H ng d n Th c t p MMT

RIPv1 v RIPv2
D ng m hnh LAB nh sau:

Cc router: R0: s0/0 172.16.X.1/24 Loopback 0: 10.0.X.1/24 R1: s0/0 172.16.X.2/24 s0/1 172.16.(X+1).1/24 Loopback 0: 172.29.X.1/24 R2: s0/0 172.16.(X+1).2/24 fa0/0 172.29.17.(X+1) Loopback 0: 10.0.(X+1).1/24 R3: Router th t, c c u hnh s n: fa0/0 172.29.17.100/24 Loopback 0: 192.168.1.1/24 C u hnh IP cc c ng cho Router R0, R1, R2. Cha n i c ng fa0/0 c a R2 v i Router th t. Yu c u: Cc router ping, lin l c c v i nhau. 1. Gi i thi u thu t ton RIPv1: Thu t ton RIPv1 c c i m l 1 thu t ton d ng classful, cc gi tin qu ng b v ng m ng khng mang km subnet mask. Metric trong thu t ton RIP s d ng l hop count, th c ch t l s router trung gian c n i qua n m t ng m ng no . C u hnh RIPv1 cho cc router R0, R1, R2.

Cu l nh Router Rip b t tnh nng RIP trn cc router. Cu l nh network quy t nh cc ng m ng no s tham gia vo qu trnh nh tuy n. Th c ch t m t cu l nh network c 3 tc d ng: - a thng tin v ng m ng vo cc gi tin nh tuy n, ni cch khc l qu ng co thng tin v ng m ng trong gi tin RIP. Khoa CNTT B mn MMT VT Page 1

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G i gi tin update ra interface thu c v ng m ng . Nh n gi tin update t interface thu c v ng m ng .

y, cc ng m ng c nh p theo nguyn l class c a IP. V d : - ng m ng 10.0.X.0/24 l ng m ng l p A, do ta ch g network 10.0.0.0 - ng m ng 172.16.X.0/24 l ng m ng l p B, do ta ch g network 172.16.0.0 T t c ng m ng con c a ng m ng 10.0.0.0/8 v 172.16.0.0/16 u tham gia vo qu trnh nh tuy n RIP. Ta b t tnh nng nh tuy n tng t cho Router1 (cha lm v i Router2):

Xem b ng nh tuy n c a Router0 v Router1: C a R0:

C a R1:

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M t s ch : R: K hi u cho bi t ng m ng h c b ng RIP [120/1]: 120: l gi tr AD c a RIP, m i giao th c c m t AD (Administrative Distance) khc nhau. Giao th c c AD cng b c xem nh cng ng tin c y. 1: Metric c a ng m ng h c t RIP, y ch qua 1 router trung gian nn metric = 1 C 2 i u ng ch : Router0 h c ng m ng 172.29.0.0/16 t Router1, khng ph i 172.29.X.0/24 Router1 h c ng m ng 10.0.0.0/8 t Router0, khng ph i 10.0.X.0/24 Hai ng m ng ny b tm t t? B t tnh nng RIP trn Router2 cho 2 ng m ng 172.16.0.0 v 10.0.0.0 Xem k t qu :

Do Router0 v Router2 u qu ng b cho Router1 ng m ng 10.0.0.0/8 cho Router1, nn Router1 c s nh m l n: C 2 ng i n ng m ng 10.0.0.0/8 thng qua c ng S0/0 v S0/1. Do Router1 s phn ph i t i trn 2 ng m ng ny. Khoa CNTT B mn MMT VT Page 3

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Trn Router1 ping a ch 10.0.1.1:

C hi n t ng gi c, gi m t v ng ra ch i qua c ng s0/1 n Router2, Router1 l i phn ph i t i trn c c ng S0/0 n Router0 => M t gi tin. V y m ng b s c , khng n nh. (Lu : V i nh ng Router dng m i, th y hi n t ng gi c, gi m t, trn R1 ta ph i g dng l nh sau: Router1(config)# no ip cef) L gi i nguyn do: Do c i m v nh tuy n c a RIPv1. RIPv1 khng mang subnet mask trong gi tin, do khi g p tr ng h p m ng khng lin t c s t tm t t ng i. Xt Router0 v Router1:

ng n i gi a Router0 v Router1 thu c ng m ng g c (major network) 172.16.0.0/16. C ng loopback0 c a Router0 thu c ng m ng g c (major network) 10.0.0.0/8 c i m c a RIPv1, khi i n ranh gi i c a cc major network khc nhau s t ng tm t t ng i tr c khi qu ng b. V y Router0 ch qu ng b cho Router1 ng i 10.0.0.0/8, l ng i b tm t t, khng ph i ng i 10.0.X.0/24 nh chng ta mong mu n. Tng t : Router1 ch qu ng b ng 172.29.0.0/16 cho Router0, khng ph i 172.29.X.0/24 nh chng ta mong mu n. Hi n t ng nh v y g i l hi n t ng m ng khng lin t c (discontiguous network), c s ngn cch gi a cc major network v i nhau. Cch kh c ph c: S a ng serial n i gi a Router0 v Router1 thnh ng m ng 10.0.Z.0/24 cng major network v i c ng loopback 10.0.X.1/24; ho c s a c ng loopback thnh 172.16.Z.0/24. (Phng php ny sinh vin t th nghi m). Phng php 2: Dng RIPv2. B t gi tin ki m ch ng RipV1 khng mang subnet mask: Trn c a s dynagen, ta b t cc gi tin t R0 trao i v i R1 nh sau: =>capture R0 s0/0 C:\R0.cap HDLC

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Ta b t cc gi tin trn c ng S0/0 c a R0 lu vo file R0.Cap, sau dng Wireshark (phin b n sau c a Ethereal) phn tch cc gi tin RIP response c a cc router trao i cho nhau. Ghi ch: HDLC l giao th c m c nh trn ng truy n Serial, chng ta cn c th c giao th c PPP trn ng truy n ny. Mu n ngng vi c b t gi tin ta dng cu l nh: =>no capture R1 s0/0 Debug thng tin c a RIP: Trn thi t b c th dng cu l nh debug ip rip c thng tin v ho t ng c a giao th c RIP R0# debug ip rip ho c R0# debug ip rip events mu n t t debug ta dng cu l nh R0#no debug all 2. Gi i thi u v RIPv2: RIPv2 mang cc c i m c a RIPv1, tuy nhin thu c lo i classless routing. Trong gi tin update c mang theo subnet mask. Chuy n t RIPv1 sang RIPv2 b ng cu l nh version 2 trong mode router rip. M c nh RIPv2 v n t ng tm t t cc ng i khi g p ranh gi i major network, ta c th t t ch c nng t ng tm t t b ng cu l nh no auto-summary C u hnh c th :

Tng t cho Router1 v Router2. K t qu : Cc con ng h c r t chnh xc B ng nh tuy n c a R1: H c c 2 ng loopback c a R0 v R2 r t chnh xc.

B ng nh tuy n c a R0:

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3. Passive interface: Gi s , router R1 khng mu n g i cc gi tin ra c ng S0/0 n R0 ta c th s d ng tnh nng passive-interface. Router1(config)# router rip Router1(config-router)# passive-interface s0/0 Lc ny, R1 khng g i gi tin RIP ra c ng s0/0 nhng v n nh n update t c ng ny. 4. Lan truy n default route v static route v i RIP. N i Router2 v i Router3 (router th t), c u hinh IP router 2 ping c router 3. C u hnh router2 ch default route ln router3. Router2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.29.17.100 Xem b ng nh tuy n:

Ta c th lan truy n thng tin default route ny cho R1 v R0 b ng cu l nh default-information originate Khoa CNTT B mn MMT VT Page 6

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Xem b ng nh tuy n c a R0 v R1:

ng default route c lan truy n b ng RIP. C th lan truy n ng static route thng qua RIP b ng tnh nng redistribute C u hnh static route trn R2: Router2(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.100 C u hnh redistribute: Router2(config)# router rip Router2(config-router)# redistribute static metric 10 //G n metric b ng 10 cho cc ng static. Sau xem l i b ng nh tuy n c a R1, R0. 5. Ph n vi c c n lm: C u hnh static route trn R3 R3 c th lin l c v i R0, R1, R2. Ghi ch: Router3 khng ch y RIP. Router3(config)# ip route 10.0.X.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.X+1 Router3(config)# ip route 10.0.X+1.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.X+1 Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.X.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.X+1 Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.X+1.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.X+1 Router3(config)# ip route 172.29.X.0 255.255.255.0 172.29.17.X+1 Ghi ch: c u hnh Router3, b n vo Router2 v g cu l nh Router2# telnet 172.29.17.100 password connect l cisco Nng cao: Tm t t ng i t R3 n cc router cn l i b ng static route.

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