MT S BI TON CHNG OXI LU HUNH I.

. Xc nh % theo th tch, % theo khi lng ca hn hp kh da vo t khi hi * Cc cng thc: - Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch ca kh A trong hn hp

- Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca A trong hn hp

- T khi ca kh A so vi kh B:

- T khi ca hn hp kh A so vi kh B:

- T khi ca kh A so vi hn hp kh B:

- T khi ca hn hp kh A so vi hn hp kh B:

Khi lng phn t trung bnh:

A1, A2, A3, l phn t khi ca cc kh A1, A2, A3 c trong hn hp X1, x2, x3, l s mol kh ( hoc th tch kh) X1, x2, x3, c th l % s mol hoc % theo th tch ca kh A1, A2, A3, khi : x1 +x2 +x3+=100% i vi khng kh: V d: 1) Hn hp kh A gm oxi v ozon c t khi so vi hiro l 19,2. Tnh % th tch ca cc kh trong A? gi th tch O2 trong 1 lit hn hp l x (lit) => th tch O3 trong 1 lit hn hp l 1-x ( lit) Ta c:

=> Trong 1 lit hn hp c 0,4 lit O2 v 0,6 lit O3 Vy % O2 = 0,4*100/1 = 40% %O3 = 100% - 40% = 60% 2) Hn hp kh B gm hiro v cacbon(II) oxit c t khi so vi hiro l 3,6. Tnh % theo khi lng ca tng kh trong B? 3) 1,12 lit hn hp kh A gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi hiro l 16,75. Tnh s mol v % theo th tch tng kh trong hn hp? Gi s mol ca NO trong 1 mol hn hp kh l x (mol)

=> S mol ca N2O trong 1 mol hn hp kh l 1-x (mol)

4) 0,896 lit kh A gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi hiro bng 21. Tnh s mol v % theo th tch tng kh trong hn hp? II. Gii ton dng nh lut bo ton electron - Dng nh lut bo ton electron i vi cc bi ton c: + Cho hn hp nhiu cht tc dng vi nhau + Cc phn ng l phn ng oxi ho - kh - Ni dung nh lut: tng s electron cho = tng s electron nhn V d 1) Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng ht vi 1 hn hp gm 4,80 gam magi v 8,10 gam nhm to ra 37,05 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng v theo th tch ca hn hp A?

* Phn tch : Theo : c 4 phng trnh phn ng Cl2 + Mg -> MgCl2 x x x ( mol) 3Cl2 + 2Al -> 2AlCl3 3y/2 y y (mol) O2 + 2Mg -> 2MgO z/2 z z (mol) 3O2 + 2Al -> 2Al2O3 3t/2- t t (mol) Gii thng thng: t 4 n s -> lp h; y ch lp c h gm 3 phng trnh. gi x, y, z, t l s mol ca MgCl2, AlCl3, MgO, Al2O3 khi lng Mg = 24(x+z) = 4,80 (1) khi lng Al = 27( y+t) = 8,10 (2) khi lng hn hp mui v oxit:

= 95x + 133.5y+40z+102t = 37,05 (3) Gii h gm 3 pt, 4 n s: khng d!!!!!!!! Dng nh lut bo ton electron: Bc 1: vit qu trnh cho nhn electron ca cc phn ng trn Qu trnh cho e: Mg - 2e -> Mg2+ 0.20- 0.04 0.02 (mol) Al - 3e > Al3+ 0.30- 0.900.30 Qu trnh nhn e: Cl2 +2e -> 2Clx- 2x 2x (mol) O2 +4e -> 2O2y- 4y 2y (mol) Bc 2: t n s ( x, y, l s mol cc cht bi yu cu tnh) Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Cl2 v O2 trong hn hp Bc 3: lp phng trnh (1) da vo nh lut bo ton e S mol Mg = 4,80/24 = 0,20 (mol) => s electron Mg cho = 0,20*2=0,40 (mol) S mol Al = 8,10/27 = 0,30 (mol) => S electron Al cho = 0,30*3 = 0,90 (mol) Theo nh lut bo ton e: S electron cho = s electron nhn => 2x+4y = 0,20+0,90=1,3 (1) Bc 4: kt hp cc d kin khc lp thm phng trnh (2) Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:

2) 11,2 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B gm magi v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A? thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp B? 3) Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt st vo dung dch HNO3 thu c mui st (III) nitrat v hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Tnh khi lng st ho tan? 4) Cho 11 gam hn hp st v nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 10,08 lit kh SO2 (kc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp? 5) Ho tan hon ton a gam FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 thu c b gam mt mui v c 168 ml kh SO2 (kc) duy nht thot ra. Tnh tr s a, b v cng thc FexOy? 6) m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp M c khi lng 12 gam gm: Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton M vo dung dch H2SO4 c thu oc 3,36 lit SO2 duy nht (kc). Tnh gi tr m? 7) Ho tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp kim loi Al, Zn bng dd H2SO4 c nng thu c dd X; 7,616 lit SO2 (kc) v 0,64 g lu hunh. Tnh tng khi lng mui trong X?

III. Kim lo i tc d ng v i l u hunh Phn ng gia kim loi (M) v lu hunh (S) M + S > mui sunfua Phn ng c th hon ton hoc khng hon ton * Ph n ng hon ton th sau p thu c : - Mui sunfua ( Kim loi M ht, S ht) - Hoc mui sunfua, Kim loi (M) d: khi cho hh cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dch axit s cho hn hp kh H2S v H2 - Hoc mui sunfua, lu hunh (S) d: khi cho cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dch axit s cho kh H2S v cht rn (S) khng tan. * N u ph n ng khng hon ton th sau p thu c: - Mui sunfua, S d, M d: khi ho tan trong axit th thu uc hn hp 2 kh H2S v H2 v 1 cht rn (S) khng tan V d : 1) un nng hon ton hn hp bt gm st v lu hunh. em ho tan cht rn sau phn ng trong dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48 lit kh thot ra. Nu em ht lng kh ny cho vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th cn li 2,24 lit kh. Cc th tch u o ktc.Tnh % khi lng ca st v lu hunh trong hn hp u v tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh trong dung dch Pb(NO3)2? Gii

2) Cho sn phm to thnh khi nung hn hp 5,6 gam st v 1,6 gam bt lu hunh vo 500 ml dung dch HCl th c 1 hn hp kh bay ra v mt dung dch A ( hiu sut phn ng 100%). a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm th tch hn hp kh to thnh? b) trung ho HCl cn d trong dung dch A phi dng 125 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl? 3) Cho 6,45 gam mt hn hp gm lu hunh v 1 kim loi M ( ho tr 2) vo mt bnh kn khng cha Oxi. Nung bnh cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp B. Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu oc kh C v 1,6 gam cht rn D khng tan. Cho kh C i t t qua 1 dung dch Pb(CH3COO)2 c kt ta cn nng 11,95 g. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh khi lng M v lu hunh trong hn hp ban u? 4) Mt hn hp X gm bt lu hunh v mt kim loi M ho tr 2 c khi lng l 25,9 g. Cho X vo 1 bnh kn khng cha khng kh. Thc hin phn ng gia M v S ( phn ng hon ton) thu c cht rn A. khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, A tan ht to ra hn hp kh B c V=6,72 lit (kc) v t khi i vi Hiro bng 11,666. Xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh B, tn kim loi M v khi lng S v M trong hn hp X? 5) Mt hn hp Y gm Zn v lu hunh; Cho M v S phn ng hon ton vi nhau to ra cht rn C. Khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th cn li 1 cht rn D khng tan cn nng 6 gam v thu c 4,48 lit kh E c t khi ca E i vi hiro l 17. Tnh khi lng Y? 6) Mt hn hp Z gm km v lu hunh; nung nng hn hp trong bnh kn khng c oxi thu c cht rn F. Khi cho F tc dng vi dung dch HCl d li mt cht rn G khng tan cn

nng 1,6 gam v to ra 8,96 lit hn hp kh (kc) c t khi i vi hiro bng 17. Tnh khi lng hn hp Z v hiu sut phn ng gia M v S? IV. Cc oxit axit ( CO 2 , SO 2 ) ho c cc a axit ( H 2 S, H 3 PO 4 ,) tc d ng v i dung d ch ki m: NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , Cho SO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng: SO2 + NaOH > NaHSO3 (1) SO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO3 + H2O (2)

Cho CO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng: CO2 + NaOH > NaHCO3 (1) CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O (2) Lp t l tng t bng trn Cho H2S tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng: H2S+ NaOH > NaHS + H2O (1) H2S+ 2NaOH -> Na2S + 2H2O (2) Lp t l tng t bng trn V d : Bi 1: Tnh khi lng cc cht thu c sau phn ng trong cc trng hp sau: a) Dn 2,24 lit kh hirosunfua vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M b) Dn 13,44 lit SO2 vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c) Dn 0,672 lit SO2 vo 1 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0.02 M Gii * H ng d n: Bc 1: Tnh s mol H2S v s mol NaOH

Bc 2: Lp t l: xc nh sn phm v vit phng trnh phn ng Bc 3: tin hnh tnh s mol sn phm => khi lng sn phm a)

b)

c)

Bi 2: Dn 12, 8 gam SO2 vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 gam /ml). Mui no c to thnh? Tnh C% ca n trong dung dch thu c? Bi 3: t chy hon ton 8,96 lit H2S (ktc) ri ho tan tt c sn phm sinh ra vo 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh nng phn trm ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c? Bi 4: Mt hn hp X gm 2mui sunfit v hirosunfit ca cng mt kim loi kim - Cho 43,6 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d. Cht kh A sinh ra lm mt mu va 400 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,3M 2KMnO4 + 5SO2 +2 H2O 2MnSO4 + 2KHSO4 + H2SO4 - Mt khc, 43,6 gam hn hp X cng tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. a) Xc nh tn kim loi kim? % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp X? b) Cho ton b kh A sinh ra hp th vo 500 gam dung dch Ba(OH)2 6,84%. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c? c) Tnh khi lng dung dch Ba(OH)2 6,84% ti thiu dng hp thu ton b lng kh A ni trn? Bi 5: Dn V lit (kc) kh CO2 qua dung dch c cha 0,1 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 6 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. Tnh V? Bi 6: Cho 16,8 lit kh CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung dch X. Nu cho mt lng d dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch X th thu oc lng kt ta bao nhiu? Bi 7: Dn V lit kh CO2 (kc) hp th vo dung dch c cha 0,5 mol Ca(OH)2 thy c 25 gam kt ta. Tnh V