Tng quan ton tp v SNMP

u tin chng ta nn hiu SNMP l g?? SNMP chng qua l mt tp hp n gin cc hot ng gip nh qun tr mng c th qun l, thay i trng thi ca mng. V d chng ta c th dng SNMP tt mt interface no trn router ca mnh, theo di hot ng ca card Ethernet, hoc kim sot nhit trn switch v cnh bo khi nhit qu cao. SNMP c th dng qun l cc h thng Unix, Window, my in, ngun in Ni chung, tt c cc thit b c th chy cc phn mm cho php ly c thng tin SNMP u c th qun l c. Khng ch cc thit b vt l mi qun l c m c nhng phn mm nh web server, database. Mt hng khc ca qun tr mng l theo di hot ng mng, c ngha l theo di ton b mng, tri vi theo di cc router, host, hay cc thit b ring l. RMON (Remote Network Monitoring) c th gip ta hiu lm sao mt mng c th t hot ng, lm sao cc thit b ring l trong mt mng c th hot ng ng b trong mng . IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) l t chc a ra chun SNMP thng qua cc RFC. Vy c bao nhiu chun SNMP. Cu tr li l c 3 version - SNMP version 1: chun ca giao thc SNMP c nh ngha trong RFC 1157 v l mt chun y ca IETF. Vn bo mt ca SNMP v1 da trn nguyn tc cng ng, khng c nhiu password. C 3 tiu chun: read-only, read-write v trap. - SNMP version 2: phin bn ny da trn cc chui community. Do phin bn ny c gi l SNMPv2c, c nh ngha trong RFC 1905, 1906, 1907, v y ch l bn th nghim ca IETF. Mc d ch l th nghim nhng nhiu nh sn xut a n vo thc nghim. - SNMP version 3: l phin bn tip theo c IETF a ra bn y . N c khuyn ngh lm bn chun, c nh ngha trong RFC 1905, RFC 1906, RFC 1907, RFC 2571, RFC 2572, RFC 2573, RFC 2574 v RFC 2575. N h tr cc loi truyn thng ring t v c xc nhn gia cc thc th. Trong SNMP c 3 vn cn quan tm: Manager, Agent v MIB (Management Information Base).
SNMP MIBs Cc phin bn SNMPv1 v v2 bao gm mt dng MIB chun, c gi l MIB-I v MIB-II. MIB-II c to ra gia cc phin bn SNMPv1 v v2 vi SNMP h tr MIB-II. Sau khi to ra MIB-II, IETF tip tc thay i chin lc ca nh ngha MIB. C cc nhm nghin cu khc nhau trong nhiu lnh vc to ra cc nh ngha MIB khc nhau cho cc lnh vc tng ng ca h. Kt qu l, hng trm bn MIB chun c nh ngha. Thm vo , cc hng khc nhau nh ngha cc MIB khc nhau.

Phin bn Remote Monitoring MIB (RMON, RFC 2819) l mt bn c bit ca MIB c chun ha ngoi MIB-II. Mt tc nhn SNMP agent c th h tr RMON MIB c th c lp trnh thng qua cc lnh SNMP set bt gi tin, tnh ton cc thng tin thng k, gim st cc gii hn cho cc bin MIB, bo co ngc v cho trm qun l khi cc gii hn l t mc ngng. Dng RMON, mt h thng mng c th trin khai mt s thao tc gim st v dng kt hp vi SNMP c th thu thp cc thng tin cn thit cho cng tc qun tr.

MIB: Trn 100 chun Internet nh ngha cc MIBs khc nhau, mi MIB cho mt lnh vc cng ngh khc nhau. nh ngha MIB tun theo cc phin bn cu trc thng tin qun l SMI ph hp. Manager: l mt server c chy cc chng trnh c th thc hin mt s chc nng qun l mng. Manager c th xem nh l NMS (Network Manager Stations). NMS c kh nng thm d v thu thp cc cnh bo t cc Agent trong mng. Agent: l mt phn trong cc chng trnh chy trn cc thit b mng cn qun l. N c th l mt chng trnh c lp nh cc deamon trong Unix,. Ngy nay, a s cc thit b hot ng ti lp IP u c ci t SMNP agent. Mi quan h gia NMS v agent:

Bo mt cho giao thc SNMP

SNMPv3 thm vo cc c im bo mt so vi SNMPv2 v SNMPv2c. SNMPv3 b sung thm hai hng chnh v bo mt so vi SNMPv2 v SNMPv2c: xc thc v m ha. SNMPv3 s dng MD5 v SHA to ra cc gi tr hash cho tng thng ip snmp. Thao tc ny gip cho php xc thc cc u cui cng nh l ngn nga thay i d liu v cc kiu tn cng. Thm vo , cc phn mm qun tr SNMPv3 v cc agent c th dng DES m ha gi tin, cho php bo mt tt hn. SNMPv3 ngh trong tng lai s h tr AES nhng y khng phi l mt phn ca c t SNMPv3 ban u. anh5 (tng hp mait - vnpro)