Vi sinh vt hiu kh v vi sinh vt k kh POSTED BY HUUPHUOC1204 11/29/2010 LI PHN HI 1.

1.Vi sinh vt hiu kh: l nhng loi sinh vt sinh sng v pht trin trong mi trng c khng kh. Trong iu kin khng c khng kh (mi trng ym kh, k kh) chng s cht hoc khng pht trin tt. 2.Vi sinh vt k kh: nhng loi sinh vt sinh sng v pht trin trong mi trng ko c khng kh. Trong iu kin c khng kh chng s cht hoc khng pht trin tt. 3. Phn bit len men hiu kh v k kh - C hai qu trnh s dng cc vi sinh vt tin hnh cc qu trnh ln men, tuy nhin: - Ln men k kh: s dng cc sinh vt k kh hoc thiu kh ln men, i vi cc vi sinh vt ny oxy nh l mt cht c i vi chng, khi tip xc vi oxy chng s cht. - Ln men hiu kh: s dng cc vi sinh vt hiu kh tin hnh qu trnh ln men, i vi qu trnh ny phi thng xuyn cp kh oxy chng c ngun sng, khi ln men cng sut ln ngui ta phi s dng cc my thi kh chuyn dng thi vo bn ln men. - Vic s dng vi sinh hiu kh hay k kh l ty thuc vo mc ch ln men, mi sinh vt u c gi tr v kh nng phn hy ring ca n, ty vo mc ch m chng ta s s dng nh th no cho ph hp. Trong x l nc thi hai qu trnh x l k kh v hiu kh l hai qu trnh thng gp! Qu trnh hiu kh * Qu trnh oxy ha (hay d ha) (COHNS) + O2 + VK hiu kh khc + nng lng Cht hu c * Qu trnh tng hp (ng ha) CO2 + NH3 + sn phm (1.1)

(COHNS) + O2 + VK hiu kh + nng lng khun mi)

C5H7O2N (tb vi

(1.2)

Qu trnh ym kh Trong iu kin ym kh (khng c oxy), vi khun ym kh s phn hy cht hu c nh sau: (COHNS) + VK ym kh khc + nng lng CO2 + H2S + NH3 + CH4 + cc cht (1.3)

(COHNS) + VK ym kh + nng lng

C5H7O2N (tb vi khun mi)

(1.4)

Ghi ch: C5H7O2N l cng thc ha hc thng dng i din cho t bo vi khun. Trong iu kin khng c cht hu c th vi khun s tri qua qu trnh h hp ni bo hay l t oxy ha s dng chnh bn thn chng lm nguyn liu. C5H7O2N + 5O2 5CO2 + NH3 + 2H2O + nng lng (1.5)

trong CO2 v NH3 l cht dinh dng i vi cc loi to. Trong iu kin nh sng thch hp, qu trnh quang hp ca to din ra nh sau: NH3 + 7,62CO2 + 2.53H2O (tb to mi) i vi cc ngun nc t nhin nhn mt lng cht hu c thp th lng oxy sn sinh phng trnh (1.6) s p ng cho hot ng ca vi khun phng trnh (1.1) v (1.2), v chu trnh hot ng c tip din. Chu trnh ny gi l cng sinh to v vi khun, y l mt chu trnh t nhin v cc hot ng ca to v vi khun trng thi cn bng ng. To sau s b cc loi c n thc vt s dng, c n ng vt s n c n thc vt v sau cng con ngi s n c. y l mt trong nhng c ch t lm sch cc ngun nc m chng ta s bn n trong phn sau. C7,62H8,06O2,53N + 7,62O2 (1.6)

Vic thi cc cht thi cha c x l vo ngun nc s gy nn s mt cn bng v mt sinh hc. Khi lng cht thi hu c ln cao th vi khun cn nhiu oxy hn cho qu trnh oxy ha v tng hp ca chng, a n vic suy gim oxy ha tan trong cc ngun nc gy nguy hi cho cc thy sinh vt. Mc d qu trnh quang hp ca to to nn oxy, nhng v m khi khng c nh sng, to s h hp v tiu th oxy v vic ny cng lm suy gim lng oxy ha tan ca ngun nc. Thm ch khi hm lng cht thi qu cao th ngun nc b cn kit oxy hon ton v c mu en ch c cc vi khun ym kh v mt vi loi trng c th sng c. Bn cnh vn nhim ngun nc s mt m quan v cht lng mi trng sng khu vc xung quanh s b suy gim. Trong k thut x l nc thi, qu trnh sinh ha hiu kh thng c ng dng lm sch nc thi cha cc cht bn hu c dng ha tan v dng keo. Qu trnh sinh ha ym kh c ng dng ch bin v kh c cn trong nc thi. Ngoi ra, qu trnh ym kh cn c ng dng x l nc thi cng nghip cha cc cht hu c vi hm lng ln.