa -2 njhw Toa tuf) mthW tuf njhwhj jUz, if jugLs L RUfgoa 3 kW 4 cs L tufis iff sh C ga. iffnyh myJ if jugl L goa RUfnyh FlgLs FLg ga tu ilfhj gr, mij a FLgkhf fU L goa RUf X a v bfhLJ L tufis bjhlJ nfL bgwyh.
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RUf brh f iff aFgtl xbthU FLgF xU FLg bjhl v kL tHfgl ntL vgij cW bra ntL. jdogilnyna sh A Kj C tiuYs tuf rghfgL (a FLgf ju) nj ngh midJ a FLg tufis Vfdnt cs tufnshL izJ X a rbragl Lgoa RUfij jah bra ntL. sh D j eg tuf ( 1 Kj 17 tiu) sh D ia bghWjtiu fy 1 Kj 9 tiu njitgL tuf nja kf bjhif fzbfL gnto (NPR) UJ vLfgoUF. j tuf khWjf fhzglhY mij khwhk j tuf csJ go vLJbfhs ntL. a FLgf / egf ga jftf iyba mtf midJ jftfis ga ntL. sh - D: jeg tufs t eg bga FLg ghd wj Ukz jij jh bjh / ir (FLg jiytUF 1. M ML iy bga ah elto v jiytl cwKiw 2. bg (My 1.Ukznk bga if UJ (cw Kiw 3.ju ehfho Mfhjt (ntiy id bjhlf) go) 2. jbghGJ ia KGikahf Ukz tu vGj ntL) iy khf Ugt vGj) 3. Jiz Hjt 4.jt 5.thfu jhdt
(1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
26
mfgr f iy 1.vGj gof bjahjt 2. vGj gof bjjt Mdh bjhlf fF H 3. bjhlf f 4. eLiy f 5. caiy f 6. nkiy f 7.sfiy gljh myJ mjF nk 8. kwtf (Fl)
tUkhdfhd Ka Ca Mjhu / tUkhd <Lj <Lgtuh <Lgtuh (FpL v) 1.irvLgt/Fig bghWFgt 2. L ntiy brgt 1.dT 3.eilghij ahgh/brU 2. thu ijgt/T gt/ bjUf bjh br 3. khj 4. vnghjhtJ kwtf 4. fLkhd gahs/ 5. Ca FHh gGJ ghgt / <lhjtf bfhjdh / bjhyh/ tz Rgt/ btl/ ghJfh fhty/T kW jiyRik gahs 5.Ju gahs/ njhlfhu 6. oy j ntiy brgt/ ifidP/ ifbjh/ ijafhu 7.nghFtuJ gahs/ XLe/ elJe/ XLe kW elJeUF cjahs/to Ggt/ h Ggt 8.mfho gahs/ cjahs/ a Wtd filiy Ca/ nahf cjahs/ Wo gahs 9.gahs/gGJghgt/ auf bghUJgt/ gGJ F gahs. 10.ryit bjhyh/ fhtyhs. 11. ju gahsf / ntiyna brahjtf. 12. Xa/thlif/to Kjad 13. vj tUkhdK yhjt.
khW wdh 1.f ghit 2.nfg 3.ng 4.mir 5.kd ts Fiw 6.kd nehah 7.kwtif Cd 8. gttif Cd 9.FiwghL yhjt
ehsgl ah
1. Wneh 2. fhrneh 3. bjhG neh 4. kwit 5. ehgl ah iy
kj (kj bgaiu KG ikahf vG j)
rh / gHFo iy
FpL tHf
fy 16 FpL 1, 2 myJ 3 Ff 1.bL goUjh rh/ tFd (SC) gHFo 2. bL bgaiu gHFod(ST) vGj 3. kwtfmyJ fy 16 4 .vjrh / FpL 4 gHFoia Ff rhuhjt goUjhy (bL X vW tFd (SC) vGj.
J, a kW j kjij rhjtuhfjh Uf ntL, bL gHFod (ST) vj kjij rhjtuhf Ufyh)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
* bL tFd (SC), J, a kW j kjij rhjtuhfjh UfntL. bL gHFod (ST) vj kjij rhjtuhf Ufyh.
27
midJ FLg cWdf mogil jftf FLgfhd sf Tago Uf ntL tfhLjf : 1. 2. 3. FLg kW FLgjiyt tfSfhd tiuaiwf nfhghLfS kW tiuaiwfS mahay Ta miugo mika ntL. FLg cWdf bgafis nfL, mjgo fy 2 g bra. FLg jiytiu bjhlJ mt fzt / kid FLgjiyt bgnwhf myJ fzt / kid bgnwh FLgjiytUF Ukzkhd kf / kf Ujh, FLg _j Ukzkhd kf / kf mtUila fzt / kid kW FHijf njngh midJ Ukzkhdtfis g bra. Ukzkhfhj kf / kf Ujh mnjngh FLg _jt thahf g bra 1. rnfhju / rnfhj myJ rnfhju kid / rnfhj fzt 2. kw cwdf 3. cwtwt
FLg cWdf bgafis nfL g br Kiw
4.
midJ nffis tukhf fhngh fy -1. tir v FLg got midJ j eg cWdf tufis g bra.
28
fy -2. eg bga fzbfLf jFs midJ FLg cWdfis fy g bra ntL. d xbthU cWdUila kw ufis g bra ntL. Kj FLg jiyt bgaiu gygt TathW g bra FLgjiyt Mzhfnth, myJ mj FLg _j cWduhfnth Uf ntL vW flhaiy. mt FLgij el brgtuhfnth myJ Ka Kofis vLgtuhfnthjh Uf ntL FLg cs egf bgaf NPR Vfdnt gagLsJ. Lgoa RUf 3 cs FLgf kW a FLgfSF egf bgafis KGikahf vGJiH yhk gygt Tago ga eg bga skhf UJ mJ bgoflF gagl Koahk Ujh bgaiu RU gygt Tago vGj. cjhuzkhf xUt bga rhujh jUkf vW Ujh mij rhujh D vW vGj (nja kf bjhif gnto 30 vGJfSfhd flf bfhLfgoUwd) FLgjiytiu bghUjtiu, FLgjiyt vgt FLgnjhL jUgt. y FLgf FLgjiyt vgt FLgnjhL jUf ntL vgJ flhaiy. cjhuzkhf ntiy j MW khjfSF nk FLgij L UF egiu FLgiyt vW FLg cWdf bjjh mJ VWbfhsgl ntL. gygt o cs bgf bgafis jhkhfnt brhy Ktuiyba, g mgtiu gjgLj TlhJ. jifa jUz jhJ elJ bfhs ntL. gygtUF ngha fhy mtfhr jugl ntL. njngh gygtuhf x bg UF gr, fyhrhu ahf fzt myJ Mf bgafis brhy jafyh. j jUz mtfis flhagLjhk, ju FLg cWdf, mil lh, mftho Ca Mnah cjia ehl ntL. y FHijf/ifFHijf bgalglhk Ufyh. j jUz, bgaiy (No Name) vW Fl ntL. FLg, iya FLgkhf U, mjDila jiyt mF jFgtuhf yhk Ufyh. mgo UF gr, jiytuhf mtiu fzbfLf TlhJ. mjF gyhf iya jUF egf Kj Kj iya Fona fzbfL eh tJ tU egiu FLg jiytuhf bfhSj ntL.
29
Kj jF thj egf bga, ghd, wj nj, Matiw g brj wF ju tuf flthW g bra ntL.
fy -3.
FLg jiytUF cw
FLg jiytUF cwKiws egf tuf kLnk g bra ntL. jJ vLj kf / kf Ujh mtfis kf / kfshfnt fUj (Self) vW gahk ntL. FLgjiyt tir cw Kiw jh ( FLgjiyt vnw ga ntL. ju egfSF vnu cw Kiwia KGikahf ga ntL. cw Kiwia g nghJ mij, jgh, kUkf, kUkf mJ mij, myJ khkh, jgh vw thijfis gagLjhk rnfhj / rnfhj kf / kf vnwh (kUkf / kUkf), jh / jij rnfhj (mij, ) myJ jh / jij rnfhj fzt (khkh / jgh) vnw ga ntL, ikJd vgjF kid rnfhju myJ rnfhj fzt vW ga ntL. ng vgij kf kf myJ kf kf vW Fl ntL. FLg cWdfshf fzbfLfgl cwtw egfis Uduhf (Visiter) g bra ntL. iya FLgij bghUjtiu midJ cWdfis cw Kiw yhjt vnw fUj ntL. iya FLg, mj L fhghs kfndh / kfnsh jUfTL. mj iya FLg jiyt, mj L fhghsuhf Ujh, mt kf / kf tufis brbghGJ jiyt kf / kf vW cw Kiwia vGjTlhJ. Vbdwh iya FLg cw Kiw ilahJ. ghd: M 1 bg 2 ju 3
fy - 4.
M vwh 1 vd, bg vwh 2 vd Ueif vwh 3 vd ga -5. fy -5 wj tUl :
wj Moid (YYYY) vW My ehfhogo NPR ifgl efy (Image) csthW bfhLfgLs l ga ntL. XU a FLgfhd
30
viz bfhLFnghJ, nj/khj/tUl (DD/MM/YY) vw Kiw g bra ntL. bghJthf xUtuJ wj njia ma Ko. xUntis gygtdh wj njia rahf bjf Koaiyba, w rhj, #hjf nghwtUJ mJ bfhsyh. thW bgwgL jftyhdJ, j khj myJ w msitf Ujh mJ My ehfhogo khwgL gagl ntL. brhygLw njia r ghf, Mtz Mjhufis ghf njitiy. wj ML brhy bjahk, njia, taij kLnk brhY rjg, Mil fzL ca tufis g bra ntL. xU y FLgf wj nj bjahk, wj ML bjahk UF nghJ, Ka ff _y taid ma Kay ntL. gntW nff _y FLg cWd wj Mil ma KaW, wj Moid kL (YYYY) g bra ntL. FLg X bg cWd wj nj, khj, ML Mait bjahj gr, mtUF vjid MLfSF K Ukz eljJ? Kj FHij vjid MLfSF wF wjJ? jnghJ mj FHij taJ vd? vgd nghw nffshf nfgj _y mj bgQila taid ff ntL. Ukz iy: : : : : : 1 2 3 4 5
fy -6.
gid FpLf _y bjf ntL. Ukz Mfhjt jnghJ Ukz iy Ugt Jiz Hjt jt thfujhdt
xU FLg cWd Ukz Mfhjt vwh FpL 1 vW Fl fl Fl. xU FLg cWd jnghJ Ukzkhd iy (Kj Ukznkh myJ ulhtnjh), kidnah / fztndh cnuhL UF iy mj cWdUF 2 vw FpL bfhLf ntL. jnghJ vw thijahdJ rg vW mj bfhsTlhJ. cjhuzkhf 80 tajhd xUt 60 tUlfSF K Ukz MUjhY mtUila kid cnuhL Ujh mtiu jnghJ Ukz iy cs eg vnw fUj ntL.
31
r_f / rujhago mffgL MQ bgQ cik izJ thG iy Ukz iyF ca FpL 2 jugl ntL. X cWduJ fztndh/kidnah wJ l iy jnghJ kWkz brJ bfhshj iy FpL 3 tHf ntL. FLg cWd Mnzh/bgnzh, jDila fzt / kidnahL jnghJ nrJ thHhk, jjahf J thG gr, FpL 4 bfhLfgl ntL. Mnzh/bgnzh xUtUila rkjij bgwhknyh / myJ tHfhknyh UjhY FpL 4 jugl ntL. xUt rlgo kw _ykhfnth myJ VW bfhsgl rKjha / kj gHf tHffdhnyh, fgL, jnghJ Ukz Mfhj iy Ujh, FpL 5 tHf ntL. j nfF vyh cWdfSF ilafgl ntL. ekF bjj tiu FHijfSF Ukz KoUf Kfhjuf iybanw enwh. UD FHijf FJ tufis br nghJ Ukz iy FJ nff nfL mJ ca FpLfis mf ntL. Vbd y gFf FHij Ukz (gha thf) D eilKiw csJ. bgf taF tUtjF Kng, Ukz eljgLwJ. cikahd Ukz wF eljgLwJ. j Niy x bg FHijF Ukz (gha thf) bragL Mdh jnghJ J thjhY, jnghJ Ukz Md iy cst vW fU FpL 2 bfhLfgl ntL. jij bga
fy -7.
jij bgaiu KGikahf Fl . jij mj o thHhk UjhY, wJ nghUjhY, jij bga flhakhf Ffgl ntL. fy -8. jhah bga jh bgaiu KGikahf Fl. jh mj o thHhk UjhY, wJ nghUjhY, jh bga flhakhf Fl ntL. fy -9. bjh / eltoif xUt jnghJ bjh/g jhY, ahlhY midJ cWdfSF j tu vGjgl ntL. j nfF, cWd bjh / gid vGj. cWd jnghJ Fl bjhiy brahUjhY mt gia Fl ntL. g/bjhiy bghWj tiu fzbfL ehsJ nj bragLw g/bjh fz vLJ bfhsyh. UD, fzbfL eh mW FLg cWd gF bryhknyh/bry ayhknyh L UjhY, mt brw g/bjh KaJt bgWwJ. ntiy brgt myJ ntiy brahjt jDila g/bjh FJ brhY giy VW bfhs ntL. y cjhuzf: trh, trha T, dT, kUJt, jifahs, tHfP, Mnyhrf, bghahs,
32
filfhu, L ntiyf/gf, khzt, wiu rhJ Ugt, Xajhu, g X bgwt, ir vLgt, D w. j xUt fzbfL njF Kd xU tUl fhy brj g /bjhiy mJ FJ bfhs ntL. FLg cWd brj myJ ftj g/bjh iy KGikahf bjthf Fl. j gfhy mt ca tUkhdij / yhgij bgwhk UjjhY mtUila fhy/ ftd vj g brylglnjh (cjhuz: khzt-f) mjid g bra ntL. J Kjik ahghukhfnth, bjhyhfnth, myJ gidahfnth Ufyh. FLg cWd brhj bjh brgtuhf Ujh mt br bjh KGbgaiu tukhf g brj ntL. FLg cWd xWF nkgl bjhiy bra thf csd. cjhuzkhf XU gahs khztdhf Uf th csJ. njngh MaU, L rhj gfis ftfyh. NH nkbfhS gF KaJt mfgL g myhj (f gY khzt) braYF KaJt juglTlhJ. njngh xU cWd xWF nkgl g/bjhiy bra thsJ. f FLg cWd flj x Mo (365 ehf) nkbfhl ujhd g myJ bgUghyhd neuf vjg brjhnuh mJnt gyhf fUjgL Ffgl ntL. mf grkhf bgwgl f iy: j nf, FLg cWd mfgrkhf fW Koj f iyia gaJ. J cWd btfukhf nj bgw iyiana FF. cjhuzkhf FLg cWd gjh tF goJsh. Mdh 10-tJ nj nj bgwiy vwh, mt eLiyf bgwt vnw fUjgL. vGjgof bjjt vgt FLg cWdf, VG taJ mjF nkY cstuhf VjhtJ xU bkh JbfhL gof kW vGj bjj iy cs midtiu f fwtf vW ga ntL. xUt gof kLnk bj, vGj bjahJ vwh mij vGjgof bjahjt vnw fUj ntL. xUt vGjgof bjjt vgjF, mt Kiwahd f fUf ntL myJ, Fiwjgrkhd f nj bgUf ntLbkd zf njitiy. f vgJ Knah f _ykhfnth myJ Kiw rhuh f Kiw _ykhfnth bgw aY.
fy -10.
vGjgof bjjt :
33
fghitaw FLg cWdf iu Kiw gof bjUjh mtf f fwtf vnw fUjgLt.
vGjgof bjahjt : xUt vj bkhyhtJ vGj kW gof bjahjt Mth. gof kL bjJ vGj bjahk Ujh mt vGjgof bjahjt vnw fUj ntL. MW taJ mjF Fiwj taJila g brY FHijf gof/vGj bjjhY vGjgof bjahjtf vnw fUj ntL. FpL
1.
iy
vGjgof bjahjt
sf
VG taJ iwtilahj midJ FHijf (myJ) VG taJF nkgl cWd Mdh vj xU bkhY vGjnth, gofnth bjahjt myJ gof kLnk bjjt. VG taJF nkgl, vj bkhyhtJ J bfhL vGj, gof bjj Mdh 5tJ tF nj bgwhjt Ijh tF nj bgwt Mdh 8 tF nj bgwhjt vlh tF nj bgwt Mdh 10 tF nj bgwhjt gjh tF nj bgwt Mdh 12 tF nj bgwhjt 12 tF nj bgwt Mdh sfiy gl bgwhjt. sfiy gl bgwt (bjthf Fl) gla go Kojt gbjhf bjhf
2.
vGjgof bjjt Mdh bjhlf fF bjhlff eLiyf caiyf nkiyf sfiy myJ mjF nk ju
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
34
nkTwgl f iyf khyF khy khWglhY bgUghyhd khyf gwgLgitahF. nkY y lf FLg cWdf kj rhj f Wtdfshd kju[h, gthr myJ kl nghwt f fW njUfyh. thW bgw mfgr f jFF izahd fjFia flJ mjFlhd FpLfis vGj ntL. xUt vGj bgwtuh myJ vGj bgwhjtuh vgij fla vjkhd nj myJ gnrhjid myJ vj xU Kiwia ifahs TlhJ. FLg cWd TWw giy mgona VW bfhs ntL. tUkhdfhd Ka Mjhu / <L Kiw :
fy -11.
FLg cWd tUkhdfhd Ka Mjhu ga tu j fy FfgLwJ. tKiwf: tKiwf xU FLg cWdUF gntW tiff tUkhd UD mt tUkhdfhd ujhd Mjhuij Ff. goa tifgLjgLsgo FpL vf gagl ntL tUkhd vts vgij Ff ntoaiy. bjh FpL ir vLgt / Fig bghWFgt 1 L ntiy brgt 2 eilghij ahgh / brU ijgt / T gt / bjUf bjh br kwtf 3 fLkhd gahs / FHh gGJ ghgt / bfhjdh / bjhyh / tz Rgt / btl/ ghJfh fhty / T kW jiyik gahs 4 Ju gahs / njhlfhu 5 L ntiy brgt / ifidP / ifbjh / ijafhu 6 nghFtuJ gahs / XLe / elJd / XLe kW elJeUF cjahs / to Ggt / h XLgt 7 mfho gahs / cjahs / a Wtd filiy Ca / nahf cjahs / Wo gahs 8 gahs / gGJ ghgt / auf bghUJt / gGJ F gahs 9 ryit bjhyh / u fhtyh 10 ju gahsf 11 Xa / thlif / to Kjad 12 vj tUkhdK yhjt 13
35
1.
ir vLgt / Fig bghWFgt - Ka tUkhd ir vLgJ, Figia nrfJ mj _y tUkhd <Ltjhf Ujh FpL 1 vW Fl. L ntiy brgt - KGneumyJ gF neukhf L ntiy brgtuhf Ujh FpL 2 vW Fl. gF neu myJ KG neu L ntiy brgtuhf UjhY, Fl ntiyfSfhf gakjglhY Fghf FHij guhk, ghu njj, rika nghw nj gid bghJ Wtd, cztf jFl, Lf Mat brgtU mlFt. eilghij ahgh / brU ijgt / T gt kW bjUf ntiy brgt - FLg cWd ahnuD eilghij brU ijgt / T gt kW bjUf w ntiy brtj _y tUkhd bgWgtuhf Ujh FpL 3 vW Fl. fLkhd gahs / FHh gGJ ghgt / bfhjdh / bjhyh / tz Rgt / btl/ ghJfh fhty / T kW jiyik gahs - FLg cWd ahnuD nkny Fl VnjD bjh brgtuhf Ujh FpL 4 vd Fl. Ju gahs / njhlfhu - FLg cWdf njhl ntiy kW Ju g _y tUkhd <Lgtuhf Ujh FpL 5 vd Fl. L ntiy brgt / ifidP / ifbjh / ijafhu - FLg cWd ifid bghU, ifbjh kW ija bjh _y tUkhd <Lgtuhf Ujh FpL 6 vW Fl. nghFtuJ gahs / XLe / elJd / XLe kW elJeUF cjahs / to Ggt / h Ggt - FLg eg nkny Fl VnjD bjh brgtuhf Ujh FpL 7 vW Fl. mfho gahs / cjahs / a Wtd filiy Ca / nahf cjahs / Wo gahs - FLg cWd nkny FLs bjh brgtuhf Ujh FpL 8 vd Fl. gahs / gGJ ghgt / auf bghUJt / gGJ F gahs - FLg cWd nkny FLs bjh brgtuhf Ujh FpL 9 vW Fl. ryit bjhyh / fhtyh - FLg cWdUF ryit bjh / u neu fht ntiy _y tUkhd tUkh FpL 10 vW Fl. ju ntiyf - nkny Fl tir v 1 Kj 10 tiuyhd vY cslfhj w ntiyf brgt v FpL 11 vW Fl.
36
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10. 11.
12.
ntiy brahjt (Xa / to / thlif Kjad) - FLg eg tUkhdkhdJ nkFlt _y tUkh FpL 12 vd Fl. vj xU ntiy _yK tUkhd bgwhk Mdh Xa, thlif, to, Kjad bgWgtfSF FpL 12 vW Fl. vj tUkhdK yhjt - FLg eg bjh myJ ahghu nghwit _y T / rgs tUkhdkhf bgwhjt. Fghf FHijf, khzt, taJ Knjh, wiu e Ungh kW brhj o L ntiy brgtfshf UnghUF FpL 13 vW Fl.
13.
fy - 12. Ca <Lgtuh tfhLj : tKiwf bgw Ca bjhifia g brj TlhJ FpL 1 tHFf - FLg cWd dr Ca FpL 2 tHFf - FLg cWd thuhu Ca FpL 3 tHFf - FLg cWd khjhu Ca FpL 4 tHFf - FLg cWd bgW Ca uw iy Ujh FpL 5 tHFf - FLg cWd Ca bgWeguhf yhJ Ujh khWw:
fy -13.
khWw ga j nf(f), FLgYs vyh egflK nffgl ntL. xUt wnjhw ewhf Ugij itJ, mj eg CdKwtuhf Ufkhlh vW ja brJ Jlhf. Vbd gytifahd khWwf ghitah flanth / bjJ bfhsnth KoahJ. y neuf tajhdtfl nf nffgLtiy. mtflK nfia nff ntoaJ f mta, Vbd taJ mfj fhuzkhfTl Cd VgL vgJ FljfJ. jdhjh jifa tuf KakhdjhF. nf kdij ghfToa xU nfahF. Mifah ftdkhf, rhJakhf gygt myJ kw FLgd czf glhj tz nffntL. khWw ga jftf nrfgJ tU gaghLfSF njit vgij sf ntL. jft mu lfis totikf ngha ia xJL bra kW khWwDilatfSF mtfSila FLgdUF njitahd nritfis mf gagL.
37
fY kW ntiythfY khWwDnshfSF rf thid ml tuf ttif br. nghFtuJ kW Rfhjhu nritfis khWwDnsh bgw J cj.
khWw cs egfis milahs fhgjfhd fUJfS miufS 2011 kf bjhif fzbfL miu ifnao UJ vLfgLsJ. j nf bgwgL g _y khWwdhf iyid mayh. vj FiwghodhY Jwhj egUF FpL 9-I bfhLf. Fiwgho jikia FpL goago g bra. xU FiwghoF nkyhf gytif FiwghLl Ujh FpL 8 I bfhLf. khWwDfhd FpLf nH bfhLfgLsd. FpL 1 - ghit xU eg fghit CdKwt vgij flitfsh mayh. ghfnt Koahjtuhf Ugt myJ fzho mj wF xia czu Koahj ghitawtuhf Ugt myJ fzho kW iy (Contract lens) mj wF, bjtw ka ghitiana bfhoUgt. X va Kiwahf xU eg gf btr 10 mo ilbt, uf vifia mJ bfhs jifa eg j ghitia bfhL Ko v (myJ) btrij czu Toatuhf UD, jJ elkhL msF ghit mwtuhf Ugt (myJ) ka ghitl, fghitia kUJtl nrhF rjgnk yhjJ, ghit nkgL thig gnah, mtFlhd ir Kiw gnah mahjtuhf Ugt (myJ) nkFlitf VjhtJ xW bghUJ gr FpL v 1I ga
F : xU f ghfgL, kbwhU fghit wndhL UF gr mt fghit CdKwtuhf fUjgl khlh. khiyf nehdh ghfgnlh khW wdhahf fUjgl khlh. tzij ahrgLj bjahjtfS ghit khW wdhahf fUjgl khlhf
38
FpL 2 - nfg: xU eg nfg khWw cilatuh vgij flitfsh mayh. KY nffnt KoahJ (myJ) mwhl ciuahlfis nff ayhjt (nfg fod) brw fUia (Hearing Aid) cgnahgt xU eg nfg FiwghLf cst vwh FpL 2 I ga
F :xU br kLnk FiwghL cilatuh, mtiu khWwdhahf fUj KoahJ. uL brfS nfF w mw nghJ kLnk mt br CdKwtuhf fUjgLth. FpL 3 - ngRt xU eg ngRt FiwghLf cilatuhf fUjgLtjF mt 3 taF nk cstuhf Uf ntL kW, KY ngrnt ayhjtuhfnth myJ ngRw FiwghLfsh rhjhuzkhf ngr ayhjtuhfnth U (myJ) xbthU thijahf ngrKonk ju KGikahd thafis ngr ayhjtf (myJ) J bfhs Koahj tif ngRgt. Mdh mthW ngRgt J bfhS tif ngdh mt khWwdhahf fUjgl khlh.
F:wFnghnj brw mnwh, ngr Koahjtuhf Ugij rhjhuzkhf fhzyh. fzbfL tfis xWF nkgl khWw bfhltf vW fU FpL 8 tHf ntL. FpL 4 - mir khWwf: xU egUF vY _L myJ iffhf jirf Fiwgho fhuzkhf elkhl / jilUFkh, mt mir FiwghLf cilat Mth. tU tifia rhj egf mlFt. xU myJ U iffS yhjtuhf Ugt (myJ) xU myJ U fhfS yhjtuhf Ugt (myJ)
39
KlF thjjh elf Koahjtuhf Ugt myJ elf Koahjtuhf Ujh Tl jttj _y X lUJ kbwhU lF efu Toat (myJ) ifo/braif if, braif fh, rfu ehfh, _W rfu thfd, eilto cjl kLnk efu Kogtuhf Ugt (myJ) uhj kW ujukhd _L/jir FiwghLf bfhL, Fiwj gr elkhl cilatuhf Ugt (myJ) vyh if ufisnah/fh ufisnah myJ bgU uiyna HUgt (myJ) mU itfgl vj xU W bghUis efjnth myJ vLfnth wdwtuhf Ugt (myJ) elkhl UfK, iu bfhLstuhfnth (myJ) f jsthd elkhl, jid mahk fLghlw elkhl cilatuhfnth (myJ) cl eLf cilatuhfnth, v cil jik bfhl tYtw vY bfhltuhfnth Ugt (myJ) cl mirfis iygLjnth, fLgLjnth Koahjtuhf Ug, (myJ) cl cW czaW, KlF thjdhnyh ( myJ) bjhG nehahnyh ghfgltuhf Ug, (myJ) cl TW rahdgo, T nghw njhw FiwghL bfhltuhf Ugt myJ f Fskhd cUtKilat.
mir Cd vW flagL egUF FpL 4 I g bra ntL. F : Cerebral Palsy vw nehah ghfgl xU egiu elkhl ghilatuhf fU FpL v 4-I ug. FpL 5 - _is tsik : _is tsik vgJ xU eg _is jLkhw kW nghJkhd tsaW myJ _is KGikahd ts vlhj iy cstbu mt m w Fiwjt Mth. _is tsik vgJ wUnjh myJ 18 taJ miltjF Kngh Vglyh.
40
xU eg _is tsikah ghfglt vgij fl tif mayh. rf taJ egfis fhoY jnyh/uJ bfhS tif FiwghL cstuhUg (myJ) rf taJ egfis ngh jfsJ njitfis nfL, iwnt bfhs ayhjtuhf Ug(myJ) jfsJ dr eltoifahd g njj, Fj, fhiy flf, cilkhWj kW Rfhjhu Kiwf, L ntiyfis brj nghwtiw bra ayhjtuhf Ug(myJ) rhjhuz miufis J bfhs Koahjtfshf Ug (myJ) Kof vLfnth, id bfhsnth, uridfis fnth f ukgLgtuhf Ugh.
xU eg _is tsikdh ghfgltbu FpL v.5I ug ntL F : _is tsikia g fL bfhs vtifahd nrhjid nkbfhs njitiy. xU eg _is tsikiah ghfgLsh vgij gyF FLgjh Konf Ll ntL. bkJthf ggtfis , ts dil VgLgtfis, _is tsikah ghfgLgtf vW fUj ntlh. g FHijf tHfijl bkJthf gtJ _istsikahfhJ. _is tsik bgUghY wUnjh myJ 18 taFshfnth VgLtJ. FpL 6 - kdneh : xU eg kdneh cstuhf fUjgLif t kndhahfnth myJ tHfkhd gHftHffnyh ntWgL fhzgLgt Mth. thwhd egf rhjhuzkhf vj xU uridF fhzKoahjt Mth. bghJthf xU eg kdnehah ghfglt vgij flit _y mayh. kd nehFlhd kUJfis vLJbfhgt (myJ) (myJ) kUJt irfis
njitaw / mfgoahd tUj, nfhg nghw ju sf ayhj xJ Uj, fik, gik, kdcisr, jbfhiy cz, Ra ikik nghwit (myJ)
41
xU braiy bjhlahf, tYflhakhf bra L jidfis bt bfhzgtfsh Ug ( myJ) Jjkhd k / Jjjid khwfsh gy ehfshf/ thufshf uhf rhjhuzkhf af Koahjt ( myJ) xfis nfgjhfnth, fhfis ghgjhfnth, gHfyhj thridfisnah myJ ahrkhd czf cst nghw mrhjhuzkhd mDgtfis mDggt (myJ) jdF jhnd ngbfhSj, j, btlij KiwJ ghj , mfkhd ga bfhSj, fhuznk yhj elijfis rnjj (myJ) r_f ciuahlnyh, FLgnyh, gnyh, ntiy ghF lnyh myJ bghJthf rKjha tfSF kwtfis ngh xJ nght fod VgL jik. nkny sfglgo xU eg kd nehah ghfgoUjh FpL 6I g bra
F : nghij kUJ gHfF moikahd egfis kdnehah ghfglt vW fUj TlhJ. _is tsikia nghW kdneh wUnj tUtJ my. Mifah gynghl kdnehah ghfglt vtnuD csduh vW nfL bjJ bfhSf. kdnehia fLbfhs vjtifahd nrhjid mtaiy gyngh mF tufis mjgona vLJbfhs ntL. FpL 7 - kwtif khW w (Cd) : nkTat tifgLj Koahj khW wdh xUt ghfgoUF gr, FpL 7 vW ga ntL. k Wf (Autism) vw neh mlF. k Wf (Autism) vgJ uw w nkghL jikia FF. jik ngR rf Mwf Kjikahf ghig VgLJ k Wfjh ghfgl eg jdJ fUJfis btgLlnth kwtfl kW egfl gHfnth ayhjtfshUg. gy ahrkhf xU braiy Ug Ug btgLJ Fzij bfhoUgt, jJ Uf bghUfl msffkhd Ugf bfhL, ga kW Mgij ga jidaW, w jid bjhLtijnah, mizgijnah Ughjtuhf Ug. jifa egf f Tikstfshf Ufyh.
42
thwhd kw Cddh ghfgl egbu FpL v.7I bfhLf. FpL 8 - gytif Cd : gytif khWwdh vgJ unlh myJ mjF nkyhd Cdfis bfhoUgJ vj xU eg khWw tifgoa 1 Kj 7 tiuyhd tiff unlh myJ mjF nkyhditf ghfgoU gyif Cddh ghfgLsh vd fUjgLt. fzbfLFnghJ gytif khWwDstiu f rfyh. mthbu mtfsJ Cdfis vjbthU ghugr mgona g brantL. f ngr nff Koahj egfis fhzTL. jifa egf fhJ nffhjjhjh ngrKoahk Ughf. tfis gytif Cd vw FpL 8I g bra. FpL 9 - khWwdh my : xU cWd vjjkhd khWwid bfhoUfiyba mjhtJ vjjkhd cleyFiwghLf iyba mj cWdUfhd FpL 9 vW g bra ntL.
F xowj uila, X cl uL jiy Mnahiu mir FiwghLf cilat vW fUj ntL. njhL nrJ ntW VjhtJ cl FiwghLs urid Ujh mtf gtif khWwdhf vW fUj ntL. fy 14 - ehgl ah mfeh oUF myJ L L tU gydgLJ ah W neh fhr neh bjhGneh kw neh (FLf) ehgl ah iy FpL 1 FpL 2 FpL 3 FpL 4 FpL 5
43
fy 15 - kj (kj bgaiu KGikahf vGj) j nfF, xbthU FLg cWdU vj il brhwhfnsh mj ilia KGtJkhf xbthU cWdUF g bra ntL. bjfgL giy FJ, f FLg cWdl thj bra TlhJ. cikahf brhygl ilia brhyglthW g bra ntL. y neuf FLg cWd brhY g, eh kj vW fUJ mikF khwhf, mtfSila y, Fy bjt myJ brhj gj tH cs bgafis brhyTL. jifa rjgY kj vgjF sf brhyhk, mtf TWtijna mthnw g brj ntL. mnjngh kjF, jhbkh, ngRw bkh, d, Fo Kjatiw bjhl gL ngRtij jf ntL. gygt kj vW brhtij mthnw g bra. FLg cs midJ cWdfS xnu xU kjij gw ntL vgiy. vdnt j nfia xbthU FLg cWdlK nff ntL. kjij FF nfF cikahd g jugliy vwhY, mtf brhtij kjFa gyhf g bra ntL. fzbfLghs J FJ fzbfL nkghitahsl mJ mt _y rghfyh. vj rjgyhtJ X cWd, mtUF vj kjK iy vW brhY nghJ, kj iy vW g bra ntL.
fy 16 - rh / gHFo- iy (fl FpLfis gYnfwthW ga ntL) boL tFd boL gHFod kwt : : : 1 2 3 4
vj rh / gHFoia rhuhjt :
(boL tFd (SC) J, a kW j kjij rhjtuhfjh UfntL. boL gHFod (ST) vj kjij rhjtuhf Ufyh)
44
j nffhd il 1, 2 myJ 3 v fy 16 rh / gHFod bgaiu KGikahf, bjthf g brj ntL. j nffhd il 4 v fy 17 X vW ga ntL. cWd xUt rh / gHFo iybaW brhdh mjF rh iy vW g bra ntL. 1. kj vJthf UjhY, fy 16 kW 17I midJ egfSF bra ntL. 2. nfia, gygtUnfh myJ FLg cWdfSnfh kd glhjthW f ftdkhf nff ntL. 3. rh / gHFo vW gygt TWtij g gygtlnkh, FLg cWdflnkh, vjjkhd thjY <Llhk, TWtij cikahf mthnw g bra ntL. 4. y neuf FLg cWd TW g rhd c, gHFod c, FLg bga, d nghwtiw rh / gHFo vW TdhY mtiw fshfnt tifgLj Kafhk Taij mthnw g bra ntL. 5. mnjnghy, rh / gHFo kW jhbkh, ngR bkh, bjh, ntiy Kjatiw bjhlgLj vj Ka nkbfhsTlhJ. 6. FLgy cs midJ cWdfS xnu rh / gHFoia nrJ Ufntoa mta iy. nkY FLgjiyt rh / gHFo midJ cWdfSila rh / gHFoahf Uf ntoa mta iy. vdnt nfia FLgYs midJ egflK nfL gantL.
45
7. nffhd giy g brnghJ vjjkhd Mtzij rghf njitiy. Mdh gygt Tay rnjf njhdh mij cf nkghitahsl T rghfyh. 8. cWd xUt rh / gHFo iybaW brhdh mjF vj rh / gHFoia rhuhjt-4 vW g brantL. boL djt : FpL - 1 xbthU khyY mjj gFf tF boL djt goa guhkfgLwJ. xU khy cs boL djt ntW khy Uf thiy. mjdh jeho cs boL djt goa cfSF jugLsJ. Kj FLg cWd boL dij rhjtuh myJ rhuhjtuh vW nfL bjJ bfhs ntL. mt jh bL tFig rhjt vW Tdh mj boL d tF bga vd vW nff ntL. jnghJ cfSila ifUF boL djt goaiy ghf. goa mt brhw bga l bgUjh, fy 15 kj ga tufis rghf. mt jh J, a, j kj vW brhdh kLnk, FpL 1 g bra. F Jf myJ af myJ j kjd jfsJ dij, eifia izJ bfhsyh. xU ntis f boL djt tFig nrjtuh vW nffgL nfF ilF g cfSila goa iybawhnyh myJ mt J, a kW j kjfis ju ntW vj kjij Flhnyh, mt kwt vW fU FpL 3 vd g bragl ntL.
boL gHFod : FpL -2 xU khy / ka M gF UF boL gHFod kw khy / ka M gF Ufkhlhf. vdnt, cfSF jeho cs boL gHFod goa tHfgLsJ. eh fzbfLgjF tHfgl goa cs eg boL gHFoduh vgij rgjgltg Kj cW brJ bfhs ntL. eh fzbfLF eg boL gHFod vd rgjglt bjjh mtUila boL gHFod bgaiu tHfgl goa l bgWsjh vgij cW brJ bfhsntL. goa l bgUjh kLnk FpL-2 vd bfhLf ntL. mj bga boL gHFod goa l bgwiy v kwt vdfU mtfSF FpL-3 g bragl ntL.
46
kwt : FpL -3 nfF, gygt bL tFd / bL gHFod dij rhuhjt vW Tdh, megUF kwtUfhd FpL-3I ga. y kjf rh / gHFo d vd fla Koahj FGf Ufyh. Mdh mnjneu rh / gHFod fuhd gy bgaf milahs fhzToa f cssd. rgjglt mt / mt myJ mtDila / mtSila FLgYs cWdf xU Fl it rhjtf vW mj it jfSila rh / gHFoduhf bjf Udh mtfSila bgafSF vnu fy 16- 3 vd g bra ntL. y neuf fzbfLf ntoa oYs egf rh / gHFod Mait bjahk nghw iy VgL. j ff cfSila tUif nghJ mt / mt FLgdUl Ujh Kj oYs egf rh / gHFod ma Kgl ntL. nkY mtUila rh / gHFo Matiw mJ bfhS Kaf njh Vglh j nfF FpL 3 vd g bra ntL. vj rh / gHFoia rhuhjt : FpL-4 y egf mt / mt myJ mj FLgYstf vj rh / gHFo tFid rhuhjt vd bjjh, j nfF nH 4 vd g brJbfhs ntL. xbthUtUF 1 Kj 4 tiuYs FpLf flha VnjD xiw j nfF gyhf brhUf ntL vgij ja TJ ftJbfhs ntL. rh kW gHFo d tYe FGth tifgLjgL. fy-17, fy 16- FpL 1, 2 myJ 3 vd FfgoUjh rh / gHFod X bga vGj, fy 16 FpL 4 FfgoUjh vd g bra. fy 16- bL tFd (SC), mjhtJ FpL-1 vW g bragl egUF, jehL murh tHfgl bL tFd goay UJ, bL tFd rh bgaiu KGikahf fy 17 g brantL. fy 16- bL gHFod (ST) mjhtJ FpL-2 vW gagl egUF jehL murh tHfgl bL gHFod goa UJ bL gHFod bgaiu, fy 17 g bra ntL. boL tF myJ bL gHFoia rhj xUt bL tF myJ mj c bgaiu Flh mt FL bga cfSF
47
bfhLfgLs goa Ujh kLnk mtiu bL tFd myJ bL gHFoduhf fUjntL. mnjngh nffhd g bghJgilahf A# / # (m) mR / Mth vnw UFkhdh megiu bL tF / bL gHFoia rhjtuhf fUj TlhJ. rjg bL tF, bL gHFod rahd, bgaiu nflJ mbga cfSF bfhLfgLs goa fhzglh kLnk mtiu bL tF (m) bL gHFoia rhjtuhf fUj ntL. xU eg jid A# / mR myJ Mth myJ # vW bghJthd bgauhnyh myJ tF / gHFo cbgauhnyh jh Ff ntL vW gj brj, mtl sf kf bjhif fzbfLF nghJkhdjy vW T mtuJ cikahd bL tF (m) gHFo bgaiu TWkhW nfLbfhsntL. thW TWtJ bL tF myJ bL gHFo cikahd bgaiu mJ bfhs cj. xU eg jid bL tF (m) bL gHFoia rhjt vW Mdh, mtf thG mgFF mfhutkhf mfgLs goa l bgwhkY kW cfSF bfhLfgLs bL tF / bL gHFofhd goa cs vj xU bgaiu rhuhjtuhf Ujh megiu bL tF myJ bL gHFoia rhjtuhf fUj TlhJ. eg bL tF kW bL gHFoia rhuhjtuhf UJ, mtUF fy 16 kwtfSfhd FpL 3 vd g brUjh, nfbfnu rh / gHFo bgaiu gygt TathW g br. y kjf rh / gHFo d vd fla Koahj FGf Ufyh. Mdh mnj neu, rh / gHFodF fuhd gy bgaf milahs fhzToa f csd. rgjglt mt / mt myJ mtDila / mtSila FLgYs cWdf xU Fl it rhjtf vW mj it jfSila rh /gHFodkhf bjf Udh, mtfSila bgaUF vnu nf 17 mtf TathW rh / gHFo bgaiu g bra. fy 16 3 vw FpL bfhLfgoUj egUF gygt mj egUila rh / gHFo bga bjaiy vW Tdh, nf 17 bjaiy vW ga. fy 16 vj rh / gHFo rhuhjt mjhtJ FpL-4 vd g bragl egUF fy 17 X vW g bra. khtU r_f NH, rh myJ gHFoia tiuaWgJ fodkhd xW. nffhd giy FLg cWd brhy KgLnghJ mtUila d, rh, Fy, FLg bga, Fybjtbga nghw gytiw gyfyh, mtiw tifgLjnth myJ fnth Kaf TlhJ. nf nehf, gygt TW bgaiu mt Tagona g brtnj MF.
48
nf r_f - bghUshjhu kW rh fzbfL - 2011 - nf mltiz - efu sh - E : FLgfhd tuf Side - B

-1 L / tl
tF miw TiuF ujhdkhf gadgLjgl fLkhd bghUs (FpL v) j o cik iy (1.brhjkhd, 2. thlif, 3. gF, 4.ntiy mgtUl tgt, 5. ntiy mgt bfhLF oy tgt , 6. ju tif
-2 trfs
-3 FLgF fl brhJf csdth? (FpL bfhLf)
FLg unafkhf ftiw gadgLJwjh (1.M, 2.yiy)
j oF unafkhf cs thG miw vif (0,1,2,3 .. vd g bra)
f btnaw iz (1._oa tofhy, 2.wj tofhy, 3.tofhy iz yiy
bjhiyng / ifng cssjh(M : bjhiyng kL - 1, ifng kL-2, uL-3, vJ yiy-4 )
f / kof csjh? (M : iza trl-1, iza tr yyhk-2, vJ yiy-3)
tF miw RtUF ujhdkhf gadgLjgl fLkhd bghUs (FpL v)
sF xfhd ujhd vbghU 1.d iz, 2.kbzbza, 3.Na r, 4.ju vbza , 5.kwwit 6. sF tr yiy
Fgjd bgo (Refrigerator) cssjh (1.M, 2.yiy)
au thfd csjh? (1.Urfu, 2.KdW rfu, 3.ehdF rfu, 4. vJ yiy)

13
Frhjdbgo (AC) csjh? (1.M, 2.yiy)

14
FLg rikaYbfW j miw gagLwjh? (1-M, 2-iy)
Fo tr ilF l 1. od csns, 2.od mUy, 3. bjhiyy
10
11
12
15
sh -E - fhd FpL :
fy v 1 : tF miw RtUF ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU 1. /Xiy/_ nghwit 2. sho/gh 3. k/Rlhj brf 4. ku 5. rglhj f Rt 6. rgl f Rt 7. .I cnyhf / Mbglh jfLf 8. Rl brf 9. fh 0. ju tif fy v 2 : tF miw TiuF ujhdkhf gagLjgl bghU 1. /Xiy/_/ku/k nghwit 2. sho/gh 3. ifah jahfgL XLf 4. au cg XLf 5. Rl brf 6. f 7. fgyif 8. .I cnyhf/ Mbglh jfLf 9. fh 0. ju tif
sh - F: :
flha cWbkh fzbfL Kojl fzbfLghs nH FlgLs nffis gygtl nff ntL. 1. kj kW rh / gHFo ga tuf ju kw tufis bghJ btpL bra FLg cWdf xj mJsduh? ( M -1 , iy -2) 2. gygt bfhLj jftfis fzbfLghs xJ bfhwhuh? (M -1 , iy -2) 3. sh F nfF iy v thd fhuz bfhLf (100 vGJfSF fhk)
49
JitF au csjh? (1.M, 2.yiy)
I FoU jikf (nf 1 - 4) j gF (nff 1 Kj 4 tiu) nffgL nff ah FLg FoUf gagLJ FoUig Fnj UF. nffis lw FLgfSF (Houseless-households) nff TlhJ, njit iy. fy - 1 : tF miw Rtuhf ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU Rt mikf bgUghY gagLjgl fLkhd bghU Fj gYF 1 Kj 9 kW 0 tiuyhd FpLf got fil csd. Rt myJ jL mikf bgUghY gagLjgl bghUis j 1 Kj 9 kW 0 Fpil bfhL g brj ntL. FpLf 1 Kj 5 tiu FF bghUf iyj jik mw bghUfisna Fgjhf mik. FpLf 6 Kj 9 tiu cs bghUf oJ iyF jikilajhf mik. bgUghY Rt fyit myJ tz rgoUjh, Rt vGg gagLjgl bghU vd vgij fLzu ayhJ. jifa rjgf gygtl bjthf nflJ, mjfhd jFj Fpil g bra ntL. cjhuzkhf, k myJ Rlhj brfdh Rt mikfgoUJ, bk myJ tz bfhL rgoUjh FpL 3 myJ 8 vd g brtJ vg uk Vglyh. ij nghW ffis mL Rt vGggoUfyh. mLfgl ff Rzh myJ bk bfhL xWl xW izfgliybawh FpL 5 vd g bragl ntL. ffsh mikfgl Rt, Rzh myJ bk fyit bfhL ewhf flgoUjh FpL 6 vW g bra ntL. kudh Rt mikfgoUjh FpL 4 vW g bra ntL. is kW ikfh xlgl gyiff bfhL Rt mikfgoUjhY FpL 4 vnw g bragl ntL. FoU gF Rt bk ffsh flgoUjh mjF FpL 8 vW g bra ntL. xUntis gygt Rt fl gagLjgl fLkhd bghU Fj tu bjaiybad bjjhnyh myJ, fghitah ghJ bjJ bfhs ayhj iy UF nghnjh FpL 0 vW ga ntL. jF ju w bghUf vW bghUgL. bghJthf FoU miw Rt mikf ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU vJ vgij mJ mjFa Fpil g bra ntL. F : tlHF kW kiy gFf cs tlf flgl Rt gh bk fh kW gh _ kW k fyit fhzgL. tifahd Rtf nkfl gFf rhjhuzkhf fhzgL, Mdh iyahdjhf UF. iy jft bjgtl L fLkhdF gagLjgLs bghUf bkhj, ujhdkhf, iyahd jiks fLkhd bghUf tu bjJ rahd FpL mjhtJ 9I bfhLf ntL.
sh - E
50
fy: 1 miw Rt ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU (FpL v) FpL bghU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 /itnfh/ _ sho/gh k, Rlglhj brf ku rglhj f Rt rgl f Rt U / cnyhf / feh Rl brf fh juit
fy -2 : tF miw Tiuahf, ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU Tiu fLkhd bghU vJbtW flJ g bra 1 Kj 9 kW 0 Ma FpL vf mltiz gF bfhLfgLsJ. Tiu ujhd fLkhd bghU vJbtW cW brj mjfhd Fpbliz fy Ff. TiuahdJ ujhdkhf Rl brff MatWl okhd bghUshf k myJ bk myJ Rzh fyit bfhL flgoUjh j ujhd fLkhd bghU k myJ bk myJ Rzh MfhJ. Mfnt F Tiufhd fLkhd bghU Rl brf myJ f. vJ bghUJnkh mJnt MF. Vbd brf myJ f Tiuahf dgLsJ. Tiu fLkhd bghU (Shingle) vw bghUshf Ujh J fgyif (Slate) xW vW fU mjF 7 vw FpL v bfhLf ntL. Tiu fLkhd bghU vJ vgij khf Tiu nkgFF gagLjgLs fLkhd bghU mjhtJ Mfha nehs jg btgij jhF bghUisna fz bfhs ntL. Tiu gFia my. xWF nkgl jsfisila gykho fllf J f KakhdjhF. cjhuzkhf kiygFf jiujs TiuahdJ kujh flgoUF. Mdh jg btgij jhF Mfha nehs gF fh Mf UF. rjg mj fll mikJs brr Lf Tiu fLkhd bghU fh vW fUjgl ntL. y rkaf KG L fh Tiuia bfhoUF. UD mnf jfhf fLkhdf Xiyia Tiuahf bfhL flgL Ufyh. jifa Niy Tiu fLkhd Xiyah flgoUjhY jgbtgij jhF nkgF XiybawhY Tl, Tiu fLkhd bghUshf nf fhiljh vLJbfhs ntL. Fpbl 4 aujh jahfgl XLf vgJ ifah jahfglhk
51
au bfhL jahfgL Tiu fLkhd bghUshf gagLjgL midJ tif XLfS MF. ifah jahfgL XLf eho btntW gFf btntW bgafisbfhoUF. TiuahdJ bk xLfsh mikfgoUjh mjF 4 vw Fpbliz bfhLf.
fy:2 tF miw Tiu ujhdkhf gagLjgl bghU (FpL v)
FpL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 sho/gh ifid XL au cg XL Rl brf f fgyif
bghU /itnfh/ _/ ku / k Kjad
U / cnyhf / feh fh juit
fy 3 :- FoU cik iy FoU cikiy Fj tuij bjJ g bra ntL. FoUgtUF brhjkhd L vwh FpL 1 vW, thlif L vwh FpL 2 vW, xF nkgl FLgf gJ bfhl iy FpL 3 vd ntiy mgtUl tjh FpL 4 vd, ntiy mgt bfhLF o tjh FpL 5 vd juit vwh FpL 6 vW g bra ntL. juit vgJ thlifna yhj FoU myJ gagLjglhk lgl o FoUJ tUtJ Mait mlF. brhj L : FpL - 1 brr o cik iyia j fy Ff ntL. xU FLg jdF brhjkhd o ntW vtUF thlif vW vJ juhk tJ tjh, mj FLg brhjkhd o tgjhf fUjgL. xU FLg xU onyh myJ mLFkho fol, xU jL onyh (Flat) brhj vw mogil mjfhd jtizf brYbfhL tF FLgij vyh jtizfis brYjhlhY Tl brhj o tgjhf fUj ntL. iyf j fy 1 vd vGj. thlif L : FpL - 2 xU FLg thlif o tFkh fy 2 vd vGj. xU oF m FoUgt gzkhfnth myJ bghUshfnth thlif bfhLjhnyh
52
myJ gz bfhLgjhf xgj brJbfhlhnyh mj L thlif L vd vLJbfhs ntL. y rka FLg jh FoUF il thlifF vLJ Mdh L cikahsl rru myJ ntW fhuzdh thlif bfhLfhkUjhY FoUgt thlif o FoUgtuhfjh fUj ntL. ntiy mgtuh thlifF bfhLfgL muR FoU kWmij nghw FoUf FoUgtUF FpL v 2 bfhLf.
gF : FpL - 3 brr o cik iy xWF nkgl FLgfSF UFkhdh (cjhuzkhf xU TLFLg Ukzkhd uL rnfhjf jj FLgkhf tJ tJ cik iy UtUF UgJ myJ Ukzkhd kf jdJ bgnwhUl tJ tJ j FLgkhf UgJ) j tifahd FLgfSfhd cik iy FpL -3 MF. ntiy mgtUl tgt : FpL - 4 mFLgkhdJ ntiy mgtUl mtUila tshfnyna tJ tjh FpL - 4 vd ga ntiy mgt bfhLF o tgt : FpL - 5 FLg ntiy mgt brr o jUJ thlif vJ bfhLfiy v FpL -5 ga. ntiy mgt jl ntiy brgtUF thlif yhk jFtjF l mgJ mlF. ju tif : FpL - 6 fzbfLfgL FLg, nkFl 5 tifahd iyY tifgLj Koaiy v FpL 6 bfhLf. Mufgl y Kiwyhk flgl Lf, kW ghHilj folf, Fif kW mJnghw aif flf FoUgtfS mlFt. fy - 4 : FLgbfd cgnahf cs tF miwf vif (0,1,2,3 vd ga) j fy mj FLgF kLnk gagL, tF miwf vifia vGj. xU o gy FLgf tJ tjh (Mdh jj
53
rika miwl) xU FLgF kLnk cs tF miwfis khu fz vLJbfhs ntL. kW xU tF miwahdJ xWF nkgl Lfis bfhoUjh, mFLg jnghJ tF o miwfis kLnk vLJbfhs ntL. thwhf tF miwf vifia 0,1,2,3,4,........... vW ga ntL. tF miw tgjfhd xU miw vgJ EiHthYl Rtf kW Tiul xU eg gLf nghJkhd s mfyf cilaJ, mjhtJ tFmiw vgjF Fiwjgr ms ilahJ. xU FLg cwFtjF ujhdkhf gagLJ miwna tF miwahF. tF miw vg gLif miw, cztUJ miw, tunt miw, goF miw, gahsf miw kW HfYs miwf, miwfSbfW tFfgl msnfhYnfg Ujh mitah tF miw vw fz mlF, rika miw, Fayiw, ftiw rhkhf miw, eilghij kW tuhlh nghw tf gagLj Koahj itfis tF miwf nrf TlhJ. xU miw cwFtjF, bghU ghJfhgjF cfhUtjF, rhLtjF kW rikgjF Mf gy cgnahffSF gagLnkahdh mij miwahf vLJbfhs. Mdh fh WJl myJ ntiyahf FoU Mat ntiyahf jFLgkhf tJ tjh mj miwia ntiyahf FLgfhd tF miwahf fUj ntL. xU L FoU kW ntW gaghoF gagLjglh FoU myhj kw;w gad;ghl;bw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; miwia, tF miwahf gaTlhJ. kbwhU Niy o xnu xU miw kL UJ, mj miw fil myJ mYtyfkhf gagLjgL Mdh xU FLg m tjh gf B, fy 4 0 vd ga kf tfToa T totkhf Foirf myJ Tlhufis xUt vbfhsTL. j khahd tHfF khwhd FoUf miwF ehF Rtf UfhJ. Mifah nkfl brr ofhd sff foghf jifa folfSF bghUjhJ, cik T tot Foir myJ Tlhu Tiuna Rtuhf gagL iy jiuia bjhlthW UF. j iyf Foir myJ Tlhuij xU miwahf fUj. xU tFmiwahdJ, xWF nkgl FLgf cgnahf Ujh mij vj FLg fzY vLJbfhsTlhJ. mjhtJ xU FLgF kLnk cs tF miwfis khu fz vLJbfhs ntL. cjhuzkhf uL FLgf, o cs xnu xU miwia gJbfhlh vj xU FLgF unafkhf tF miw VJ iy. Mjyh xbthU FLgF fy 0 vd Ff. uL FLgf xbthW xU j tF miwia gagLbfhL, nkY mj FLgf bdhU tF miwia gJbfhlh mj bghJthd miwia vj xU FLgF nrJbfhsTlhJ.
54
- I L / tl L Rt mikf bgUghY gagLjgl fLkhd bghU (Fpil g brf) 1 3 L Tiu mikf bgUghY gagLj gl bghU o brhJik 1. brhj L 2. thlif 3. juit FoUf unafkhf gagLjgL FoU miwf vif (0,1,2,3 vW g brf) 4 3
2 3
3 1
KJ vgt _W FoU miw cila il itJsh. mtuJ LRt k kW Rlhj brffshY o Tiu ifah bragl XLfshY MdJ. fy: 1 miw Rt ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU (FpL v) fy:2 tF miw Tiu ujhdkhf gagLjgl bghU (FpL v)
FpL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
bghU
/itnfh/ _ sho/gh k, Rlglhj brf ku rglhj f Rt rgl f Rt U / cnyhf / feh Rl brf fh juit
FpL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
bghU
/itnfh/ _/ ku / k Kjad sho/gh ifid XL au cg XL Rl brf f fgyif U / cnyhf / feh fh juit
- 2
(nfs FLgfhd trf (nfs 5-9) thdJ (nf 5-9) FLgfhd trfis FLwJ. fy 5 : Fo ilgjfhd Mjhuf Fo Mjhufis fl FpL v Ff LDns : FpL - 1: Fo Mjhu oD Ujhnyh myJ FLg tF tshfDns Ujhnyh Fo Mjhufhd FpL 1 bfhLf.
55
o mU : FpL - 2: efgF, fzbfLFgl FoU tshfUJ 100 lUF Fo iljh kLnk, Fo Mjhu FoU mUnyna ilwJ vW vLJbfhs ntL. mthbw FpL 2 bfhLf. bjhiy : FpL - 3: efugFf thG FLgfSF Fo Mjhu FoU tshfUJ 100 lUF nkgl u Ujh Fo Mjhu bjhiy csjhf vLJbfhs ntL. FpL 3 bfhLf. fy 6 : sF xfhd ujhd vbghU sF xfhd ujhd vbghUSF fl Fpil bfhLf 1. rhu 2. kbzbz 3. Na r 4. ju vbz 5. kwit 6. sF tr iy. sF vgjfhf gagLjgL Ka Mjhuij flJ mjFa Fpbliz mf ntL. sbfgjfhd Mjhu rhukhdh mJ rlKiwgo myJ rl Kiwgo yhk UjhY mjF FpL v1-I bfhLf. FpL v 4 vgJ sF vf gagL rika vbz kW rikaYF gaglhj vbz Mait MF. jf Koahj Niy FLg snfw vj Mjhuid gagLjiy v FpL v 6I bfhLf. gagLJwjh? fy 7 : FLg unahfkhf ftiw gagLJwjh ghR kW j CW ftiwf fzbfLfgL FLgbfd unafkhf Ujh mij FlthW Ff ntL. 1 - M 2 - iy. ghR _oa ftiw ghR _oa ftiw vgJ, ffis kjfsh mfwhk f / kyid C jiufo brY mfWtJ MF. fy 8 : f btnaw iz FpL viz flthW Fl 1 - _oa tofh 2 - wj tofh 3 - tofh iz iy _oa tofh iz : FpL -1 tF FLgf btnaW fiubfhL brtjF mj btFHh _oa tofhYl izfgoUjh mj L _oa f fhth izfgLsJ vgij FF.
56
wjbt tofh iz : FpL -2 tF FLgf btnaW f wjbt f fhth izfgLsJ vgjid FF. tofh iz iy: FpL -3 xU o f Kiwahf bfhL bry mj btFHh vj f mikY izfglhkUjh mij f fhth iy vw tif Ff ntL. fy 9 : FLg rikaYbfW xU j miw gagLJwjh? rikgjbfd j miw unahfkhf UJ, mJ ntW FLgJlD gJ bfhsglhk Ujh FLgF FpL 1 vd iyba FpL 2 vd Fl ntL.
- 3
brhJf (nf 10-15) xU FLg brhJf ga jftfis nrfgjhF tfhof, nrfgl ntoait FLgd jahfnth / gfhfnth myJ Tlhfnth cs brhJf (vLJfhL xU TLFLg Ukzkhd uL rnfhjuf jahf thjh jj FLg vd vLJbfhsgL. Mdh mtf Ut cik ehF rfu thfd xW Ujh, mJ U FLgd jjahd brhjhf fy 13 g bra ntL brhJ fl / jtiz Kiw thfgL Mdh FLgF brhjkhdjhf UjhY brhjhf gagl ntL. grhf mFLgjh bgwgl brhJ flj xU Mo, VjhtJ xU jUz gagLbfhs jftif Uj myJ UJ bfhoUF brhJ (fzbfL nghJ gagLjglhj iy UjhY) nrfTlhjit xU r_fF brhjkhd brhJ nrfTlhJ. flj XuhL fhykhf xU KiwTl braglhj brhJf F : brh vifia FlTlhJ - xU FLgd (midJ cWdfS nrJ) goalgl brhJf, mFLgF brhjkhditf nghw tuij bjJbfhtjF kLnk. FpLf tu MW tifahd goalgl brhJf tufis FpLfSl brantL. xU FLgdUF brhjkhf cs btntW tifahd brhJf, nH tfgLsgo FpLf bfhLfglntL.
57
fy v 10
brhJ Fgjd bgo (Refrigirator)
sff rhujh aF Fgjd bgof, TLjyhd fjf, bjhEg (gfo flhjJ) ms nghw tuf vLJbfhsgl ntL. bjhiyng (ifal myJ ifal myhjit) ifng kL GSM, CDMA, WLL ( fyhj c izl nrfglJ) myJ 3 miyngf. J Kgz brYjgLtJ myJ d brYjgljhf Ufyh. f (jeg f myJ kof) vj xU uh myJ flikghf Ufyh) uL rfu thfdnkhlh ir, Tljha fy afToa U rfu thfd Kjad_W rfu thfd: Mnlh h, (u, nk (Magic) V ngh) VnjD _W rfu thfd) nf / bgnuh / Or / nglah aFtJl kwit)ehF rfu thfdfhf, a ntf, a nf, a ou (ehF rfu) ou kW ju tif F rhjdbgo vj jah myJ vj tifahdhY J JitF au vj jah myJ vj tifahdhY
11
bjhiyng / ifngM1 bjhiyng kL 2- ifng kL 3- uL 4- iy f / kofM 1. izajs trl-1 2. izajs tr yhjJ-2 3. iy-3 nkhlh izfgl thfdf. M 1. uL rfu. 2. _W rfu 3. ehF rfu 4. iy
12
13
14
F rhjdbgo (AC) 1- M 2- iy JitF au 1- M 2- iy
15
58
sh F : cWbkh FLgfhd tuf nrfjd fzbfLghs fl nffis, gygtl nff ntL. kj kW rh / gHFo ga tufis ju kw tufis bghJ btpL bra FLg xjiy mJsduh (1-M, 2-iy) jFj FpL v 1 -M, 2-iy ga. d gygt bfhLj jftfis fzbfLghs xJbfhwhuh? vgjF ca FpL viz fzbfLghs g brantL. gygt bfhLj jftfis fzbfLghs xJbfhwhuh? (1-M, 2-iy) nffhd g iy v sh-F, nf 3 thd fhuzij 100 vGJfSF fhk bfhLf.
iz - I fzbfLghsUF, fzbfLF njitahd bghUf goa m) midJ bghUfis vLJ brtjfhd Jig
M) r_f bghUshjhu kW rhth fzbfLfhd, fzbfLgtuh nffglntoa nff mla efu mltizf eff. ) <) c) khy / khtl bL tFd kW gHFod guf mla goa iffia itJbfhs A4 ms mil xif L vGJtjF ey iy cs gJKid ngdh (b# ngdh myhjJ)
C) tz rhfo-1 bgo (FoU v vGj) v) V) I) ik x-1 (ifehL bgw njitglh) a CWt (Marker Pen) fol v myJ brr / L v FLtjF fzbfL Kojij bjF milahs xo (Stickers) r_f kW bghUshjhu rhth fzbfL fzbfLghsUF 150 vifs milahs xof tHfgL. Vg xif Lf. fzbfLghsuJ RUf.
x) X)
59
r_f bghUshjhu kW rhth fzbfL fzbfLghsuJ RUf (xbthU fzbfL sh myJ r sh fzbfL Kowl tuf fzbfLghsuh mjj fbgh ika jahfglntL)
m) mikl tu khy bga ................................. FpL v tl ................................................................................................................... efu bga .................................................................................................................................................. thL FpL fzbfL sh bga ............................. FpL v M) fsg Ma ehf ) FLg tuf
nja kf bjhif fzbfL (NPR) mltiz UJ vLfl fzbfL sh / r sh Flgl nfhL glf / tuf AHL 2 Mdh fLof Koahj / jSgo brj glf bkhj FLgf vif AHL go FLg bkhj cWd
khtl bga
FpL FpL FpL
rsh FpL tUl Ko eh khj tUl
Mug
eh
khj
r_f bghUshjhu kW rhth fzbfL fzbfLfglit L lgLs / fhahf cs / btnaa FLgf Kjad fhuzkhf fzbfLfglhj FLgf
AHL 4
AHL 3d
fy 2 Flgl FLgfUJ vLfglit
fy 3, 4, 5 cs FlgLs FLgf
a FLgf
bkhj
10
11
<) jeg tuf r_f bghUshjhh a egf kW rhth nrfglJ bkhj kfsbjhif fzbfL gFF jhf tjtf fzbfL gFF UJ btnaatf
j eg tu
ilf bgwit
wj t f
bkhj g
rhjhuz FLgf kf bjhif iya FLgf kf bjhif lw FLgf kf bjhif fzbfL sh / r sh bkhj kf bjhif c) tHfgl xif Lf : jf fLf v(f) ................................... L v. ................................. C) rghfglJ kW rna vW maglJ nkghitahs ifbahg njl : nkghitahs bga : fzbfLghs ifbahg njl : fzbfLghs bga : nkghitahs xif Uk / U ...................................................................... mtfsh r_f bghUshjhu kW rhth fzbfL ga tuf fzbfL fl fzbfL sh / r shFf fzbfL KofgL mj tuf if f _y rt gagLsJ vd rhwfgLwJ. tl ..................................................................................................................................................................................... FpL efu bga ..................................................................... FpL v fzbfL sh ................................................................FpL v nkghitahs ifbahgg njl....................................... thL FpL r sh .............FpL nkghitahs bga...............................................................
60
iz - II r_f bghUshjhu kW rh th fzbfL -2011fhd mogil tKiwf 1. 2. 3. midJ f braghLfS milahs FpL (Login ID) kW fl brh (Password) Kiw mik. khy Kj L goa sh tiuyhd midJ mikl FpLfS Vfdnt jiyik f (Server), g bragoUF. xU bghW cs midJ L goa shFfSfhd nja kf bjhif gnto (NPR) cs, midJ tufS Vfdnt jiyik f g bragoUF. midJ tufS JPEG Kiwikahf khwgL UF. bghGJ f L goa shUJ FLgfSfhd tufis njbjLfntL mt fl tufis Lgoa RUfUJ g bra ntL.
4. 5.
m) efu mogil, FpLf / gf / bjhFf rtu bghUjhj rka mtiw Uj brtJ kLkyhk, mtiw tu bjhF Log g brl ntL. M) bghW gntoUJ, Foir gF Fpil j r sh ga (FpL mffgl efufSF kL) ) Lgoa RUf -2 fy 6- cs, FLg viz xUizJ FLg jiyt bganuhL rghf. jbghGJ cs FLgF Lgoa cs FLg jiyt bgaU, nja kf bjhif gnto cs FLg jiyt bganuh myJ VjhtJ xU FLg eg bganuh xJ UfntL. mthW iyba mj a tuf, tu bjhF ga ntL. <) L goa RUfDila nkgf / -1 / -2 nk gF cs fzbfL sh v kW r-sh viz g bra ntL. c) Lgoa RUfDila 2 myJ -3 fy 8 myJ 4 fy 6 cs, FLg bjhl viz iyikF VwthW g bra ntL. C) L goa RUf -3 / -4 cs mfgr FLgbjhl viz tu bjhF cs xbthU fzbfL sh kW r-sh ga ntL vgij cW brJ bfhSf. Lgoa RUf 2 cs FLgfSF kLnk gf UF, khahd gf 3 kW 4 cs FLgfSF UfhJ.
61
v) nkny goalgl midJ tufS, Lgoa sh cs midJ FLgfSF g bragL UwJ vgij cW brJ bfhs ntL. V) xbthU fzbfLghs sh / r-sh vts FLgf csJ vw tuij nrff ntL. I) xU rka iff xU fzbfL sh / r-sh ga tuf kLnk Uw tif ghJ bfhs ntL. MAC yhrij fzbfLghs, f aFgt milahs v(ID)Ql if f cs tu bjhF g brJ, mj fzbfL sh gl tuf (JPEG Image), mltiz (Index) bjhF (Directory) Kjatiw f g brantL. 6. a if f gf cL brnghJ milahs v (ID) kW fl brh (Password) Kiwnyna mik cL bragL mikl jftfis mogilahf bfhL efw fzbfL nf mltiz iu njhW. Fl fzbfL sh / r-shF njitahd midJ tufS if f gagoUF. fsgnghJ fltjF rghgjF, L goa sh izfglhj tufS if fy cL bragoUF. milahs viz, fl brhiy, if f gjh, if fahdJ Lgoa RUf mogil gagl / njbjLfgl ntoa FLg tir viz fhF. VnjD FHg VgLkh f aFgt, mj fzbfL sh / rshDila kw Lf tuij fhz aY. if f cL bragl FLg bjhl viz bghWJ, tunkh myJ a iunah njhWtJ Lgoa RUf 2 3 myJ 4 vgij bghWJ mik. kf bjhif fzbfL Koj d, VjhtJ xU a FLg tUjh fzbfLghs mj FLgF a bjhl viz bfhLf ntL. j a v vgJ j fzbfL sh / r-sh cs FLgf bjhFfgl mf gr vF mLj vzhf Uj ntL. filahf tHfgl vQl xiw To a FLgwF, FLg tir v bfhLfntL. jnghija iy a FLg v, mj fzbfL sh kW r-sh, mfgr vzhf mik. xUntis ulhf j FLg mnj gF Ujh, nj Kiwfis filoJ a v ju ntL. jKs tuf tU tiugl bfhLfgLsJ.
7.
8.
62
iz -III
r_f bghUshjhu kW rh fzbfL tuf fsUJ neuoahf g brtjfhd sf tiugl

JtFf
cL-1
NPR - go g - L goa sh tir
cL-2: NPR -UJ vLfgl L goa sh mikl FpL
BEL bkbghUis gagL gl sffiskhtl thahf glto JPEG khWf.
vLfgl midJ gl tufis Xnu uhd FLg bjhl vfshf goaLf.
if f cL bragLs L goa RUf gF 2,3,4 Matiw fzbfL sh/r-sh tufis rghf ntzL.
63
iz - III bjhl
FLg tir vgo njitgL FLgfis x xwhf nj bra
iy
Vfdnt g Ujh
M
Lgoa RUf j FoUfhd viz rghJ iyba xUntis a lhfnth a FoUghfnth UF gr tufS gl tufS ajhf ga ntL nj bragl FLg cWdf midt bgafS xw xwhf efU, njitahdtF ca tufis g bra ntL
L goa RUf njl mF Ujh mij ef vLf a L vwh tufis ga ntL
lbgaJ / wJ nghd / yhj FLg cWd tufis ehsJ nj tiu rbra aY
gl tu bga fhzglhj a cWdiu midJ tufSl nrJ bfhs aY
xU o W j gl sf bj brtjfhf njhwhJ
VjhtJ L LgL Uwjh?
iy if f cs tuij ka bjhFF khL, mjid rghJ if f cs tu / tu nfhfis l ntL
64
iz - IV
r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjpf; fzf;nfLg;gpy; fzf;nfLg;ghshpd; gzp kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs;;

fzf;nfLg;ghsuhf ePq;fs; nra;atpUf;fpd;w gzpahdJ Njrpa mstpy; kpfTk; Kf;;fpaj;Jk; tha;e;j gzpahFk;. mNj rkaj;jpy; kpFe;j nghWg;Gld; ,g;gzpia Mw;wpl Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gzpapy; cq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gLk; midj;J NtiyfisAk; kpFe;j nghWg;GlDk;, <Lghl;LlDk; nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. fzf;nfLg;gpid Jtf;Ftjw;F Kd;dh; jq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; tajhd kw;Wk; Kf;fpa egh;fis re;jpj;J cq;fsJ tUifapd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp njhptpj;J mg;gFjpapy; cs;sth;fNshL R%fkhd njhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cq; f Sf; n fd; W epakdf; fbjKk; milahs ml; i lAk; toq; f g; g l; L s; s J. fzf;nfLg;gpw;F nry;Yk; nghOJ jtwhky; cq;fsJ milahs ml;ilapid fhZk; tifapy; njhq;ftpl Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gj;ij fzf;fPL nra;Ak; nghOJ Nfs;tpfis Nfl;gjpy; mtruk; fhl;l $lhJ. gjpy; mspg;gtiu vg;nghOJk; Gd;difAlDk; chpa khpahijAlDk; vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cq;fsJ el;ghd Njhw;wKk; khpahij fye;j mZFKiwAk; RUf;fkhd njspthd mwpKf thh;j;ijfSk; gjpyspf;f cs;sthplk; xU Mh;tj;ijAk; ey;y kdepiyiaAk; cUthf;FtNjhL tpUg;gj;Jld; rhpahd gjpypid njhptpg;gjw;F toptFf;Fk;. Nkw;fz;l mZFKiwapdhy; cq;fsJ gzpahdJ vspjhtNjhL re;Njh\khdjhfTk; gaDs;sjhfTk; mikAk;. ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy>; midj;J fl;llq;fs;> tPLfs;> FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; egh;fis tpLglhky; fzf;nfLg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jq;fsJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;s midj;J tPLfs; kw;Wk; fl;llq;fis fz;lwptNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> tPby;yh egh;fs; trpf;Fk; ,;lq;fisAk; fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. vdNt jq;fSf;F xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;if KOtJk; Rw;wpg;ghh;j;J me;j KO gug;gpidAk; Kf;fpa milahsq;fs; gw;wpAk; njspthf mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fzf;nfLg;G gzp Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;dh;> gzpapd; NghJ kw;Wk; gzpKbTw;w gpd;G> vd;w epiyfspy; fzf;nfLg;ghsh; nra;a Ntz;ba Kf;fpa gzpfs; gpd;tUkhW. fzf;nfLg;;gpw;F Kd;dh; : (i) gapw;rp tFg;Gfspy; fye;Jnfhz;L fzf;nfLg;G ml;ltiz kw;Wk; gapw;rp ifNal;bid gbj;J mjpy; re;Njfk; ,Ug;gpd; cq;fSila gapw;Wdiu Nfl;L epth;jjp ; nra;J nfhs;sTk;. (ii) fzf;nfLg;gpw;F Njitahd ,izg;G 1-y; fz;l midj;J nghUl;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; gapw;rp Kbe;J nry;tjw;F Kd;djhf ekJ khepyj;jpy; trpf;Fk; bL tFd kw;Wk; boyL gHFod gl;baiy ngwTk;. fzf;nfLg;gpd; NghJ : (i) tPlLg;gl;baypd; RUf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cq;fSf;F xJf;fL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s ; P fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpid Rw;wpte;J mjd; vy;iyapidAk; Kf;fpa milahsq;fisAk; ; fz;lwpaTk;.
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(ii) cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;;fhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpid rhpghh;j;J rhpghh;f;fTk;. (iii) xt;nthU tPlilAk; tpLglhky; fzf;nfLg;G nra;J tptuq;fis rhpahfTk; ; KOikahfTk; if fzpdpapy; cs;sPL nra;aTk;. (iv) fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghNj, tPl;Lg;gl;baypd; gphpTfs; 2 kw;Wk; 3 I tPl;Lg; gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpid rhpnra;jy; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghL nra;jy; rk;ge;jkhf Vw;fdNt toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mwpTiufis gpd;gw;wp rhpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. (FLk;gk; kw;Wk; nrd;r]; tPL gad;ghL tptuq;fs>; fzf;nfLg;G ehspd; epiyg;gb jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;) ,j;Jld; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fj;jpd; gphpTfs; 2 kw;Wk; 3y; ,lk;ngwhj FLk;gq;fs;> fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; nrd;r]; tPLfis fz;lwpe;J gphpT 3-y; rptg;G Nfhl;bw;F fPo; gjpTfs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (v) tPby;yhj FLk;gq;fis mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l ehl;fspy; fzf;fPL nra;J gphpT 4y; Vw;fdNt nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fspy; chpa jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sTk;. Gjpa FLk;gq;fis Gjpa ,lq;fspy; fz;lwpAk; gl;rj;jpy; mjd;tptuq;fis rptg;G Nfhl;bw;F fPo; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;nrhd;dthW Gjpajhf fs Ma;tpy; fz;lwpag;gl;L fzf;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba> midj;J tifahd FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; Gjpa njhlh; vz;fs; if fzpdpapy; fUtpapy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;L mj;njhlh; vz;fs; gphpT 3 kw;Wk; 4y; me;j me;j FLk;gthpirapy; (gphpT 3y;fyk; 8 gphpT 4y; fyk; 6) gjpag;glNtz;Lk;. ,j;njhlh; vz; ,g;gl;baypy; cs;s mjpfgl;r vz;iztpl nghpajhf mikAk; fzf;nfLg;gpw;F gpd;dh; : (i) fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fl;gl;l fl;llq;fs;> nrd;r]; tPLfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs; ; midj;Jk; ghh;itaplg;gl;L if fzpdpapy; tptuq;fs; cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;lTld; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; RUf;fk; rhpghh;j;J rhpghh;f;fg;gl;lij cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. (ii) fzf;nfLg;ghsh; RUf;fk; jahh; nra;ag;gLtjw;F Njitahd working sheet rhjhuz> epiya> tPlw;w FLk;gq;fs; thhpahf %d;W jdpj;jdp ,dq;fshf jahh; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. (iii) fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf fzf;nfLg;ghsh; RUf;fk; ; ,uz;L efy;fspy; jahh; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd gbtk; ,f;ifNal;by; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (iv)fzf;nfLg;G KOikahf Kbf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd rhd;wpjo;> gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj xg;Gifr;rPl;Lfl;Lfs; kw;Wk; fzf;nfLg;gpw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs; (gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhjJ) Kjypa midj;Jk>; cq;fsJ Nkw;ghh;itahshplk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
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,izg;G V fl;llq;fSf;F /nrd;r]; tPLfSf;F ,yf;fkpLtjw;fhd topKiwfs; nrd; nrd;r]; fzf;nfLg;gpy; tPl;byf;f KiwahdJ cq;fSila fzf;nfLg;ghsh; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;FfspYs;s xt;nthU fl;llKk; nrd;r]; tPLk; Kiwahf mspf; f g; g l; l vz; i zf; nfhz; b Ug; g ijAk; mt; n tz; f s; tiuglj; j py; fhl;lg;gl;bUg;gijAk; cWjp nra;fpwJ. cq;fSila fzf;nfLg;ghsh; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;s fl;llq;fSf;Fk; nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fk; Gjpajhf vz;fs; nfhLf;f NeUk;; NghJ fPo;f;fhZk; %d;W epiyfis ePq;fs; re;jpf;f Nehplyhk;. (i) (ii) fl;llq;fs; my;yJ nrd;r]; tPLfSf;F efuhl;rp mikg;Gfs; Kiwahf tPl;byf;fq;fs; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. nrhj;J kjpg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; fhypkidfSf;F ,yf;fkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,Jtiu ,yf;fq;fs; ,lg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; tPLfs; fl;lg;gltpy;iy my;yJ fl;bKbahkypUf;fpwJ. NkYk; vz;fs; Kiwahf ,y;iy.
(iii) ,Uf;fpw fl;llq;fs; my;yJ nrd;r]; tPLfSf;F ve;j tPl;byf;fKk; ,y;iy. NkNy $wg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; epiyiag; nghWj;jtiu efuhl;rp mikg;ghy; Vw;fdNt nfhLf;fg;gl;l vz;zpyf;f Kiwia mg;gbNa vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; vz;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gpwF Gjpjhf fl;lg;gl;l fl;llq;fs; my;yJ efuhl;rp mikg;Gfshy; vz;fs; ,lhky; tpLgl;l fl;llq;fSf;F cg vz;fs;/Gjpa vz;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf fl;ll vz;fs; 10 kw;Wk; 11 f;F ,ilapy; xU fl;llk>; ,yf;fk; ,lg;glhkypUe;jhNyh my;yJ Gjpa fl;llk; te;jpUe;jhNyh mf;fl;llj;jpw;F 10/1 vd vz; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. efuhl;rp mikg;ghy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fkhdJ vz; 120 y; Kbe;jpUf;Fk; #o;epiyapy; mjd; njhlh;r;rpahf 121 vdTk;; nfhLf;fyhk;. NkNy $wpa ,uz;L kw;Wk; ; %d;whk; epiyfisg; nghUj;jtiu ePqfs; fl;llq;fSf;Fk; nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fk; gpd;tUk; gj;jpfspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW Gjpjhf nrd;r]; vz;fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU tPl;Lg; gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs; nfhLj;j ,yf;fk; ,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ nrd;r]; vz;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,uz;Lk; Nrh;e;j xU fyitahf fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
(m) fl;llq;fSf;F vz;fs; nfhLj;jy;: 1. xU tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; gy njUf;fs; ,Ue;jhy; ntt;NtW ; njUf;fspy; cs;s fl;llq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; njhlh;rrpahf vz;fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ; njUf;fs; tlNkw;fpypUe;J njd;fpof;fhf Kiwahf vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tPl;L vz;fs; nfhLf;Fk;NghJ njUtpd; xU gf;fj;jpy; Muk;gpj;J njhlh;r;rpahf thpirahf vz;fs; nfhLj;J> me;jg; gf;fj;jpy; vz;fs; nfhLj;J Kbj;j gpd;G> vjph; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s filrpf; fl;llj;jpypUe;J njhlh;r;rpahf vz;fs; n;fhLf;fTk;. filrpahf ,yf;fkplg;gl Ntz;ba fl;llk; Kjd;Kjypy; vz; ,lg;gl;l fl;llj;jpw;F vjpuhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thW ,yf;fkpLtJ rpwe;j Kiwahf fUjg;gLfpwJ. 2. xU tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; my;yJ tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; xU gFjpapy; fl;llq;fspd; mikg;ghdJ mq;Fkpq;Fkhf gutp ,Ue;jhNyh
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my;yJ xU FOthf ,ize;J ,Ue;jhNyh my;yJ tay;ntspfs; tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyfspy; my;yJ uapy; ghijfspd; Xuq;fspy; my;yJ fhy; t ha; /MW/Fsq; f spd; fiufspy; ,Ue; j hNyh Kbe; j tiu gj; j p (i)y; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW fl;ll vz;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gj;jp (i)y; tpsf;fpa topKiwg;gb vz;fs; nfhLf;f Kbatpy;iynadpy; vy;yhf; fl;llq;fSf;Fk; vz;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;W> cWjp nra;j gpd; tiuglj;jpy; mtw;iwf; Fwpj;J mjd; gpd; ve;nje;j ,lq;fspy; vz;fs; njhlh;rrpahf ,y;iyNah mq;nfy;yhk; ; mk;Gf;Fwpapl;L fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. xU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd;; tPl;byf;f KiwahdJ nghJthf njUtpd; mikg;ig xl;bapUf;f Ntz;LNkad;wp> jd;dpr;irahd Gtpapay; jpirapd;gb ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. 4. fl;llq;fSf;F 1>2>3 Nghd;w vz;fis kl;LNk nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. jw; N ghJ fl; l g; g l; L f; nfhz; b Uf; F k; fl; l lj; j pw; F $iu Kbf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; vz; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fl; b
6. tPl;byf;fk; nfhLj;j gpd;G my;yJ ,yf;fkplg;gl;l fl;llq;fSf;fpilNa xU Gjpa fl;llk; Njhd;wpapUg;gpd; mf;fl;llj;jpw;F Gjpa vz; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j vz; mUfpYs;s fl;llj;jpd; cg vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf fl;ll vz; 10f;Fk; 11f;Fk; ,ilapy; xU fl;llk; ,yf;fkplhky; fhzg;gl;lhNyh my;yJ xU Gjpa fl;llk; te;jpUe;jhNyh> mjw;F 10/1 vd;W ,yf;fkpl Ntz;Lk;. ,yf;fkplhky; fhzg;gLk; Gjpa fl;llq;fSf;F 10(1) my;yJ 10(2) vd;W vz;fs; nfhLf;fg;glf;$lhJ. ,t;thwhd vz;fs; xU fl;llj;jpw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;> ,J nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fj;jhd; nghUe;Jk.; khwhf 10/1 vd;gJ fl;ll vz;fs; 10f;Fk; 11f;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s jdpnahU fl;llj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;. 7. (M) nrd;r]; tPLfSf;F ,yf;fkpLjy;: xt;nthU nrd;r]; tPLk; ,yf;fkplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU fl;llk; KOtJk; xU nrd;r]; tPL vd;why; mf;fl;ll vz;Nz mjDila nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;ZkhFk;. Mdhy; xU fl;llj;jpd; ntt;NtW gFjpfs; my;yJ cs;sikg;Gfs;> nrd;r]; tPlhf fUjg;gLk; jFjpiag; ngw;wpUe;jhy; mit nrd;r]; tPLfshff; fUjg;gl;L xt;nthU nrd;r]; tPl;bw;Fk; fl;ll vz;iz vOjp milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; cg vz;iz 10 (1)> 10 (2) vd;gJ Nghd;W my;yJ 11 (1)> 11(2)> 11 (3) Nghd;W gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;fis ,Ltjw;fhd cjhuzq;fs;.

efuhl;rpahy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l fl;ll vz; 7/1 7(1) 7(A) 7/A nrd;r]; tPLfspd; vz;zpf;if 2 2 2 2 nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;
7/1(1) & 7/1(2) 7(1) (1)& 7(1)(2) 7 (A )(1) & 7/( A )(2) 7 /A (1) & 7/ A (2)
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fsj;jpy; tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; rhpghh;j;jy;; / jahhpj;jy; 1. cq;fs; tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;iff; fz;lwpa fsj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; ; Kd;ghf miktpl tptuq;fshd khepy / A+dpad; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngah;> khtl;lj;jpd; ngah;> jhYfhtpd; ngah;> efuj;jpd; ngah;> thh;L vz;> tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G ; gpshf;fpd; vz; Mfpait cq;fsplk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij cWjp nra;J nfhs;sTk;. rhjhuzkhf> ,t;tptuq;fs; cq;fisf; fzf;nfLg;ghsuhf epakpj;j nghWg;G mjpfhhpahy; (efugFfSF efuh / khefuh Miza) toq;fg;gl;l epakd cj;jutpy; ,Uf;Fk;. fl;llq;fs;> nrd;r]; tPLfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpy; trpf;Fk; FLk;gq;fs; tpLglhky; fzf;nfLf;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;a cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l gFjpapd; vy;iyfis ePq;fs; rhptuj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;ijj; rhpghh;jjy;/jahhpg;gjd; %yk; ,J rhj;jpag;gLk;. cq;fSf;F ; ; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;FfSf;fhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; fpilf;ftpy;iy vdpy;; xt;nthU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf tptukhd Nfhl; L g; g lk; jahhpf; f Ntz; L k vd; gij epidtpy; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . mijg;NghyNt kw;wg; gjpNtLfSk; xt;nthU tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tiugl f Lgoa sh viyfis, uju mrf kW Ka lfshd rhiyf, ughijf, FWf, MWf, Filf, tghL jyf, Ka folfshd g Tlf, kUjf, mryf, ng%uh / efuh / khefuh mYtyf Matiw Ff ntL. nkY fzbfLghs sh cs btbtW bjUfis, rJfis gl tiuJ fLkhdfis Ff ntL. thW brtj _y cfSffgl Lgoa sh gFf midij bjgl bjJ bfhsyh. cfSila sh cs Ka lfis Fgjfhd milahs FpLf nfhLgl jahgjfhf bfhLfgLs gotnyna FfgLsJ. 2. tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; ifahy; tiuag;gLk; xU glk; MFk;. ,J fl;llk; kw;Wk; tPl;L vz;fis cs;slf;fpa xU glkhFk;. ve;j xU tpfpj mstpYk; (not to scale) jahhpf;fg;gLk; glk; my;y. tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;ij jahhpg;gjd; Nehf; f k; cq; f Sf; F mspf; f g; g l; l gFjp KOtJk; fzf; n fLg; g py; Nrh;ffg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhfNtahFk;. Kf;fpa ,lq;fshd ; rhiyfs;> uapy;ghijfs;> Fd;Wfs;> MWfs;> Fl;ilfs;> topghl;Lj;jyq;fs;> Kf;fpa fl;llq;fshd gs;spf;$lq;fs;> kUe;jfk;> mQ;ryfk;> Cuhl;rp mYtyfk; Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; fzf;nfLg;ghsh; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs; s ntt; N tW njUf; f isAk; > re; J fisAk; glj; j py; tiue; J fl;Lkhdq;fisf; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;tjd; %yk; cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; gFjpfs; midj;;ijAk; njspTglj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. cq;fSila fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;s Kf; f pa ,lq; f isf; Fwpg; g jw; f hd milahsf; FwpaP L fs; tiuglk; jahhpg;gjw;fhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gbtj;jpNyNa Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
69
3. xt;nthU efu tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fk; tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; ,uz;L gpujpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU tPl;Lg; gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;ifAk; ,d;ndhU tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;ifAk; gphpf;f vy;iy ; NfhLfisj; njspthf Fwpg;gJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. ,e;j vy;iyf; NfhLfs; Kbe;jtiu ,aw;ifahd vy;iyfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; vy;iyf; NfhLfSf;F ,UGwKk; cs;s epy rh;Nt vz;fs; my;yJ epyj;jpd; chpikahsh; ngah; Nghd;wtw;iw fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyf; NfhLfshff; Fwpf;fTk;. 4. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffisf; nfhz;l efuq;fisg; ; nghUj;jtiu> xt;nthU fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyf; NfhLfSk; njspthff; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij Nkw;ghh;it mYtyh; cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa fpuhkq;fspYs;s tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyfis ; tiuglj;jpy; epue;ju mk;rq;;fshd rhiy> MW> fhy;tha;> uapy;ghij> njU Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; vz; my;yJ fpuhkj;jpd; vz; vJNth mijf; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; Kf;fpakhd Nehf;fk; ,f;fpuhkq;fspy; cs;s ve;j xU gFjpNah my;yJ tPLfspd; njhFjpNah tpLgltpy;iy vd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhfNt MFk;. mNj rkak; efuj;jpy; ve;j xU gFjpNah my;yJ tPLfspd; njhFjpNah xNu Neuj;jpy; ,uz;L fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffspy; Nrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhfTk; MFk;. 5. fhLfspy; cs;s FbapUg;G gFjpfs; fhl;bd; ntt;NtW gFjpfspy; $l;lhf ,ize;jthW ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. ,f;FbapUg;Gg; gFjpfspd; ngah;fs; VjhtJ ,Ue;jhy; mij gjpa Ntz;Lk;. ,f;FbapUg;Gg; gFjpfisf; fz;lwpa trjpahf FbapUg;GfSf;F mUfpy; cs;s ePNuhil> Fd;W> rhiy Nghd;w epue;ju mk;rq;fis Fwpg;gJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. Vnddpy; rpy kiytho; kf;fs; trpf;Fk; FbapUg;Gfspy; cs;sth;fs; mt;tg;NghJ ,lk; khwpf;nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;. fhl;by; cs;s vy;yh FbapUg;Gf; gFjpfSk; tPlLg; gl;baypy; Nrh;ffg;gl;Ltpl;lJ ; ; vd;gij ,J cWjp nra;Ak;. 6. gz;izfs;> Njhl;lq;fisg; (Estates/Plantations) nghWj;jtiu me;je;j gz;iz my;yJ Njhl;l mYtyh;fisf; Nfl;lwpe;J cq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l gFjpapd; vy;iyfs; eph;zak; nra;aTk;. mjd;gpd; cq;fSila gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W tiuglj;ij jahhpf;fTk;. 7. efgFfSfhd tiuglf jahgjF filofgl tKiwfisna jF g jahf. bgUghyhd efuf efuh tiugl tiuths efu glfis Vfdnt xU j ms Tl jahJ itUf TL. glf cfSF f cjahf UF. y rkaf efuf viyf cWyhk bj tfgL rtu tiuaWfglhk UF. mjdh efuij Rs gFfis g (Out Skirts) rnjff vHTL. J ehf vfSila mDgt flj cik. Mifah tiugl viyfis rnt
70
vfshY uju mrfshY Ff ntL. y neuf rhiy xU gf efu viyFS kW gf efukhf khfgl viyF btna efuJl nrfglhkY UF. tuf midij ne brW ghJ ftdkhf rbrj jh nkghit mYtyf tiugl rahf UwJ vW rhwf ntL. xU efu viyiabahos wef ts gFf (Suburban Growth) Ujh mtiw bjU xU gF efu viyF btna Ujh mij nkghit mfhf ftdF bfhLtu ntL. gFf vj thf gFFglJ vgij flJ mgF rahf nrgjfhd tKiwfis mtf brthf. 8. efugFf cfSila Lgoa shYs xbthU rhiy kW bjU cs xbthU fol Ulij fhJ bjthf tiugl jahf ntL vyh rhiyfS, bjUfS bjthf tiuagL rhiyf kW bjUf bgafSl Toa cf Lgoa shfhd tiugl xW jah braglntL. xbthU fllK m FfglntL. KGtJ FoU myhj Lfis FoU LfUJ ntWgL fhL tif, mLfis nfhoL (Hatching) fhf ntL. jdh cfSila g kwtf g vjhF. nkY Ka kW uju fllfshd ef kw, bga mYtyf fll, kw fll, mry fll, kUJtkid, gTl, njthya, tf tshf fll, mfho fll nghwtiw tiugly FL fhf ntL. 9. ve;nje;j tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffspy; jpUg;jpfukhf tPl;byf;f Kiw ,Uf;fpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs; mNj tPl;byf;f Kiwia tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; jahhpf;f vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. mq;F ,Uf;Fk; tPl;L vz;fisNa tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpYk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. Kiwahd tPl;byf;f Kiw ,y;yhj fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffspy; Vw;fdNt nrhy;yg;gl;l mwpTiufspd;gb fl;llq;fSf;Fk; tPLfSf;Fk; ePqfs; vz;fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;ntz;fis ; cq; f s; fzf; n fLg; g hsh; fzf; n fLg; G gpshf; F fSf; f hd tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpYk; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. F : Fl efugFf cfSF a jftKiw mogilyhd Lgoa sh tiugl bfhLfgL. khahd rjgf tiuglfis f fsF vLJ brW mtiuglJl bfhLfgLs tKiwf mogil tiuglij mehtiu rbra ntL. efh;Gu vy;iyfs; mlq;fpa tiuglq;fs; Nkw;ghh;itahsh;fsplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j tiuglq;fspy; kf;fs;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ gphpf;fg;gl;l fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; gphpj;J fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xUNtis xU Nkw;ghh;itahsUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Ng&uhl;rpfis
71
cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; rk;;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J Ng&uhl;rpfspd; tiuglq;fisAk; ngw;W mtw;wpy; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;Ffspd; vy;iyfis Jy;ypakhf tiuaWj;J fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; xt;nthU fl;llKk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tiuglj;jpy; xt;nthU fl;llj;ijAk; Fwpg;gjd; Nehf;fk; xt;nthU fl;llKk; vt;tifahdJ vd;gijf; fz;lwptjw;fhFk;. ,jw;fhf cWjpahd (Pucca) cWjpaw;w (Kutcha) fl;Lkhdq;is fPNo tpsf;fg;gl;Lts;sthW Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s ngl;bf;fl;lk; %yk; fhz;gpf;fTk;. cWjpahd fl;llq;fis rJu tbtj;jpYk; cWjpaw;w fl;llj;ij Kf;Nfhz tbtj;jpYk; fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fl;llq;fspy; rpy KOtJk; my;yJ gFjpahd FbapUg; g thfTk; kw; w it KOtJk; FbapUg; G my; y hj kw; w cgNahfj;jpw;Fk; gad;gLk;. KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhj cWjpahd fl;llq;fis rJukhf tiue;J mr;rJuj;ij Nfhbl;L fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhj cWjpaw;w fl;llj;ij Kf;Nfhzkhf tiue;J NfhLbl;L fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ntt;NtW tifahd cjhuzq;fs; ngl;bfSld; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. - cWjpahd fl;llk;> KOtJk; my;yJ gFjp FbapUg;G - cWjpahd fl;llk;> KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhjJ - cWjpaw;w fl;llk; KOtJk; my;yJ gFjp FbapUg;G cWjpaw;w fl;llk; KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhjJ tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glk; jahhpg;gjw;F Rth;fs; kw;Wk $iu fPo;f;fz;l fl;Lkhd nghUl;fshy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;jhy; mit cWjpahd fl;llq;fs; MFk;. Rthpd; fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;: fw;fs;(Rz;zhk;G my;yJ rpnkz;l; fyit nfhz;L fl;lg;gl;lJ) GI cNyhfk;/ M];ng];lh]; jfLfs;> Rl;l nrq;fw;fs;> rpnkz;l; fw;fs;> fhd;f;hPl;. $iuapd;; fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;: ,ae;jpuj;jhy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l XLfs;> rpnkz;l; XLfs;> Rl;l nrq;fw;fs;> fw;fs;> fw;gyif> GI cNyhfk;. M];ng];lh]; jfLfs;> fhd;f;hPl;.
(Fwpg;G: fl;llq;fspd; Rth;fs; kw;Wk; $iu NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nghUs;fs; my;yhky; Rlhj nrq;fy;> %q;fpy;> fspkz;> Gy;> Nfhiu> ehzy;> gpsh];bf;/ ghypjPd;> fw;fis mLf;fp fyitapd;wp fl;Ljy; Nghd;w nghUl;fshy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;jhy; mit cWjpaw;w fl;llkhff; fUjg;gLk;.)
72
10.
cWjpahd fl;llkh my;yJ cWjpaw;w fl;llkh vd;gij tifg;gLj;Jk; Kiwiaj; njspthff; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ltpl;lhy; mtw;iw tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; fhl;LtJ kpfTk; vspJ. cq;fSila fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; cs;s fl;ll vz; 9 cWjpahd fl;llkhfTk; mJ KOtJk; my;yJ gFjpahf FbapUg;ghf ,Ue;jhy; 9 mf;fl;llj;ij vd;W fhl;lTk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhj cWjpahd 10 Mk; vz; 10 fl;llj;ij , vd;W fhl;lTk;> mijg;NghyNt KOtJk; my;yJ gFjpahd FbapUg;ghf cs;s 15 cWjpaw;w 15 Mk; vz; fl;llj;ij vd;W fhl;lNtz;Lk;.KOtJk; FbapUg;G my;yhj cWjpaw;w 15 6 Mk;; vz; fl;llj;ij V vd;W fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. 11. tPl;Lg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpd; vy;iyfisAk; epue;ju mk;rq;fshd Kf;fpa ,lq;fs; (Land Marks) rhiyfs;> uapy;ghij> MW> fhy;tha;> topghl;Lj;jyq;fs; gs;spf;$lk;> kUe;jfk; Nghd;w Kf;fpa fl;llq;fis tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; fhl;ba gpd;G cq;fSila tPlLg;gl;bay; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; ; cs;s xt;nthU fl;llj;jpw;Fk; nrd;r]; tPl;bw;Fk; ,yf;fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fl;llq;fSf;Fk;> nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fk; ,yf;fkpLk; Kiwgw;wp Ke;ija gj;jpfspy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cq;fSf;fspf;fg;gl;l ePz;lehs; mopahky; ,Uf;ff; $ba nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L ePq;fs; tPl;byf;fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpyf;fq;fs>; fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; nrd;r]; tPLfspd; Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fspy; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;. clNd tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpYk; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf fl;l vz; 1 ,y; %d;W nrd;r]; tPLfs; ,Ue;jhy; mij gpd;tUkhW fhz;gpf;fTk;. fl;ll vz;Zld; mf;fl;llj;jpy; cs;s nrd;r]; tPLfs; vjpypUe;J njhlq;fp vJtiu KbfpwJ vd;gij fPNo ngl;bapy; nfhLj;jpUg;gJ Nghy; fl;llj;jpd;; gpujhd thry; Eiothapypy; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;
1 1(1)-1(3)
nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;fs; fPNo ngl;bapy; nfhLj;jpUg;gJ Nghy; xt; n thU nrd; r ]; tP l ; b d; Eiothapypy; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
1(1)
1(2)
1(3)
12 tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; xt;nthU fl;llj;jpw;Fk; mJ cWjpahd fl;llkhfNth my;yJ cWjpaw;w fl;llkhfNth ,Ue;jhYk; fl;ll vz; nfhLj;J mf;fl;ll vz;iz rJu/Kf;Nfhz fl;lj;jpw;Fs; gjpa Ntz;Lk;. xU fl;llj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nrd;r]; tPLfs; ,Ue;jhy; mf;fl;llj;jpy; cs;s nrd;r]; tPLfis mt;tPl;bw;fhd rJu/Kf;Nfhzj;jpw;F fPNo gjpa Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf fl;ll vz; 5 ,y; ehd;F nrd;r]; tPLfs; ,Ue;jhy; mf;fl;llj;jpw;fhd rJu/Kf;Nfhz
73
fl;lj;jpw;Fs; 5 vd;W gjpe;j gpd;G nrd;r]; tPl;L vz; 5(1)-5(4) vd;gij mf;fl;llj;jpw;fhd rJu/Kf;Nfhz fl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPNo vOjpf; fhl;l Ntz;L;k;. xUNtis mf;fl;llk; xNu xU nrd;r]; tPl;ilf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mjd; fl;ll vz;Zk; nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;Zk; xd;NwahFk;. Mifahy; nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;iz rJu/Kf;Nfhz fl;lj;jpw;F fPNo vOj Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. xU fl;llj;jpy; xU nrd;r]; tPL ,Ue;J mJ FbapUg;G my;yhj cgNahfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mf;fl;llj;jpd; rJu/Kf;Nfhz fl;lj;ij Nfhbl;L fhl;b fl;lj;jpw;Fs; fl;ll vz;iz vOj Ntz;Lk;. tptukhd Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fl;ll my;yJ nrd;r]; tPl;L vz;fs; mf;fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd ,lq;fshd thry;> Eiothapy;> gpujhd Nfl; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s vz;fSld; xj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sTk;. 13 xt;nthU fl;llj;jpw;Fk; mspf;fg;gl;l vz; tptukhdf; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fl;ll vz;fs; ve;j jpir Nehf;fpr; nry;fpwJ vd;gij Fwpg;gpl ,ilntspapy; Fwpg;ghf ve;nje;j ,lq;fspy; fl;ll vz;fs; njhlh;gpd;wp nry;fpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; xU mk;Gf;Fwpapl;Lf; fhz;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;; xU njUTk; ,d;ndhU njUTk; FWf;fpLk; NghJ fl;ll thpir vz;fs; jilg;gLk; rkaq;fspYk; mk;Gf;Fwpaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fl;llq;fSf;Fk; nrd;r]; tPLfSf;Fk; vz;fs; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; cq;fSila fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpw;Fs; cs;s xU gFjpapy; cs;s rpy fl;llq;fis Njhuhakhf ngd;rpyhy; tiuglj;jpy; Fwpj;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;G mLj;j fl;llg; gFjpfSf;Fr; nry;yTk;. tiuglj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;byf;f KiwahdJ Ke;ija gj;jpfspy; tpthpf;fg;gl;l topKiwfspd;gb nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwjh my;yJ khw;wq;fs; VjhtJ nra;a Ntz;Lkh vd;gij cz;ik epiyAld; xg;gpl;Lr; rhpghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gFjpf;F my;yJ fl;llq;fSf;F ,lg;gl;l vz;zpyf;f Kiw rhpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W ePqfs; jpUg;jp mile;j gpd;G ngd;rpyhy; gjpe;jij ; ikahy; gjpe;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. mjd;gpd;G ePq;fs; NtnwhU gFjpf;F my;yJ fl;llq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l Kiwg;gb ,yf;fkpLtjw;fhfr; nry;yyhk;.
nfhLgl khjphp ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
74
nfhLgl kh ((Layout Map)
75
iz- VI L goa RUfij (AHL) mehtiu rbrj (Updating) 2011-2012 M Mo kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ, fzbfL shfhf tiuaWfgl gFfnyna, j r_f bghUshjhu rhth fzbfL eilbgw csJ. 2011-M Mo kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ uL flfshf eilbgw fsgfis, Lgoa RUfij cUth, fsgnghJ mjid mehtiu rbrjiy, va Kiw JbfhS tif tiugl xW nH jugLsJ.
Lgoa jahgjfhf nja kfbjhif gntil jahgjfhd bghW gntL cUthFj.
Lgoa jahgjfhd fsg bjhlFtjF K Lgoa fzbfL shif tiuaWj.
LgoafzbfL kW nja kf bjhif gntL (2010go) xbthU ogoa fzbfL shY Lgoa mltiz kW nja kf bjhif gntoY tuf nrffgld.
ajhf Uj bragl bghW gntL cUthFj bghW gnto, xbthU kfbjhif fzbfL shF xU tir.
kfbjhif fzbfLF Kghf kfbjhif fzbfLfhd fzbfL sh / rsh if tiuaWj. j kfbjhif fzbfL sh- gFahdJ Lgoa fzbfL sh msnyh myJ Fiwthd (r shF) gFahf UUF. y a kfbjhif fzbfL shFf.
Lgoa RUf cUthFj (AHL) xbthU fzbfL shF xU Lgoa RUf (jf to) cUthFj Lgoa mltizUJ Lgoa RUf -1 kW -2-I brj.
kfbjhif fzbfL fsg Lgoa RUfij (AHL) mehtiu rbrJ FLg mltiz tufis nrfj. -2 (AHL) kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ, mehtiu rbrj -3 (AHL) a brbr Lf kW a FLgfis g brj.
76
1) kf bjhif fzbfL, Lgoa fzbfL fsgnghJ xU Lgoa sh xbthU FLgY (lw FLg fyhf) L goa mltizY kW xbthU rhjhuz FLgY nja kfbjhif gntoY tuf nrffglJ. Vfdnt tjgo Lgoa fzbfLF wF, kf bjhif fzbfLfhd fzbfL sh / r shFf tiuaWfglJ. Lgoa fzbfLf cs tufis bfhL, xbthU fzbfL sh / r-shF, xU Lgoa RUf (AHL) cUthfglJ. kf bjhif fzbfL fsgnghJ j Lgoa RUfkhdJ, miwa ehgo rbraglJ. j Lgoa RUf eff r_f bghUshjhu rh fzbfL gfhf tHfgl csJ. Lgoa RUf l bgWs MW fis ga tuf nH jugLsJ. m) -1: midJ mikl FpLfshd khy, khtl, jhYfh, efu, thL, fzbfL sh / r-sh tiw cslajhF. fzbfL sh / r-shF rgjgl ca Lgoa shfhd Fpil izgjhf UF. 10 M) -2: 1 fyfis bfhlJ. j xbthU t xbthU FLgfhd git bfhlJ. j fyf fol v, brr L v, FLgjiyt bga nghw tufis cslajhF. fyf xbthW vjhf JbfhsToajhf mikJsd. kfbjhif fzbfLF Kdh Lgoa fsgnghJ flagl midJ brr LfS FLgfS, j goalgLsJ. kfbjhif fzbfL fsgnghJ, j goalgl tuf fzbfLghsuh vLJ brygL, miwa iy j goa rbragL ca Ff fy 10- g bragLsJ. thwhf, j gagLs xbthU FLgF, fy 6- FLg vQ fy 8- FLg bjhl vQ gagoUF. fy 6 gagoUF FLg vQF bjhlila FLgFa nja kfbjhif gntoid (NPR) ifgl efyhf (Image) vLfgLsJ. kfbjhif fzbfL, fzbfL sh / r -sh- fzlgl midJ rhjhuz iya myJ lw FLgfSF xU a FLg bjhl viz fy 8- bfhLfgLsJ. Lgoa RUf (AHL) gagoUF mfgr FLg bjhl vzhdJ Fl fzbfL sh / r sh kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ flagl bkhj FLgf vifahF. ) -3 : 10 fyfis bfhl j kfbjhif fzbfLF xthj uL fyf fU tzjh HL fhlgoUF. kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ flagl midJ a FLgfS j -3 gagoUF. Vfdnt FoUj xU FLg xWF nkgl FLgkhf tjh cUthF a FLgfS, Fl xU fzbfL sh / r sh gFFnsna ajhf Fotj FLgK j cslUF.
77
<) -4 : 7 fyfis bfhlJ. kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ flagl midJ lw FLgfS j gagoUF. j fy 3- FLg jiyt bgaU kW fy-6 FLg bjhl vQ bfhLfgoUF. c)-3 kW -4- gagoUF FLgF vnu FLg v gaglhk Ugij id bfhf. vwhY, j f gagoUF xbthU FLgF FLg bjhl v ga goUF. C) -5: kfbjhif fzbfLgo Fl fzbfL sh / r sh RUfkhd, bkhj FLgf vif, bkhj kfbjhif nghw tuf j bfhLfgoUF. v) -6: fzbfLghsUF xJfgl fzbfL sh / r-sh fsg FJ, fzbfLghsuh tHfgl rhj j l bgUF. 2) r_f bghUshjhu rhth fzbfLnghJ, mehtiu rbragl Lgoa RUf ef xW rgjgl bghW mfhl tHfgL. bghW mYtyfF, mjid bjhlJ fzbfLghsUF xJfgl flikf tU gf bfhLfgLsJ. 3) jhYfh mYtyfij mikfgLs rt (fl) nja kf bjhif fzbfL ifgl eff cL bragL. Lgoa Fj fsgnghJ nja kfbjhif gntoY tuf nrffgljh, fl cL bragL nja kf bjhif gnto ifgl efY (Image) Lgoa l bgWs, Lgoa sh v kW FLg v l bgUF. 4) bghJthf Lgoa RUf (AHL) goalgl bgUghyhd FLgf Lgoa RUf 2- l bgUF. J, j FLgf Lgoa Fj fsgnghJ kf bjhif fzbfLnghJ flagLsJ vgij FF. jhfh mYtyf ghu vyuh Wtd mYtyf myJ mtfsh mfhukfgl mYtyfsh, Lgoa RUf lbgw gfis nja kf bjhif gnto ifgl effSl xL ghfgL. XbthU ifgl efYF (Image) vuhf fl gf bragL. m) Lgoa fzbfL nghJ nrffgl FLg v. M) Lgoa RUf goalgl FLgf fzbfL sh / r-sh v. ) Lgoa RUf -2 fy 8- gagl FLg bjhl v. 5) kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ flagl xU y FLgf gf Lgoa RUf -3 kW -4 gagoUF. j FLgfSF nja kfbjhif gnto ifgl ef (Image) fhzglhJ.
78
j FLgfSF, fzbfL sh / r sh v (-1UJ), rbragl Lgoa RUfgo FLg jiyt bga (-2 fy 7 / 3- fy 7 / 4- fy 3) kW FLg bjhl v (-2 fy 8 / 3- fy 8 / 4 fy 6) tiw kL, jhfh mYtyf cs rt fl g bragL. thW g brtj _y, kfbjhif fzbfLnghJ flagl midJ FLgfis fzbfL sh / r-sh-Fl bjhlgL izfgL. 6) xU y Lgoa sh, nja kf bjhif gnto ifgl efiy (Image), vjbthU fzbfL sh / r-sh-FlD bjhlgL izf KoahkUfyh. fzbfL sh / r-sh Kj ehF yff Lgoa sh ehF yffshf Ugij id bfhf. thwhd nja kf bjhif gnto ifgl eff (Image) Lgoago, Lgoa sh v kW FLg viz bfhoUgij, Mdh fzbfL sh / r-sh v kW FLg bjhl v yhUgij fhzyh. 7) nkny tfglthW, xU Fl Lgoa sh midJ ifgl eff, FLgjiyt bga kW FLg bjhl viz, ca fzbfL sh / r sh-Fl izJ, fsg bjhlFtjF Kd, fsgahsuh, cgnahf gLjgL if f cL bragl ntL. 8) Lgoa RUf ef gotJl fsgF brY fzbfLghs, jDl xU f aFgtiu (Data Entry Operator) miHJ brth. j f aFgt (DEO) nja kf bjhif gnto ifgl ef, FLgjiyt bga kW FLg bjhl v tiw Vfdnt cL brj if fia jDl vLJ brth. 9) Lgoa RUf efiy bgW fzbfLghs, -3 kW 4 W g mLj t t tz nfhL l ntL. 3 kW 4 vjbthU FLgK / g braglhj iy, fzbfLghs, j uL f Kj tnyna t tz nfhL l ntL. 10) Lgoa RUf goalgl FLgkhdJ, r_f bghUshjhu rhth fzbfL fsgnghJ, mnj fzbfL sh / r-sh flagLkh, mFLgF, mnj FLg v kW FLg bjhl viz bfhoUf ntL vgij id bfhf. j mogil Kiwgo, r_f bghUshjhu rhth fzbfL nghJ, vbfhS btntW Niyf Lgoa RUfij mehtiu rbrJ FJ nH tfgLsJ. NH :1 Lgoa RUf fhzgL xU FLg, r_f bghUshjhu rh fzbfLnghJ mnj fzbfL sh / r-sh gF cs mnj brr onyh myJ ntW brr onyh fhzgLj: Jnt
79
bgUghY vghf Toa iy. iy, fzbfLghs, Lgoa RUf, Fl mj FLgfhd g lJ gf (fy-1) (o kh) brJ, nffSfhd tufis if f nrffyh. xU y rjgf, FLg jiytnuh myJ kw y FLg cWdfnsh, Vfdnt FoUj fzbfL sh / r-shUJ btnaUfyh myJ JuZlkhf wUJ, jKs FLg cWdf mnj fzbfL sh / r shnyna FoUfyh. j iyY, fy-1 bra. FLg jiyt kh UF iy, giHa FLg jiyt bgaiu tlL a jiyt bgaiu -2/3- fy 7- myJ 4- fy 3- g bra ntL. NH :2 Lgoa RUf fhzgL xU FLg, r_f bghUshjhu rh fzbfLnghJ mnj fzbfL sh / r-sh fhzgL, Mdh mFLg xU y cWdf jahf J, j FLgkhf mnj fzbfL sh / r-sh thJ tU iy: iy Lgoa RUf goal mnj FLg thJ tU brr il flJ, yhjgr mj FLg jiytiu jnghJ xU cWduhf bfhl mj FLg thG brr il flJ, mj brr o gF vnu lJ gf fy -1 (o kh) brtJl maha 2- sfkhf Tago F fy Fiu vGj ntL. jKs cWdfis bfhl FLg, j fzbfL sh / r sh fhzglh Lgoa RUf (if-fUJ bgwgl) a FLg bjhl viz ga ntL. j a FLg bjhl vzhdJ, L goa RUf gagl mfgr bjhl vF mLj vzhf mik. jKs cWdfis bfhl a FLgkhdJ, giHa FLg thJ tj mnj brr o thJ tUnkahdh, giHa FLg tufis nrfJ KojJ, a FLg tuf nrffglntL. j a FLg git Lgoa RUf -3 gagl ntL. 3 Fiu fy, ca Fiuia, maha 2- tfglthW vGj ntL. j uL FLgf gf, rgjgl F fy Fiu vGJtJ flhakhfgLsJ. j Fiu uL FLgfis milahs fhgjF cjahf UF. xU y FLgf, gz bfhLJ jF Udf L ntiy br ntiyahf, myJ kw ntiyahf Kjatfis xnu FLg cWdfshf fzbfLggoUfyh. r_f bghUshjhu rh fzbfLnghJ j gz bfhLJ jF Udf, L ntiy br ntiyahf myJ kw ntiyahfis ujhd FLgUJ J jFLgkhf gJl, Lgoa RUf ajhf gagL, mjFa Fiufis, maha 2- tfglthW vGj ntL.
80
NH :3 Fl xU fzbfL sh / r-sh, ajhf FotJs FLgF, L goa RUf (AHL)gf yhj iy : gf thwhd FLgfSF -3, a t, fll v, brr L v, FLg jiyt bga kW FLg bjhl v (if f ajhf bgwgL) Kja tufis ga ntL. NH : 4 fzbfL sh / r-sh a FoUyhj fol / brdr, L fhzgL iy: thwhd brr LfSF, Lgoa RUf -3, a t, fll v, brr L v, brr o gaghL nghw midJ fyf tufis g bra ntL. fy 7 FLg jiyt bga, fy 8 FLg bjhl v Kja fyfis bra ntoaiy. j brr o vj xU egU FoUfiy vgij cWgL bfhsntL. NH :5 fzbfL sh / r - sh Vfdnt FoUghf Uj brr L, jnghJ FoUyhj brr lhf flagL iy: iy xU Fl FLg Vfdnt FoUj brr oUJ, mnj fzbfL sh / r-shYs ntW xU brr oF FobgaUjh, FobgaJs a brr il flJ, j FLgfhd brr L v FJ ca khwij, Lgoa RUf g bragl ntL vwhY xU Fl fzbfL sh / r-shF btna FobgaJs FLgij bghWjtiu, j FLg tufis g bragLs t fy -1 X vw FL, Fiu jFj Fpil g bra ntL. j FLg FLg v kW FLg bjhl v Kjat vj khWjY bra ntoaiy vgij id bfhf. NH :6 Lgoa RUf goalgl xU FLg, xU Fl fzbfL sh / r-shUJ bt Fobgaj iy: tif midJ FLgfis bghWjtiw, j FLgf tufis g bragLs tf fy -1 X vw FL, maha 2- tfgLsthW ca Ffis, jFj Fpil g bra ntL, kW nj Ff xbthU FLg cWdf gF vnu if f gagLtij cW brJ bfhs ntL. NH :7 fzbfL sh / r sh ajhf flagl lw FLg ga iy: tifahd FLgfis bghWjtiu nkny (iii)- tJsgo, j a lw FLgf tufis, Lgoa RUf 4- g bra ntL.
81
tPl;L gl;bay; RUf;fj;ij rhpghh;f;fg;gLtjw;fhd rpy cjhuzq;fs;

Lgoa RUfij nkgLj - tKiwf #oy;-1 fsg;gzpapd;NghJ FLk;gj; jiythpd; ngah; AHL gbahf xj;Js;sJ #oy;-2 1(a) FLk;gj; jiyth; fhykhfptpl;lhh; Mdhy; ,ju cWg;gpdh;fs; xNu FLk;gkhf fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; fhzg;gLjy;
fPNo fhz;gpffg;gl;Ls;sgb me;j FLk;gj;jpwfhd ; ; ; thpirapd; fyk;-1 y; FwpaplTk;. FLk;gj; jiyth; khwpAs;s epiyapy; mtuJ ngahpid tl;lkpl;L Gjpa FLk;gj;jiytuJ ngahpid gjpaTk;.
xt;nthU cWg;gpdhpd; epiy gw;wpa tptuj;jpid Fwpg;Giufyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;L;k; gphpT-2/gphpT-3: AHL y; fhzg;gLfpd;w FLk;gk; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ
egf vif
(1) 30
(2) -
(3) -
(4) -
(5) -
(6) -
(7) rutz
(8) 013
(9) 26.2.11 1 2 5
FpL
tir v
L goa sh v
f ol v
br r L v
brr L vthW FL FLg g jiy gag v t Lj bga gLwJ
FLg bjhl v
ghit Fiu l/ L ghitl nj (10) 3 2 1
3 a FLgid AHL bfhL tUj

NH-2 nj sh ntW xU FLgUJ J jbghGJ fzbfL sh fhzgL a FLg kW NH -3 kf bjhif fzbfL nghJ fhzglhk jnghJ fhzgL a FLgij AHL g brj
(1) 40
(2)
(3) 95
(4) 95
(5) FoU
(6)
(7) KUf
(8) 021
(9) -
(10) - -
fil FLgF nH lgL f ikyhd nfhL
41
87/1
87/1
FoU
yR
024
3.2.12
82
egf vif
tir L f v goa ol sh v v
br r L v
FpL
FLg bjhl v
ghit Fiu l/ L ghitl nj
kf bjhif fzbfL nghJ lw kf jF lfis milahs fhQj. tir v js lf tuf lw FLg njhuhakhd FLg 2011, egf ut-28 nj FLg jiyt bga (KG bga) u, j sh flgljh (M/iy) FLg bjhl Fiu v (j got fy v 5 M vW Ujh kL) 3 fy 8, fil tir v bjhl 6 29
FpL
1 8
2 mr mYtf v
3 uhkrh
4 3
5 M
fil FLgF nH lgL f ikyhd nfhL 9 t nfh mU (fol v.7) ru 1 iy
kf bjhif fzbfL nghJ fhzglhk nj sh ntW xU FLgUJ J jbghGJ fhzgL a FLgij AHL g brj
83
egf vif
tPl;L gl;bay; RUf;fj;ij nkgLj - Noy;-6 AHL-ypy; fhzg;gLk; FLk;gkhdJ fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; / rg;-fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;iftpl;L ntspNa nrd;WtpLjy;: ,g;gbahd FLk;gq;fSf;F> fyk; -1 y; X FwpaplTk;.
,t;tptuj;jpid Fwpg;Giu fyk; (10) y; Fwpg;gplTk;. Nkw;fz;l FLk;gkhdJ gphpT-2 y; gjpag;gl;Ls;sjhf ,Ug;gpd;> if fzpdpapy; cs;sL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU FLk;g cWg;gpdhpd; tptuj;jpy; fzf;nfLg;G P gpshf;if tpl;L ntspNawpAs;s tptuk; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;fz;l FLk;gkhdJ> gphpT-3 my;yJ gphpT-4 y; gjpag;gl;bUg;gpd; ifapUg;Gf; fUtpapy; mf;FLk;gj;jpd; thpir vz;izf; fz;lwpe;J fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;iftpl;L ntspNawpAs;s tptuk; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzk; ,uz;L egh;fis nfhz;l FLk;gk; fzf;nfLg;G gpshf; /rg;fzf;nfLg;G ; gpshf;if tpl;L ntspNawp cs;sij fPo;fz;lthW g+h;j;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
2 - FLg fbfL sh/rshUJ btnaa iy
egf vif
(1) 15
(2) 7
(3) 32
(4) 32
(5) FoU
(6) 45
(7) br
(8) 051
(9) 28.04.12 3
FL FL
tir v
L goa sh v
f ol v
br r L v
FLg bjhl v
ghit Fiu l/ L ghitl nj (10) 2
tPl;L gl;bay; RUf;fj;ij rhpghh;j;jy;;- #oy;-7 kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;Gf;F gpd;dh; ,e;j fzf;nfLg;G gpshf;fpy; Fbngah;e;j Gjpa tPlw;w FLk;gj;ij gphpT -4y; gjpT nra;jy;
egf vif
tir v
L goa sh v (2)
f ol v (3)
br r L v (4)
brr L vthW FL FLg g jiy gag v t Lj bga gLwJ (5) M iy (6) 85 86 ufhZ (7)
FLg bjhl v (8)
Fiu ghit l/ L ghitl nj (9) 1 3 (10) 1 2 3
(1) 7 8 9
fil FLgF nH lgL f ikyhd nfhL Fo VW iya mU 97 5
lw FLgij fzbfLF ehsW Fiu fyij bra 84
,izg;G VII
r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjpf; fzf;nfLg;gpy; ghypd ghFghL (ngz;/Mz;) rk;ge;jkhd gpur;ridfs; ;
,f;fzf;nfLg;ghdJ gjpyspg;gtuhy; njhptpf;fg;gLk; tptuq;fspd; mbg;gilapyhd khjphpia rhh;ejjhFk;. fzf;nfLg;gsh;fSf;fhd ifNaL fPo; fz;lthW njhptpf;fpwJ> ; xU FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s ngz; cWg;gpdh; vtNuDk; jd;id jdpf;FLk;gkhf xU fzf;nfLg;gpy; fUj Ntz;Lk; vd KbT nra;jhy; mtiu mt;thNw jdpf;FLk;gkhf Mz;fis Kd;dpUj;jp ,e;jpa r%f vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (mj;jpahak;-3) mikg;gppy; rhjhuzkhf xU ngz; jhd; trpf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpd; jiytuhf fUJtjw;F jFjpngw;wpUg;gpDk; mth; mt;thW njhpag;gLj;Jtjw;F jil Vw;gLk; vd;gjdhy; fzf;nfLg;ghsh;fs; Nkw;fz;l nghUs;gw;wp re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lk; ,y;yhj mstpy; (absolutely critical) njspT ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU ngz; r%fj;jpy; tsh;f;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ve;j #oypYk; mth; MZf;F fl;Lg;gl;lth; vd;wthW fw;gpf;fg;gl;ljd; mbg;gilapy; mth; jd;id jhd; trpf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpd; jiyth; vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jw;FKd;dh; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ Mz; xUth; xU FLk;gj;jpd; FLk;gj;jiytuhf ,Ue;J gpd;dh;> mth; ,we;Jtpl;ljhNyh> jpUkzcwT KwptpdhNyh my;yJ ,lk;ngah;eJtpl;l fhuzj;jpdhNyh mth; ,y;yhj epiyapy;; mf;FLk;gj;jpd; jiytuhf ; fUjg;glNtz;ba ngz; jd;id tpLtpj;J tajilahj (minor) jdJ Mz; kfid FLk;gj; jiytuhf njhptpj;j epfo;Tfs; cs;sd. ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpd; Kd;khjphp epfo;tpYk; Nkw;fz;lthW njhptpf;fg;gl;lij $h;ejha;T (observation team) mzpapdh; ; ; fz;Ls;sdh;. vdNt fzf;nfLg;gpd;nghOJ ve;nje;j FLk;gq;fs; ngz;iz jiyikahf nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gij njspthf mwpe;J mjd; tptuj;jpid fzf;nfLg;gpw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;gpy; njhptpf;f Ntz;baJ kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ,t;thwhd epfo;Tfspy; Nkw;ghh;itahsh; mt;tLfSf;Fr; nrd;W mt;tptuj;jpid rhpghh;ff Ntz;Lk;. P ; ngz; FLk;g jiytuhff; nfhz;Ls;s FLk;gq;fs; vit? r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rhjpf; fzf;nfLg;gpy; fPo;fz;litfs; mlq;Fk;. tpjit> tpthfuj;J ngw;wth;> fztidtpl;L gphpe;jth;, fztuhy; iftplg;gl;lth;, ,uz;lhk; kidtp> jpUkzk; Mfhj ngz; Kjypath;fis jiytuhf nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs; xU FLk;gj;jpw;F Njitahd nghUshjhu %yjdq;fis <l;bf;nfhLg;gjpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;Fk; ngz; Nkw;fz;l nghWg;NghL FLk;gj;jpd; md;whlg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;gtuhfTk; kw;Wk; r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;F nfhs;gtuhFk; ,Ug;ghh;. nghJthf Mz; cWg;gpdh; vtUk; ,y;yhj FLk;gk;> ngz;iz jiyikahff; nfhz;l FLk;gkhf fUjg;gLk;. ,Ug;gpDk; Mz; cWg;gpdh; ,Ue;Jk; mth; 16 Kjy; 59 tajpw;F cl;gl;ltuhf ,y;yhj epiyapYk; mf;FLk;gj;jpid ngz;jiyik nfhz;l FLk;gkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xU FLk;gj;jppy;; fztd; /FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fNshL R%fkhd cwT ,y;yhky; cs;s ngz;zhy; muR rYiffisg; ngwNth tWikapy; ,Ue;J tpLglNth tha;g;gpy;yhj epiyapy; mg;ngz; jd;id jdp FLk;gkhf gjpT nra;a tpUg;gk; njhptpj;jhy; fzf;nfLg;ghsh; mtiu jdpf;FLk;gkhf gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
85
ngz;fis jiyikahf nfhz;Ls;s FLk;gq;fis tpLglhky; fz;lwpe;J tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fNshL mf;FLk;gq;fspd; njhlh;gpid mjpfg;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d? ,e;jpahtpd; Cufg; gFjpfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gy;NtW Ma;Tfspy; ngz;fisj; jiyikahf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs; nghJthf Mz;fis jiyikahf nfhz;l FLk;gq;fistpl kpfTk; Vo;ik epiyapy; cs;sJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;fz;lgbahd FLk;gq;fspd; jiytuhf cs;s ngz;fs; nghJthf Mz;fistpl Fiwe;j fy;tpawpT cs;stuhf ,Ug;gjdhy; mth;fSf;fhd tUkhdk; <l;lf;$ba tha;g;GfSk;> Mz;fNshL xg;gpLifapy; FiwthfNt cs;sd. ngUk;ghyhd FLk;gq;fspy; ngz; fy;tpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jk; toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy. NkYk; ngz;fSf;F FbapUf;Fk; ,lj;ijtpl;L ntspapy; nry;Yk; tha;gGfs; Fiwthf cs;sjhYk; ; FLk;gj;jpd; md;whlg; gzpfis mth;fs; ftdpf;fNtz;bAs;sjhYk; mth;fSf;F tUkhdk; <l;lf;$ba ey;y gzpfis ngw ,ayhj epiy cs;sJ. rhFgb nra;af;$ba epyj;jpd; ruhrhp msit vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhYk; ngz;fis jiytuhff; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;F mJ FiwthfNt cs;sJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapYk; nrhj;J Fiwthf cs;s epiyapy; mth;fshy; fld; trjpNah> %yg; nghUl;fisg; ngwNth Kbahky; tWikapy; tho;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; Gjpjhf jpUkzkhd my; y J Vw; f dNt jpUkzkhd FLk; g q; f is vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhYk; mf;FLk;gq;fspy; cs;s ngz;fSf;F epy nrhj;Jf;fs; (land holdings) Mz;fis xg;gpLifapy; Fiwthd mstpNyNa cs;sJ. jpUkzkhd xU ngz;Zld; tpjit my;yJ tpthfuj;J ngw;w ngz;iz xg;gpLk;nghOJ ,ju epiyfspy; mth;fs; ,UtUk; xj;jpUe;jhYk; mtUf;F nghUs; <l;lf;$ba tha;g;Gfs; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk;. Nkw;fz;l fhuzq;fshy; ,f;fzf;nfLg;gpy; ngz;fis jiytuhf nfhz;l FL;k;gq;fis fz;lwptJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. mjdhy;; ,f;fzf;nfLg;G tptuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; muR eyj;jpl;l cjtpfspy; guk Viog;ngz;fis Kf;fpa ,yf;fhf itj;J nray;gLj;j ,aYk;. r%f #oy;fspd; fhuzkhf> murhy; toq;fg;gLk; cjtpfis ngWtjw;F Njitahd tptuq;fis> ngz; jhdhf Kd;te;J nrhy;y ,aytpy;iy vd;whYk; fzf;nfLg;ghsuhfpa ePq;fs; NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l r%fj;jpd; vjhh;jq;fis kdj;py; nfhz;L fPo;fz;l tptuq;fis gjpT nra;Ak; cq;fsJ Fwpg;gpid jFe;jgb toq;f Ntz;Lk;. FLk;gj;jiyth; jpUkz epiy> Nkw;nfhs;Sk; njhopy; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; fz;lwpjy:; cjhuzkhf tUkhdk; <l;lf;$batuhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapYk; mth; jdJ FLk;gj;jpd; jiyth; vd;gij jhkhfNt Kd;te;J njhptpg;gJ ,y;iy. tPl;bd;; chpik kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jpduhy; cilikapy; cs;s trpf;ff;$ba ; miwfs; rk;ge;jkhd tptuq;fs;: cjhuzkhf tphpthf;fg;gl;l FLk;gj;jpy; (extended s family) Nrh;e;J trpf;Fk; xU tpjitf;F nrhe;jkhf ve;j xU miwAk; ,Ug;gjw;F tha;ggpy;iy. ;
86
,izg;G VIII
rhjp / goq;Fb ngah; gw;wpa Nfs;tpfs; rk;ge;jkhd tpsf;fq;fs;

Nfs;tp:1 gjpy;: gjpyspg;gth; jdJ rhjpapd; ngaiu njhpahjtuhf ,Ug;gpd; mjd; tptuj;jpid vt;thW gjpT nra;tJ? fzf;nfLg;gpd;NghJ gjpyspg;gtuhy; jq;fsJ rhjpapd; ngaiu nrhy;y njhpahj epiyapy;> mf;FLk;gj;jpd; tptuk; njhpe;j cWg;gpdh; my;yJ %j;j cWg;gpdhplk; Nfl;L gjpT nra;ayhk;. NkYk; mf;FLk;gj;jpdNuhL ,uj;j rk;ge;j cwTKiw cs;sth;fs; mf;FLk;gj;jpdUf;F mUfhikapy; trpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; rhjp tptuj;jpid mwpe;J fzf;nfLg;ghsUf;F mt;tptuj;jpid njhptpf;fyhk;. xU FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdh; jdJ rhjpapd; ngah; njhpatpy;iy vd;W TWwh Mdhy; mtuhy; FLk;g ngahpid njhptpf;f KbAk; vd;W TWwh vt;thW gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;? xt;nthU FLk;gg;ngah; gl;lg;ngaiuAk; mJ ve;j rhjpapypUe;J te;Js;sJ ; vd;gij rhpahf fzpj;jpl ,ayhJ> Vnddpy; xNu FLk;gg;ngah; gl;lg;ngah; ,ju gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdh;> gpw;gl;l tFg;gpdh; kw;Wk; nghJ tFg;gpdUf;Fk; nghUe;j tha;g;Gs;sJ. cjhuzkhf: rpq;> th;kh> gpurhj; Nghd;w ngah;fis cilath;fs; ve;j tFg;gpdiuAk; rhh;ejtuhf ; ,Uf;fyhk;. fzf;nfLg;ghsh; gjpyspg;gtiu ,t;tptuk; mwpe;j FLk;g cWg;gpdhplkpUe;Njh my;yJ cwtpdh;fspkpUe;Njh mwpe;J njhptpf;f Nfl;Lf;nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; gjpy; mspg;gtUf;F rhjpapd;; ngah; njhpahj epiyapYk; NtW vthplkpUe;Jk; mwpe;J nfhs;s ,ayhj epiyapYk; mth; jdJ FLk;gg;ngahpid gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s tpUk;gpdhy; mjd; tptuk; gjpT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; rhjp tptuk; rk;ge;jkhf gjpyspg;gtuhy; njhptpf;fg;gLk; tptuj;jpidAk; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; gjpTnra;a Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzq;fs;: th;kh(fa];jh)> rh;kh (jr;RNtiy nra;gth;)> rpq; (Fh;kp)> rpq; (uh[Gj;jpuh;)> gpurhj; (ahjt;)> gpurhj; (Fk;fh;)> kQ;rp (rhe;js;)> kQ;rp (kr;Rtuh> kPdth;) Kjypad. gjpy; mspg;gth; jkf;Nfh jdJ FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s vtUf;Fk; mth;fsJ rhjpapd; ngah; njhpatpy;iy vd njhptpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; mij vt;thW gjpT nra;tJ?
Nfs;tp:2
gjpy;:
Nfs;tp:3
gjpy;: Nkw;fz;l tpdhf;fSf;fhd gjpy;fspy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lthW rhjpapd; ngaiu mwpa KayNtz;Lk;. mt;thW midj;J topfspy; Kad;Wk; rhjpapd; ngah; mwpa ,aytpy;iy vdpy; rhjpapd; ngah; njhpatpy;iy (Caste not known) vd gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
87
Nfs;tp:4
gjpy; mspg;gth; jd;Dila Nfhj;jpuk;/Fyk;/th;zj;ij jdJ rhjpapd; ngauhf gjpT nra;a tpUg;gk; njhptpj;jhy; mjid vt;thW gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;? Nfhj;jpuk;/Fyk;/th;zk; vd;gJ rhjpia Fwpg;gJ ,y;iy vd;gij gjpy; mspg;gthplk; rpy cjhuzq;fs; nrhy;yp Ghpaitf;f Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzk;: rhe;jy; ,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtUf;F f];ag; vd;gJ Nfhj;jpuj;ij Fwpf;Fk;. kh;K vd;gJ mjd; Fyj;jpid Fwpg;gjhFk; my;yJ itrpah; vd;gJ ehd;F thzhrpukj;jpy; xd;iwf; Fwpg;gjhFk;. ahjt; ,dj;ijr; Nrhe;jth; jdJ ngaUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jdJ rhjpapd; ngaiu Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;thh;;. vdNt rhjpf;Fg;gjpyhf Nfhj;jpuk; my;yJ th;zj;ij gjpT nra;tjhy; mf;FLk;gj;jpw;fhd gjpTfs; mth;fsJ rhjpapd; gbahd tifapy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl tha;g;gpy;iy vd;gjid gjpy; mspg;gth; czUk;gb nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. rpyh; jq;fsJ rhjpapd; ngaUld; jq;fis OBC/MBC/BC vd gjpT nra;a tpUg;gk; njhptpg;gpd;> me;epfo;tpy; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;.? vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf xUth; jdJ rhjpapd; ngah; Fk;fh; vd;Wk; mJ MBC vd;Wk; njhptpg;ghuhdhy; mjid Fk;fh;( MBC) vd mjhtJ MBC vd;gjid Nfs;tp ml;ltizapd; A gf;fj;jpw;fhd tpdh vz; 17-f;fhd gjpyhf rhjpapd; ngaUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW gjpT nra;ag;gLtjhy; tptuq;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; rkaj;jpy; cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. mjhtJ egh;fSf;fhd xNu ngauhdJ gy rhjpapid Nrh;e;jth;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy;; tifg;gLj;Jtjpy; rpukk; Vw;glhJ. Nkw;fz;l tifapNyNa OBC, MBC kw;Wk; BC Nghd;w gphpTfspy; mlq;fp cs;sth;fs; jq;fsJ rhjpapd; ngaUld; mg;gphpTfis gjpT nra;a tpUg;gk; njhptpg;gpd; mt;thNw gjpTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rhjp kw;Wk; kjj;jpd; tptuq;fs; nghJkf;fspd; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gLkh? rh kW kj tuf bghJkf ghitF itfglkhlhJ. UD fzbfLfgl eg jid SC/ST vW nf 16 g brUjh meg SC/ST iy kLnk ghitF itfgL.
gjpy;:
Nfs;tp:5 gjpy;:
Nfs;tp:6 gjpy;:
88
nf mltiz efu
89
r_f - bghUshjhu kW rh fzbfL -2011

mikld sh - A : mikld tuf khy : efu : FpL FpL khtl : thL v : FpL
sh - B : NPR mltizy css tufs csL braagoUF L goay/ sh v sh - D : jeg tuf t ir v eg bga FLg jiytUF (FLg cwKiw jiytlUJ bjhlf) (cw Kiwid KGikahf ga ntL) ghd 1. M 2. bg 3. ju wj ML Ukz jij jhah bjh / (My eh iy bga bga eltoif fhogo) 1.Ukz (thf Mfhjt ga) 2. jbghGJ Ukzkhd iy Ugt 3. Jiz Hjt 4.jt 5.thfu jhdt FLg v
(1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
90
nf mltiz - efu
tl: FpL
Side - A
FLgd tif rhjhuz ...... 1 iya ...... 2 lww ...... 3
lwwt vy fhgfy jFgtuh? (M - 1 , iy 2)
sh - C : Lgoa RUfUJ vLJ gagl ntL fzbfL sh v / r-sh v

(-1 6-tJ d) -
FLg bjhl v ( 2/3- fy -8 myyJ -4 fy-6) fzbfL sh tif (Foir gF-1, Foir gF yyhjJ-2
(mffgl efufSF) [kfsbjhif fzbfL bghW gnto, nkghitahs tl, fy 17- UJ vLJ ga ntL]
mfgr f iy
1.vGj gof bjahjt 2. vGj gof bjjt Mdh bjhlf fF H 3. bjhlf f 4. eLiy fy 5. caiy fy 6.nkiy f 7.sfiy gljh myJ mjF nk 8.kwtf (Fl)
tUkhdfhd Ka Mjhu / tUkhd <Ljy

1. irvLgt/Fig bghWFgt 2. L ntiy brgt 3. eilghij ahgh/brU ijgt/ T wgt/bjUf bjhy bra kwwtfs 4. fLkhd gahs/FHh gGJ ghgt / bfhjdh / bjhyh/ tz Rgt/ btl/ ghJfh fhty/T kW jiyRik gahs 5. Ju gahs/njhlfhu 6. oy j ntiy bragt/ ifidP/ ifbjh/ ijafhu 7. nghFtuJ gahs/ XLe/ elJe/ XLe kW elJeUF cjahs/to Ggt/ h XLgt 8. mfho gahs/ cjahs/ a Wtd filiy Ca/ nahf cjahs/ Wo gahs 9. gahs/gGJghgt/ auf bghUJgt/gGJ F gahs. 10.ryit bjhyh/ fhtyhs. 11. ju gahsf 12. ntiy brahjtf (Xa/thlif/to Kjad) 13. vj tUkhdK yhjt.
Ca khW <Lgt wdh uhd 1. f

(FpL v) 1. d T 2. thu 3. khj 4. vngh jhtJ 5.Ca <lhj tf
ehsgl kj ah (kj
bgaiu KG 1. Wneh ikahf 2. fhrneh ga) 3. bjhG neh 4. kwwit 5. ehgl ah iy
rh / gHFo iy
FpL tHf fy 16 FpL 1, 2 bL myyJ 3 tFd (SC)-1 Ff bL go gHFod Ujhy (ST)-2 rh/ kwtf - 3 gHFo vj rh / bgaiu gHFoia rhuhjt -4 ga myyJ (bL fy 16 tFd (SC) FpL 4 J, a Ff kwW j goUjhy kjij rhj X tuhfjh Uf ntL. vW ga. bL
gHFod (ST) vj kjij rhjtuhf Ufyh)
ghity 2.nfgy 3. ng 4.mir 5. kd ts Fiw 6. kd nehahy 7.kwwtif Cd 8.gytif Cd 9.FiwghL yhjt
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
91
nf r_f - bghUshjhu kW rh fzbfL - 2011 - nf mltiz - efu sh - E : FLgfhd tuf Side - B

-1 L / tl
tF miw TiuF ujhdkhf gadgLjgl fLkhd bghUs (FpL v) j o cik iy (1.brhjkhd, 2. thlif, 3. gF, 4.ntiy mgtUl tgt, 5. ntiy mgt bfhLF oy tgt , 6. ju tif
-2 trfs
-3 FLgF fl brhJf csdth? (FpL bfhLf)
FLg unafkhf ftiw gadgLJwjh (1.M, 2.yiy)
j oF unafkhf cs thG miw vif (0,1,2,3 .. vd g bra)
f btnaw iz (1._oa tofhy, 2.wj tofhy, 3.tofhy iz yiy
bjhiyng / ifng cssjh(M : bjhiyng kL - 1, ifng kL-2, uL-3, vJ yiy-4 )
f / kof csjh? (M : iza trl-1, iza tr yyhk-2, vJ yiy-3)
tF miw RtUF ujhdkhf gadgLjgl fLkhd bghUs (FpL v)
sF xfhd ujhd vbghU 1.d iz, 2.kbzbza, 3.Na r, 4.ju vbza , 5.kwwit 6. sF tr yiy
Fgjd bgo (Refrigerator) cssjh (1.M, 2.yiy)
au thfd csjh? (1.Urfu, 2.KdW rfu, 3.ehdF rfu, 4. vJ yiy)

13
Frhjdbgo (AC) csjh? (1.M, 2.yiy)

14
FLg rikaYbfW j miw gagLwjh? (1-M, 2-iy)
Fo tr ilF l 1. od csns, 2.od mUy, 3. bjhiyy
10
11
12
15
sh -E - fhd FpL :
fy v 1 : tF miw RtUF ujhdkhf gagLjgl fLkhd bghU 1. /Xiy/_ nghwit 2. sho/gh 3. k/Rlhj brf 4. ku 5. rglhj f Rt 6. rgl f Rt 7. .I cnyhf / Mbglh jfLf 8. Rl brf 9. fh 0. ju tif fy v 2 : tF miw TiuF ujhdkhf gagLjgl bghU 1. /Xiy/_/ku/k nghwit 2. sho/gh 3. ifah jahfgL XLf 4. au cg XLf 5. Rl brf 6. f 7. fgyif 8. .I cnyhf/ Mbglh jfLf 9. fh 0. ju tif
sh - F: :
flha cWbkh fzbfL Kojl fzbfLghs nH FlgLs nffis gygtl nff ntL. 1. kj kW rh / gHFo ga tuf ju kw tufis bghJ btpL bra FLg cWdf xj mJsduh? ( M -1 , iy -2) 2. gygt bfhLj jftfis fzbfLghs xJ bfhwhuh? (M -1 , iy -2) 3. sh F nfF iy v thd fhuz bfhLf (100 vGJfSF fhk)
92
JitF au csjh? (1.M, 2.yiy)
Cn & IX LIST OF SCHEDULED CASTES, SCHEDULED TRIBES IN TAMILNADU
u|mi E mk S, mk [Si mi
SI. No.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Scheduled Castes (SC)

Adi Andhra Adi Dravida Adi Karnataka Ajila Arunthathiyar Ayyanavar (in Kanyakumari District
and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)
mk S (SC)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Bv Bv Bv vh Bv P|hP A Auv A (PS mh v|

mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
Baira Bakuda Bandi
10. Bellara 11. Bharatar

( in Kanyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)
7. 8. Th 9. si 10. 11. u (PS mh v|

mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
12. Chakkiliyan 13. Chalavadi 14. Chamar, Muchi 15. Chandala 16. Cheruman 17. Devendrakulathan 18. Dom, Dombara, Paidi, Pano 19. Domban 20. Godagali 21. Godda 22. Gosangi 23. Holeya 24. Jaggali 25. Jambuvulu 26. Kadaiyan 27. Kakkalan (in Kanyakumari District and
Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
\UQ \i \, a] \sh \ uvSzu h, u, v, u PhP Pmh P\[Q UP Ph PUP (PS mh v|

mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
28. Kalladi 29. Kanakkan, Padanna ( in the Nilgirls District) 30. Karimpalan
28. Pi 29. PnUP, hsn 30. P i
(}Q mhzv mk)
SI. No.
mk S (SC)
31. Kavara ( in Kanyakumari District and

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. ii
(PS mh v|
\[Pmh mh mk) mhzv
32. Koliyan 33. Koosa 34. Kootan, Koodan ( in Kanyakumari District and
P T\ Tzu, Th (PS mh
v| mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
35. Kudumban 36. Kuravan, Sidhanar 37. Madari 38. Madiga 39. Maila 40. Mala 41. Mannan ( in Kanyakumari District and
Sk S, ]zu u vP (PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
42. Mavilan 43. Moger 44. Mundala 45. Nalakeyava 46. Nayadi 47. Padannan ( in Kanyakumari District and
P sh |P |v usn
(PS mh
48. Pagadai 49. Pallan 50. Palluvan 51. Pambada 52. Panan (in Kanyakumari District and
Ph h n (PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
53. Panchama 54. Pannadi 55. Panniandi 56. Paraiyan, Parayan, Sambavar 57. Paravan (in Kanyakumari District and
g\ i si , , \ (PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
58. Pathiyan (in Kanyakumari District and

(PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
59. Pulayan, Cheramar 60. Puthirai Vannan
, \ v sn
SI. No.
61. Raneyar
mk S (SC)
62. Samagara 63. Samban 64. Sapari 65. Semman 66. Thandan (in Kanyakumari District and
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
n \P \ \ \ ush
(PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
67. Thoti 68. Tiruvalluvar 69. Vallon 70. Valluvan 71. Vannan (in Kanyakumari District and
umi v sn (PS mh
72. Vathiriyan 73. Velan 74. Vetan (in Kanyakumari District and
zv h (PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk)
75. Vettiyan 76. Vettuvan (in Kanyakumari District and

mi mk (PS mh
SI. No.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Scheduled Tribes (ST)

Adiyan Aranadan Eravallan Irular Kadar Kammara (Excluding Kanyakumari District and
mk [Si (ST)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Bv A|h G C Ph P (PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh mk fyhf)
Kanikaran, Kanikkar (in Kanyakumari District

and Shenkottah and Ambasamudram Taluk of Tirunelveli District)
PoUP, PoUP (PS mh

v| mhzv \[Pmh mh A\zv mh[P mk)
8. 9.
Kaniyan, Kanyan Kattunayakan
10. Kochu Velan 11. Konda Kapus 12. Kondareddis 13. Koraga
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. iii
P, P Pmk|UP Pa_ PshPP PshmiP PP
SI. No.
Scheduled Tribes (ST)
mk [Si (ST)
14. Kota (Excluding Kanyakumari District and

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Ph
(PS mh v|
mhzv \[Pmh mh fyhf)
15. Kudiya, Melakudi 16. Kurichchan 17. Kurumbas (in the Nilgiris District) 18. Kurumans 19. Maha Malasar 20. Malai Arayan 21. Malai Pandaram 22. Malai Vedan 23. Malakkuravan 24. Malasar 25. Malayali (in Dharmapuri, North Arcot
Pudukottai, Salem, South Arcot and Tiruchirapalli District)*
Si, USi Sa\ SP (}Q mhzv mk) SP \ A sh h US \ (u, h BPk, xUPmh, \,

u BPk va] mh[P mk)*
26. Malayakandi 27. Mannan 28. Mudugar, Muduvan 29. Muthuvan 30. Pallayan 31. Palliyan 32. Palliyar 33. Paniyan 34. Sholaga 35. Toda (Excluding Kanyakumari District and
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
UPsi kP, k zx o \P uh (PS mh v|

mhzv \[Pmh mh fyhf)
36. Uraly
* The entry is to be read as In * Cv u, QnQ, ,

Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Pudukottai, Salem, Namakkal, Vilupuram, Cuddalore, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur And Ariyalur Districts.
vsn, xUPmh, \, |UP, , Ph, va], P, A mh[P GiUP.
iv
LIST OF BACKWARD CLASSES, BACKWARD CLASS MUSLIMS, MOST BACKWARD CLASSES AND DENOTIFIED COMMUNITIES
gLjgl tFd, f gLjgl tFd kW kud goa
1. G.O.Ms.No.85 BC, MBC & MW Department Dated 29.07.2008 2. G.O.Ms.No.96 BC, MBC & MW Department (BCC) Dated 08.09.2008 3. G.O.Ms.No.97 BC, MBC & MW Department (BCC) Dated 29.07.2008 4. G.O.Ms.No.37 BC, MBC & MW Department (BCC) Dated 21.05.2009 5. G.O.Ms.No.98 BC, MBC & MW Department (BCC) Dated 5.11.2009
I. List of Backward Classes SI.No.

1. 2 3
Backward Classes (BC)
gLjgl tFd (BC)

myJ JSt
Agamudayar including Thozhu or 1. mfKilah, bjhG Thuluva Vellala btshs cgl Agaram Vellan Chettiar
2. mfu btshbroah
Alwar, Azhavar and Alavar (in 3. Mth, mHt kW mst (fahFk Kanniyakumari District and khtlY, Ubent khtl Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli brnfhil tlY) District.) Servai(except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, 4. nrit, (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtl fyhf) Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts.) Nulayar (in Kanniyakumari District and 5. Eya (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli tlY) District) Archakarai Vellala
6. mrfiu ntshs
4 5
6 7.
Aryavathi(in Kanniyakumari District 7. Mat (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli tlY) District) Ayira Vaisyar Badagar Billava Bondil Perambalur, Pudukottai, The Nilgiris, Salem , Namakkal, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts). Pedda Boyar
8. Mu ita 9. glf 10. yth 11. bgho Jnfhil, y, nry, ehkf. jUk, kW UZz khtlf fyhf) bgjngha, (Uuhhg, f%,
8. 9 10 11 12
Boyas (except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, 12. nghaf, (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh,
SI.No.

(except Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Oddars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Madurai,Theni and Dindigul Districts) Kaloddars (except Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem and Namakkal Districts) Nellorepet oddars (except Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Sooramari oddars ( except Salem and Namakkal Districts)
gLjgl tFd (BC)

bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf fyhf) Xlf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Uuhg, f%, bgugYh, Jnfhil, kJiu, nj kW Lf khtlf fyhf) f xlf , (fhu, Utq, uhkehju, tfif, UJef, kJiu, nj, Lf, Jnfhil, Uuhg, f%, bgugYh, Ubent, JhJFo ehkf kW nry khtlf fyhf)
beYhngil Xlf (ntYh,

Utzhkiy khtlf fyhf) Nukh xlf (nry kW ehkf khtl fyhf)
13.
Chakkala (except Sivaganga, V i r u d h u n a g a r , Ramanathapuram,Thanjavur Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul and the Nilgiris Districts) Chavalakarar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District Chettu or Chetty (including Kottar Chetty, Elur Chetty, Pathira Chetty,Valayal Chetty,Pudukadai Chetty ) (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Chowdry
13. rfhyh (tfif, UJef, uhkehju, jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, Uuhg, f% bgugYh, kJiu, nj, Lf kW y khtlf fyhf).
14
14 rtyfhu(fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 15 brL myJ bro (nfhlh bro, VYh bro, ghubro, tisa bro, Jfil bro, cgl) fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY. 16 brs 16-A f iyaf Uiff kW muR gf UiffSF l xJL bgW nehffhf jiyKiwia bghUgLjhk,
15
16
16 (A) Converts to Christianity from Scheduled Castes irrespective of the generation of conversion (except the Paravar converts to Christianity of
vi
SI.No.

Kanniyakuari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)
gLjgl tFd (BC)

Muhl tFdfUJ UJtuhf kj khatf. (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 16-B bja Urig Kdh bj...x) (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 18 njthf, nrl 19 bjhkhf(Jnfhil, Uuhg, f% kW bgugYh khtlf fyhf)
16 (B) C.S.I formerly S.I.U.C (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) 18 19 Devangar, Sedar Dombs (except Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli ,Karur and Perambalur Districts) Dommars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts) Enadi Ezhavathy (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Ezhuthachar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Ezhuva (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Gangavar Gavara, Gavarai and Vadugar (Vaduvar) (Other than Kamma, Kapu, Balija and Reddi) Gounder Gowda (including Gammala, Kalali and Anuppa Gounder) Hegde Idiga IllathuPillaimar, Illuvar, Ezhuvar and Illathar
njhkf ,
(jrh,ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, ntYh kW Utzhkiy khtlf fyhf) 20 Vdh 21 vHt(fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 22 vGjr (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 23 vGth (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 24 ffth 25 ftuh, ftiu kW tLf (tLt) (fkh, fh g#h kW buo yhj w) 26 bfsl 27 bfslh (fkhs, fyh kW mDg fl nrJ) 28 bAnl 29 ofh 30 yJiskh, Yt, vGt kW yjh
20 21
22
23
24 25
26 27 28 29 30
vii
SI.No.
31 32

Jhetty Jogis (Except Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul Cuddalore, Villupuram, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Kabbera Kaikolar, Sengunthar Kaladi (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanatha puram, Madurai,Theni,Dindigul,Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts) Kalari Kurup including Kalari Panicker (in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Kalingi Kallar, Easanattu kallar, Gandharva Kottai Kallars(except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and pudukottai Districts) Kootappal Kallars -(except Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts) Piramalai Kallars- (except S i v a g a n g a , Vi r u d h u n a g a r, Ramanathapuram. Madurai. Theni, Dindigul, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Tiruvarur Districts)Periyasooriyur Kallars(except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Kallar Kula Thondaman Kalveli Gounder Kambar Kammalar or Viswakarma ,
gLjgl tFd (BC)

31 b#o 32 n#hf, (fhu, Utq, kJiu, nj, Lf, flYh, Gu, ntYh kW Utzhkiy khtlf fyhf) 33 fnghuh 34 ifnfhs, brFj 35 fhyho, (tfif, UJef, uhkehju, kJiu, nj, Lf, jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, Uuhg, f% kW bgugYh khtlf fyhf) 36 fs F%, fs gf cgl (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY)
33 34 35
36
37 38
37 f 38 fs, <rehLfs, fjtnfhil fsf cgl (jrh, ehfgod, Uth% kW Jnfhil khtlf Tjgh fsf fyhf) (Jnfhil Uuhg, f%, bgugYh khtlf fyhf.) ukiy fsf (tfif, UJef, uhkehju, kJiu, nj, Lf, Jnfhil, jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, khtlf fyhf) bga N fsf (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf fyhf) 39 fs Fy bjhilkh 40 fhnt bfsl 41 fg 42 fkhs myJ tfkh, tfkhyh (jlh, bghbfhy, fdh, fUkh,
39 40 41 42
viii
SI.No.

Viswakarmala (including Thattar, Porkollar, Kannar, Karumar, Kollar, Thacher, Kal Thacher, Kamsala and Viswa brahmin.
gLjgl tFd (BC)

bfhy, jr,fjr, frhyh kW tukhz cgl)
43 44 45
Kani, Kanisu, Kaniyar Pannikar Kaniyala Vellalar Kannada Saineegar ,Kannadiyar (Throughout the State) and Dasapalanjika (Coimbatore, Erode and the Nilgiris Districts) Kannadiya Naidu Karpoora Chettiar Karuneegar (Seer Karuneegar, Sri Karuneegar, Sarattu Karuneegar, Kaikatti Karuneegar, Mathuvazhi Kanakkar, Sozhi Kanakkar, and Sunnambu Karuneegar) Kasukkara Chettiar Katesar, Pattamkatti Kavuthiyar Kerala Mudali Kharvi Khatri Kongu Vaishnava Kongu Vellalars( including Vellala Gounder, Nattu Gounder, Narambukkatti Gounder, Tirumudi Vellalar, Thondu Vellalar, Pala Gounder, Poosari Gounder, Anuppa Vellala Gounder, Kurumba Gounder, Padaithalai Gounder, Chendalai Gounder, Pavalankatti Vellala Gounder, Pallavellala Gounder Sanku Vellala Gounder,and Rathinagiri Gounder).
43 f, fR, fa, gf 44 fahy ntshs 45 fdl irf, fdoah, (khy KGtY) kW jrgyhfh (nfhaJh, <nuhL kW y khtlf) 46 fdoaehL 47 fu broah 48 fUf(fUf, $fUf, ruL fUf, iffo fUf, khJtfzf, nrhfzf kW Rzh fUf) 49 fhRfhu broah 50 fnlr, glfo 51 fa 52 nfusKj 53 fh 54 f 55 bfhF itzt 56 bfhF ntshsf, (btshs fl, ehL fl, eufo fl,UKo ntshs, bjhL btshs, ghy bfsl, rh bfsl, mDg ntshs bfsl, FUg fl, giljiy bfsl, brjiy bfsl, ghtyfo btshs bfsl, ghy btshbfsl, rF btshs fl kW ud bfsl cgl.
46 47 48
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
ix
SI.No.
57 58 59

KoppalaVelama Koteyar Krishnanvaka (in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Kudikara Vellalar Kudumbi ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Kuga Vellalar Kunchidigar
gLjgl tFd (BC)

57 nfhgy ntykh 58 nfhnla 59 Uthfh (fahFk, khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY. 60 Fofhu ntshs 61 FL (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY.) 62 Ff ntshs 63 Fof 63A y fnjhff (fahFk khtlYs y fnjhf tzhiu ju) 63B y fnjhff Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY. 64 ygho 65 fha (#fkh) 66 kuhoa (uhkzuyhnjh) (ehnj kuhoa cgl) 67 kya 68 kh 69 khafh 70 kwtf(jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, uhkehju, tfif, UJef, Ubent kW JhJFo khtlf fyhf) fUkwtf,
60 61
62 63
63 (A) Latin Catholics except Latin Catholic Vannar in Kanniyakumari District. 63 (B) Lathin Catholics in Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District. 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Lambadi Lingayat (Jangama) Mahratta (Non-Brahmin) (including Namdev Mahratta) Malayar Male Maniagar Maravars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinum , Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Toothukudi Districts) Karumaravars Appanad Kondayam kottai Maravars (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Theni and Dindigul Districts.) Sambanad Maravars - (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, and Ramanathapuram Districts)
mgdhL bfhila nfhil kwt (tfif, UJef, uhkehju,

kJiu, nj kW Lf khtlf fyhf) kW brgdhL kwtf (tfif, UJef kW uhkehju khtlf fyhf)
SI.No.
71 72 73 74

Moondrumandai Enbathunalu (84) Ur. Sozhia Vellalar Mooppan Muthuraja, Muthuracha, Muthiriyar, Mutharaiyar Nadar, Shanar and Gramani ( including Christian Nadar, Christian Nadar, Christian Shanar and Christian Gramani ) Nagaram Naikkar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Nangudi Vellalar Nanjil Mudali ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Odar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District Odiya Oottruvalanattu Vellalar O.P.S. Vellalar Ovachar Paiyur Kotta Vellalar Pamulu Panar (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Caste)
gLjgl tFd (BC)

71 _W kil vgJehY (84) C nrha ntshs 72 _g 73 KJuhrh, Kjiua KJuhrh, Ka,
74 ehlh, rhzh kW uhk (UJt ehlh, UJt rhdh kW UJt uhk cgl) 75 efu 76 ehaf (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY.) 77 ehFo ntshs 78 eh Kj (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 79 Xl (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 80 Xah 81 CW tsehL ntshs 82 X..v.ntshs 83 ctr 84 g nfhl ntshs 85 ghKY 86 ghz (j d M uhl tFduhf UF fahFk khtlY Ubent khtl brnfhil tl fyhf) 86A ghoa btshs
75 76
77 78
79
80 81 82 83 84 85 86
86 (A) Pandiya Vellaiar 87 88 89 - Omitted Kathikarar in Kanniyakumari District Pannirandam Chettiar or Uthama Chettiar
87 fglJ 88 ffhu (fahFk khtl) 89 gulh broah myJ cjk broah
xi
SI.No.
90 91 92

Parkavakulam (including Surithimar, Nathamar,Malayamar,MoopanarandNainar) Perike (including Perike Balija) Perumkollar ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Podikara Vellalar Pooluva Gounder Poraya Pulavar (in Coimbatore and Erode Districts) Pulluvar or Pooluvar Pusala Reddy (Ganjam) Sadhu Chetty (including Telugu Chetty, Twenty four Manai Telugu Chetty) Sakkaravar or Kavathi (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Salivagana Saliyar, Padmasaliyar, Pattusaliyar, Pattariyar, and Adhaviyar Savalakkarar Senaithalaivar, Senaikudiyar and Illaivaniar
gLjgl tFd (BC)

90 ghftFy (RUkh, ejkh, kaykh, _gdh kW iedh cgl) 91 bgU (bgg#h cgl) 92 bgUbfhs, (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 93 bghofhu ntshs 94 Yt fl 95 bghuhah 96 yt (nfhaJh, <nuhL khtlf) 97 St myJ Yht 98 ryh 99 buo (fr) 100rhJbro, (bjYF bro, UgJ ehF kidbjYF bro cgl) 101 rfuth myJ ft (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY.) 102rhthfdh 103rhah, gkrha, gL rha, glha kW mla 104rtyfhu 105nrid jiyt, nridFoa kW iytha 105A rhuFy btshs
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101
102 103 104 105
105 A Serakula Vellalar 106 107 Sourashtra (Patnulkarar) Sozhiavellalar (including Sozha Vellalar, Vetrilaikarar, Kodikalkarar and Keeraikarar) Srisayar Sundaram Chetty
106brsuhouh (gLEhfhu) 107 nrha btshs(nrhH btsh, btiyfhu, bfhofhfhu kW iufhu 108$ra 109Rju bro
108 109
xii
SI.No.
110 111

Thogatta Veerakshatriya Tholkollar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Tholuva Naicker and Vetalakara Naicker Omitted Thoraiyar Ukkirakula Kshatriya Naicker Uppara, Uppillia and Sagara Urali Gounder (except Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur and Pudukottai District) and Orudaya Gounder or Oorudaya Gounder ( in Madurai ,Theni, Dindigul, Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur, Pudukottai, Salem and Namakkal Districts) Urikkara Nayakkar
gLjgl tFd (BC)

110 bjhflh ura 111 njh bfhy, (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY) 112 bjhSt ehaf kW btjyfhu ehaf 113 fglJ 114 njha 115 cuFy ra ehaf 116 cghuh, cah kW rfhuh 117 Cuh fl, (Uuhg, f%,, bgugYh kW Jnfhil, khtlf fyhf) kW xUila fl
112 113 114 115 116 117
myJ CUila fl (kJiu,

nj, Lf, nfhaJh, <nuhL, Uuhg, f%, bgugYh, Jnfhil, nry kW ehkf khtlf 118 cfhu ehaf 118A ubfho btshs 119 tyg 119A tyehL broah
118
118 (A) Virakodi Vellala 119 Vallambar
119 (A) Vallanattu Chettiar 120 121 Valmiki Vaniyar, Vania Chettiar (including Gandla, Ganika, Telikula and Chekkalar) Veduvar and Vedar (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Castes) Veerasaiva (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )
120th 121 tha, tha broah, (fly, ffh, bjFy kW brfyh cgl) 122ntLt kW ntl (r_fd Muhluhf UF fahFk khtl Ubent khtl brnfhil tl fyhf 123u irth (fahFk, khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY)
122
123
xiii
SI.No.
124 125 126

Velar Vellan Chettiar Veluthodathu Nair (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District) Vokkaligar (including Vakkaligar, Okkaligar, Kappiliyar, Kappailiya, Okkiliga Gowda, Okkaliya - Gowda, Okkaliya - Gowder, Okkaliya Gowda) Wynad Chetty (The Nilgiris District) Yadhava (including Idaiyar, Telugu Speaking Idaiyar known as Vaduga Ayar or Vaduga Idaiyar or Golla and Asthanthra Golla) Yavana Yerukula
gLjgl tFd (BC)

124nts 125btsbroah 126btYbjhlJ eha (fahFk khtlY, Ubent khtl brnfhil tlY 127 bthfhf (tfhf, Xfha, fa, fah, Xfha bfslh, xfha bfslh, xfhafl, xfha fl cgl) 128taehL bro (y khtl) 129ahjth (ila, tLf Ma myJ tLf ila myJ bfhyh kW mju bfhyh vd miHfgLw bjYF bkh ngR ila cgl 130atd 131 VUFyh 131A vj xU J gLjl tF myJ f gLjgl tF myJ kud dfUJ UJt kjF khatf (dt, gtjuh#Fy, glzt, brglt, KFth myJ Kifa, kW gutUJ UJt kjF kj khatf fyhf 132 10 taJ miltjF Kd bgnwhfis Hj Mjutwtf, rlgo myJ tHfgo, j J mfiw bfhs vtUyhjtf kW murh myJ murh Vgfgl gf myJ mdhij yf nrfgl Mjutwtf.
127
128 129
130 131
131 (A) Converts to Chritianity from any Hindu backward Classes Community or most Backward Classes Community (except the Converts to Christianity from Meenavar, Parvatharajakulam, Pattanavar, Sembadavar, Mukkuvar or Mukayar and Paravar) or Denotified Communities. 132 Orphans and destitute children who have lost their parents before reaching the age of ten and are destitutes; and who have nobody else to take care of them either by law or custom; and also who are admitted into any of the schools or orphanages run by the Government or recognized by the Government.
II. List of Backward class Christians Omitted

xiv
III. List of Backward Class Muslims gLjgl tFd yha goa

1. Ansar 2. Dekkani Muslims 3. Dudekula 4. Labbais including Rowthar and Marakayar (whether their spoken language is Tamil or Urdu 5. Mapilla 6. Sheik 7. Syed
1 mrh 2 jfh K 3 JFyh 4 yigf, uhj kW kiufha cgl (mtf ngR bkh jHhf myJ cUJthf UD) 5 khsh 6 n 7 ira
IV. List of Most Backward Classes (MBC) f gLjgl tFd goa (MBC)
1 2 2 (A) 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ambalakarar Andipandaram Arayar (in Kanniyakumari District) Bestha, Siviar Bhatraju (other than Kshatriya Raju) Boyar, Oddar Dasari Dommara Eravallar (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Tribe) Isaivellalar Jambuvanodai Jangam Jogi Kongu Chettiar (in Coimbatore and Erode Districts only) Koracha
1 mgyfhu
2 Moglhu 2A mua (fahFk khtl) 3 bgjh, a 4 guh#] (ra uh#]f fyhf) 5 ngha, Xl 6 jhr 7 bjhkuh 8 Vuts (djhf gHFo duhfs) (fahFk khtl kW Ubent khtl brnfhil tl fyhf) 9 ir ntshs 10 #thndhil 11 #f 12 n#h 13bfhF broa, (nfhaJh kW <nuhL khtlf kL) 14 bfhurh
9 10 11 12 13 14
xv
List of Most Backward Classes (MBC) f gLjgl tFd goa (MBC)

15 16 17 18 Kulala (including Kuyavar and Kumbarar) Kunnuvar Mannadi Kurumba, Kurumba Gounder Kuruhini Chetty
15 Fyhyh (Fat, Fgu cl) 16 FDt kdho 17 FWg, FWg fl 18 FW bro 18A y fnjhf UJt tzh(fahFk khtl) 19 kUJt, ehj, kfyh, ntyflyth, ntyfly eha kW nuhndhgfh 20 nkh bfhyh 21 klhl bro 22 knfuh, nkjuh 24 eFwt 25 nehf 25A gh irt/gh t
18 (A) Latin Catholic Christian Vannar (in Kanniyakumari District) 19 Maruthuvar, Navithar, Mangala, Velakattalavar, Velakatalanair and Pronopakari Mond Golla Moundadan Chetty Mahendra, Medara Narikoravar Nokkar Panisaivan / Panisivan Vanniakula Kshatriya ( including Vanniyar, Vanniya, Vannia Gounder, Gounder or Kander, Padayachi, Palli and Agnikula Kshatriya) Paravar (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the Community is Scheduled Caste)
20 21 22 24 25 25A 26
26 taFy ra (ta, tah, tafl, fl myJ fl, gilah, g kW mFy ra cgl) 27 gwt. (rKjhad goa tFduhf cs (fahFk khtl kW Ubent khtl brnfhil tl fyhf) UJt kjF khat 27 A UJtUJ gwt dF khat (fahFk khtl kW Ubent khtl brnfhil tl cgl. 28 dt (gtjuh#Fy, gldth, brglt UJt kjF khat cgl)
27
27 (A) Paravar converts to christianity incluting the Paravar converts to christianity of Kanniyakumari District and Shencotah Taluk of Tirunelveli District. 28 Meenavar (Parvatharajakulam, Pattanavar, Sembadavar) ( including converts to Christianity)
xvi
List of Most Backward Classes (MBC) f gLjgl tFd goa (MBC)

29 30 31 32 Mukkuvar or Mukayar (including converts to Christianity Punnan Vettuva Gounder Pannayar (other than Kathikarar in Kanniyakumari District) Sathatha Srivaishnava (including Sathani, Chattadi and Chattada Srivaishnava) Sozhia Chetty Telugupatty Chetty Thottia Naicker (including Rajakambalam, Gollavar, Sillavar, Thockalavar Thozhuva Naicker and Erragollar) Thondaman Thoraiyar(Nillgris) Thoraiyar (Plains) Valaiyar (including Chettinad Valayars Vannar (Salavai Thozhilalar) (including Agasa, Madivala, Ekali, Rajakula, Veluthadar and Rajaka) (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Caste) Vettaikarar Vettuva Gounder
29 KFth myJ Kfa (UJt kjF khat cgl) 30 d, ntLt bfsl 31 gizah, (fahFk, khtl ffhu fyhf) 32 rjhj$itZzt (rjh, rlho kW rlhl $itZzt cgl) 33 nrha bro 34 bjYFgo bro 35 bjhoa ehaf, (uh#fgs, bfhyt, yt, bjhfsth, bjhGt ehaf, kW Vubfhy cgl) 36 bjhilkh 36A 36B bjhiua (y) bjhiua(rkbt)
33 34 35
36 36A 36B 37 38
37 tiya (broehL tiyaf cgl) 38 tzh (ryitbjhyhs) (mfrh, kotsh, Vfh uh#Fy ntYjlh kW uh#hfh cgl) r_fd Muhl tFduhf UF (fahFk khtl Ubent khtl brnfhil tl fyhf 39 ntilfhu 40 ntLt bfsl
39 40
xvii
V. List of Denotified Communities (DNC) / kud goa (DNC)

Denotified Communities (DNC)
1 Attur Kilnad Koravars 1 (Salem,Namakkal, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga and Virudhunagar Districts)
kud goa (DNC)

MJh ehL Fwtf ( n r y , ehkf flYh , Gu, uhkehju, tfif kW UJef khtlf)
2 3
Attur Melnad Koravars (Salem and 2 MJh nkehL Fwtf ( n r y , ehkf khtlf) Namakkal District) Appanad Kondayam kottai Maravar ( 3 MgehL bfhla nfhil kwt Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, (tfif, UJef, uhkehju, Ramanathapuram, Madurai,Theni and kJiu, nj kW Lf Dindigul Districts ) khtlf) Ambalakarar (Thanjavur, 4 mgyfhu (jrh, ehfgod, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Uth%, Uuhg, f%, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai bgugYh kW Jnfhil Districts) khtlf) Ambalakkarar (Suriyanur, Tiruchirapalli 5 mgyfhu, (Uuhg khtl District) NaDh) Boyas (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, 6 nghaf (Uuhg, f%, Perambalur, Pudukottai, The Nilgiris, bgugYh, Jnfhil, y, nry, Salem Namakkal and Dharmapuri ehkf, jUk kW UZz Districts) khtlf). Battu Turkas 7 gLJfh kW C.K. Koravars (Cuddalore and 8 .nf.Fwtf (flYh Villupuram Districts) Gu khtlf)
5 6
7 8 9
Chakkala (Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, 9 rfyh Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, (tfif,UJef,uhkehju, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Jnfhil, Uuhg, f%, Madurai , Theni, Dindigul and the bgugYh, kJiu, nj, Lf, Nilgiris Districts) kW y khtlf). Changyampudi Koravars (Vellore and 10 rfao (Fwtf n t Y h Tiruvannamalai Districts) kW Utzhkiy khtlf) Chettinad Valayars (Sivaganga, 11 broehL tiyaf Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram UJef kW Districts) khtlf) (tfif, uhkehju
10 11
12
Dombs (Pudukottai,Tiruchirapalli, Karur 12 bjhgf ( J n f h i l , and Perambalur Districts) Uuhg, f% kW bgugYh khtlf) (nry Dobba Koravars (Salem and Namakkal 13 bjhg Fwtf ehkf khtlf) Districts) kW
13 14
Dommars (Thanjavur, 14 bjhkf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, ntYh kW Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Utzhkiy khtlf) Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)
xviii
V. List of Denotified Communities (DNC)

15 16 17 18 Donga Boya Donga Ur.Korachas Devagudi Talayaris
kud goa (DNC)

15 bjhfngha 16 bjhf C bfhrhf 17 njtFo jiyahf
Dobbai Korachas (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, 18 bjhig bfhurhf Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) j r h , Dabi Koravars (Thanjavur, 19 jh Fwtf ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, f%, bgugYh, Jnfhil, ntYh Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Vellore kW Utzhkiy khtlf and Tiruvannamalai Districts) ( f h u , Donga Dasaris (Kancheepuram, 20 bjhfjhrf Utq, Uuhg, f%, Tiruvallur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, bgugYh, Jnfhil, brid, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Chennai, nry kW ehkf khtlf) Salem and Namakkal Districts) Gorrela Dodda Boya Gudu Dasaris 21 bfhyh bjhlngha 22 FLjhrf
19
20
21 22 23
Gandarvakottai Koravars (Thanjavur, 23 fjtnfhil Fwtf ( j r h , ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, f%, bgugYh, Jnfhil, flYh Karur,Perambalur, Pudukottai kW Gu khtlf) Cuddalore and Villupuram Districts) Gandarvakottai Kallars (Thanjavur, 24 fjtnfhil fsf ( j r h , ehfgod, Uth%, kW Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur and Jnfhil khtlf) Pudukottai Districts) Inji Korvars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, 25 Fwtf ( j r h , ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, f%, bgugYh, kW Jnfhil Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) khtlf) Jogis (Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, 26 n#hf (fhu, Utq. Chennai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, brid, flYh, Gu, ntYh Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) kW Utzhkiy khtlf) Jambavanodai 27 #gtndhil (tfif, UJef, Kaladis (Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, 28 fhyof uhkehju, kJiu, nj, Lf, Ramanathapuram, Madurai,Theni, jrh, ehfgod, Uth% kW Dindigul, Thanjavur, Jnfhil , Uuhg, f% Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, kW bgugYh khtlf) Pudukottai,Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts) Kal Oddars (Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, 29 f Xlf (fhu, Utq, uhkehju, tfif, UJef, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, kJiu, nj, Lf, Jnfhil, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Theni, Uuhg, f%, bgugYh, Dindigul,Pudukottai, Thanjavur,
24
25
26
27 28
29
xix

Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur,Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Toothukudi, Salem and Namakkal Districts) 30 Koravars (Kancheepuram , Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Pudukottai,Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Thoothukadi, Chennai,Madurai, Theni, Dindigul and The Nilgiris Districts) Kalinji Dabikoravars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Pudukottai Districts) Kootappal Kallars ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Kala Koravars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Kalavathila Boyas Kepmaris (Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts) Maravars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Toothukudi Districts) Monda Koravars Monda Golla (Salem and Namakkal Districts) Mutlakampatti (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Nokkars (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)
kud goa (DNC)

Ubent, JhJFo, nry kW ehkf khtlf).
30 Fwtf (fhu, Utq, uhkehju, tfif, UJef, Jnfhil, jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, f%, bgugYh, Ubent, JhJFo, brid, kJiu nj, Lf kW y khtlf). 31 f jh Fwtf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, kW Jnfhil khtlf). 32 Tjgh fsf (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 33 fy Fwtf ( j r h , ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, f%, bgugYh, kW Jnfhil khtlf). 34 fytyh nghaf 35 nfkhf (fhu, Utq, Jnfhil, Uuh g, f%, kW bgugYh khtlf). 36 kwtf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil , uhkehju, tfif, UJef, Ubent kW JhJFo khtlf). 37 bkhj Fwtf 38 bkhj bfhyh (nry ehkf khtlf) kW
31
32
33
34 35
36
37 38 39
39 Klyf go (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 40 nehff (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf)
40
xx

41 42 Nellorepet Oddars ( Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Oddars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli,Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Madurai, Theni and Dindigul Districts ) Pedda Boyas (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Ponnai Koravars ( Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts ) Piramalai Kallars (Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Theni, DIndigul, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Tiruvarur Districts Peria Suriyur Kallars (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Padayachi (Vellayan Kuppam in Cuddalore District and Tennore in Tiruchirapalli District) Punnan Vettuva Gounder (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Servai (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Salem Melnad Koravars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Coimbatore, Erode, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Salem, Namakkal, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Salem Uppu Koravars (Salem and Namakkal Districts) Sakkaraithamadai Koravars (Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Saranga Palli Koravars Sooramari Oddars (Salem and Namakkal Districts)
kud goa (DNC)

41 beYh ngil Xlf (ntYh kW Utzhkiy khtlf). 42 xlf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Uuh g, f%, bgugYh, kW Jnfhil, kJiu, nj kW Lf khtlf). 43 bgjnghaf (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 44 bghid Fwtf (ntYh Utzhkiy khtlf). kW
43
44 45
45 ukiy fsf ( t f i f , UJef, uhkehju,kJiu, Lf, nj Jnfhil, jrh, ehfgod kW Uth% khtlf) 46 bga N fsf (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 47 gilah (flYh khtl btisaFg kW Uuhg khtl bjDh) 48 dntLt fl (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 49 nrit (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 50 nrynkehL Fwtf (kJiu,nj,Lf, <nuhL nfhaKJh, Jnfhil, f% U, bgugYh, nry, ehkf, ntYh kW Utzhkiy khtlf) 51 nry c Fwtf ehkf khtlf) (nry kW
46
47
48
49
50
51 52 53 54
52 rfiujhkil Fwtf n t Y h kW Utzhkiy khtlf.) 53 rhufg Fwtf 54 Nukh Xlf (nry ehkf khtlf) kW
xxi

55 Sembanad Maravars (Sivaganga, Virudunagar and Ramanathapuram Districts) Thalli Koravars(Salem and Namakkal Districts) Telungapattti Chettis (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Thottia Naickers (Sivaganga , Virudunagar, Ramanathapuram, Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai. Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem, Namakkal,Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Coimbatore and Erode Districts) Thogamalai Koravars or Kepmaris (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Uppukoravars or Settipalli Koravars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam , Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Urali Gounders (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Wayalpad or Nawalpeta Korachas Vaduvarpatti Koravars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudunagar, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Valayars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai,Erode and Coimbatore Districts) Vettaikarar (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Pudukottai Districts) Vetta Koravars (Salem and Namakkal Districts) Varaganeri Koravars (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Vettuva Gounder (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)
kud goa (DNC)

55 brgehL kwtf (tfif,UJef, kW uhkehju khtlf). 56 j Fwtf (nry kW ehkf khtlf) 57 beYfgo brof (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 58 bjhoa ehaff (fhu,Utq,jrh, ehfgod, f%, bgugYh, U t h % , U u h g , Jnfhil,Ubent, JhJFo,nry ehkf,ntYh, Utzhkiy, nfhaJh kW <nuhL khtlf). 59 njhfkiyFwtf myJ nfkhf (Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 60 c Fwtf myJ bro g Fwtf (jrh, ehfgod, Uth%, Jnfhil, kJiu, nj, ntYh Lf kW Utzhkiy khtlf). 61 Cuh flf ( U u h g , f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 62 taghL myJ etng bfhuhrf 63 tLthgo Fwtf (kJiu, nj, Lf uhkehju, tfif, UJef, Ubent, JhJFo, Uuhg, f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf). 64 tiyaf (kJiu, nj, Lf, Uuh g, f%, bgugYh, Jnfhil, <nuhL kW nfhaKJh khtlf). 65 ntilfhu ( j r h , ehfgod,Uth% kW Jnfhil khtlf) 66 ntlh Fwtf khtlf) (nry kW ehkf
56 57
58
59
60
61
62 63
64
65
66 67
67 tufne Fwtf ( U u h g , f%, bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf) 68 ntLt fl ( U u h g , f%,bgugYh kW Jnfhil khtlf).
68
xxii
Cn & X SECC 2011 nja gWdf kW Kjik gWd CFghsf bga kW gj

nja gWdf U. M.V.R. UZzuh iz aFe, kf bjhif fzbfL aFduf, brid U. .uh#Jiu, iz aFe, ng%uhf aff brid U. C.K. uz l aFd, Cuf ts Kfik, jk Kidt. A. mjuh{ iuahs, SIRD kiwkiyef U. T.L.N. RFkh Jiz aFe, kf bjhif fzbfL aFduf, brid Fkh. tndt cj aFe, kf bjhif fzbfL aFduf, brid U. dJiu cj aFe, kf bjhif fzbfL aFduf, brid U. K. rg brabghahs, khefuh, brid U. v. Fkkd tUth mYty, Mto efuh, brid ju bjhl mYtyf U. C. jkuh{ a mYty, ng%uhf aff, brid U. S. $ju SECC xUizghs Cuf ts kW Cuh aff, brid. 9443449191 9899036011
miyng v
9750146907 9443439361 9443330733 9444130743 9444521354
9444800612
9444913357
9381088601 9443225989
9841052753
xxiii
Kjik gWd CFghsf

t. v ng%uhf 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. nt.uhn#t njtUig, cj aFe ng%uhf, fhu R.nrf, cj brabghahs, fhu br.uh.uhnru, cj aFe ng%uhf, Utq kh.n#hKUf, cj brabghahs, Utq v.v.kiyakh UKofh, cj aFe, ntYh M.KUnfr, cj brabghahs, ntYh g.nkhfuh{, bra mYty, brf ng%uh, Utzhkiy k.uhkehj, cj aFe ng%uhf, jUk v.Rukauh{, cj brabghahs, UZz br.gHakh, cj aFe, nry u.enlr, cj brabghahs, nry .ruFkh, cj brabghahs, ehkf R.fiythz, ng%uhf cj aFe, <nuhL g.nkhf ,cj brabghahs, <nuhL nk..gHrh, cjbghahs, meh, U k.gbrt, siy bghahs, U 9597990176 9444026477 9176632047 9994166600 9442522701 9442397327 9486425249 9443109432 9442516993 9442291165 9790188621 9443554016 9443632667 9443894978 9566606060 9443499096 bga kW gj U / Uk miyng vf
xxiv
t. v 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
bga kW gj U / Uk b#.UPhd, cj aFe, nfhaKJh fh. knfu cj brabghahs, nfha F.sFku, siy bghahs, nfhaKJh M.bgarh, cj aFe, y m.rilag, cj aFe, flYh eh.uh#h, cj brabghahs, Gu v.ghyRuka, cj aFe, jrh e.Rtehj, cj brabghahs, jrh K.stur, cj bghahs, jrh rh.ughf, siybghahs, jrh .ra_, cj bghahs, ehfgod br.Ubrt, siy bghahs, Uth% ik.khfbu Ryh, cj aFe, Uuhg nah.Rnuu cj brabghahs, maYh M.kndhf, cj bghahs, bgugYh kh.kKJ, cj bghahs, Jnfhil e.jHu, cj aFe, Lf
miyng vf
9360801444 9842629957
9443770076 9486691966 9443575450 9443785903 9443598749 9578224466 9442112969 9942699436 9444019909 9788421795 9655579089 7373659659 9443150555 9942449544 9442017540
xxv
t. v 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
bga kW gj U / Uk K.rhuh{, cj brabghahs, Lf fh.bt.uhkrh, cj bghahs, f% .kUJghoa, cj brabghahs, kJiu fU..fUigah, cj brabghahs, nj brh.bjtehaf, cj aFe, tfif v.ghOt, siy bghahs, uhkehju g.RnuZFkh, cj brabghahs, UJef R.brt, cj aFe, Ubent j.jkuh{, cj brabghahs, Ubent .MWKf, cj bghahs, Ubent r.runrf, cj brabghahs, JhJFo e.nrh.fz, cj bghahs, JhJFo kfl Milag, cj brabghahs, Ubent nfh.gHrh, cj aFe, fahFk .uhjhUZz, cj brabghahs, fahFk fh.uhjhUZz, bra mYty, fahFk .uh#hk, bra mYty, fahFk
miyng vf
9443545526 9443576639 9940223266 9884667782 9443707185 9443860460 9443582130 9442253884 9443613201 9443125884 9442056780 9443670876 9944627006 9443894875 9444134006 9443728692 9486012201
xxvi
t. v efuhf : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
bga kW gj U / Uk
miyng vf
.Fznrfu,tUth mYty,gytu efuh, fhu r.Ku,efuik mYty,fhu efuh, fhu .uhkb#a,nkyhs, jgu efuh, flYh nfh.tFkh,efuik mYty,Mto efuh, Utq r.ghjrhu,nkyhs, Foahj efuh, ntYh nf.rjhghh,fzfhs,efuh mYtyf, Gu v.fz,nkyhs,efuhJiw, jUk efuh, Gu K.nfhjuh#,fzf, ehkf efuh, ehkf r.ghfu,efuik mYty, Fgnfhz efuh, jrh nf.fz,efuik mYty,Jnfhil efuh, Jnfhil v.bgarh,efuik mYty,bfhilfhd efuh, Lf m.unkZ,efuik mYty,mefu efuh, nj k.ghg,efuik mYty,FDh efuh mYtyf, y v.cjaFkh,cj efuik mYty, Lf efuh, Lf M.#hduhk,efuik mYty-ehfnfh efuh mYtyf, fahFk M.uh#hk,nkyhs, efuh mYtyf, rfunfh, Ubent fh.knfu,cj brabghahs,ng%uhf, nfhaKJh bg.fnzr,nkyhs, Fjiy efuh, f% m.rhyhmJehr,efuik Mths,f% efuh, f% y.nfhghyUZz,KJiy efuik mYty,efuh mYtyf, f% e.n#hFkh,TLj Kjik nkyhs, bent efa, flYh
8144810930 9367708805 9443006415 9444030586 9944586665 9626680726 9443570488 9443325457 9994068486 9842647524 9443455451 9442660711 9443107385 9894181460 9361686006 9791833290 9842629957 9442320781 9486622338 8489916704 9443876309
xxvii
t. v khefuhf: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
bga kW gj U / Uk
miyng vf
nf.nyhfehj, cj tUth mYty,brid khefuh, brid uh.ckhg,brabghahs-lf nkyhik, brid khefuh, brid uh.thrY,brabghahs,brid khefuh, brid R.itFl,brabghahs,brid khefuh, brid I.bufehj,cjbrabghahs(l), kJiu khefuh, kJiu .uh.u,thf mYtyf,nfhit khefuh, nfhaKJh f.Uyfl,Jizgths, mYty X)Uuhg khefuh, Uuhg M.rfu,thf mYty,Ubent khefuh, Ubent K.uh.rfut,cjbghahs,nry khefuh, nry bt.j.mnrhFkh,cj brabghahs,<nuhL khefuh, <nuhL .Phdnrf,ffhghs,efuh thf(k) Fo tHf Jiw, JhJFo khefuh, JhJFo F.kh.btflhry,thf mYty,U khefuh, U .thr,efuik Mt,ntYh khefuh, ntYh v.v.gHFkh,efuik Mths,bghsh, khefuh, nfhaKJh j.gbrt,Jiz Ma,tUthJiw,khtl tHf mYty, fahFk,() ehfnfh, fahFk R.tufhr,khtl a mYty,bghU a kW a Jiw, jUk xa, jUk
9445194738 9445190020 9003075513 9445190038 9442639597 9489206001 9894861911 9944462667 8489933317 7871872725
9443355064 9842019022 7639485649 9842229190 9445000391 9487747610
xxviii

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