Concept of microwave transmission in NSN- GSM architecture Brijesh sir explains the difference between radio transmissions and

feasibility In general what happens is that our voice signal goes to the nearest BTS and from there it passes through different BTSs and finally reaches to BSC. Now how these signals pass through different BTS, So first of all these signals come at the ODU means the antenna of the tower, from there it comes to IDU of different IPs. Now this IDU will convert the optical signals in to the IF signals and then send it to MUX where the signal will be converted in to Ethernet or electrical signals as per requirement. Now again these signals will send to ODU and again reach to the next BTS. So by this way the total E1 will going to be decrease as per site traffic and finally loop will close.

Now how can we check or get the information of different site from NMS, For that we are using slots available in IDUs. As we know all IDUs have their own IP. So when we connect different sites with each other at that time these IDUs are to be matched with each other and finally we can see the status of the site to NMS.

In IDU two different slots are there in which one slot is useful for connect to the MUX and second slot is useful for connect to the second IDU which is already connected to the ODU. This connection between two IDU is of regular LAN cable.

Three types of BTS or elements are there, Root element, branch element and normal element. Root element is a basic BTS at where high capacity elements are working and the connection is established from that BTS

Normal element means the BTS covered in the whole ring between two root elements or one root element itself. Branch element means if the regular ring is working and if we want to divert the path from one normal BTS at that time that normal element will replaced with branch element.