802.

11 Bluetooth

802.11 BLUETOOTH

:
2007
:

 802.11 Bluetooth

,
.
.

, .
,

project,


.
.
,

& , ,

, ,

.
.
, ,
,

.
, 2007

 802.11 Bluetooth

,

. , 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
802.15 (Bluetooth)

. Wi-Fi
(WLAN)
Bluetooth
(WPAN)

, link.
,
. ,
Wi-Fi
2.4 GHz,
Bluetooth,
,
.

Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g) Bluetooth
(802.15)
,
,
.

.

.

.
,
, ,

, , ,

.



.

 802.11 Bluetooth

Abstract
Nowadays the replacement of the classical wired
network substructure, with the wireless one is a fact.
The todays situation has secured the use of 802.11b/g in
case of WLANs and the Bluetooth technology in case of
WPANs. Considering that there is the need, that these 2
technologies will have to coexist and to cooperate in the
same environment, a problem has occurred since both
technologies operate in the same free band known as the
Industrial, Scientific and Medical band of 2.4 GHz. The
manufacturing companies suggest and implement techniques
so that the cooperation of the wireless technologies,
802.11b/g and Bluetooth, will be possible without any
encumbrance to the performance of the networks.
This project works on the coexistence and the
cooperation of Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g) and the Bluetooth
(802.15) and tries to present with a palpable and
supervisory way, if this coexistence is possible, while
trying to record any impact on one standard to the other.
One of the ways of the cooperation research is via an
experiential approach, which is being used in this
project for the output of the results. That method is
being implemented with the usage of real devices and the
uptake of measurements. For this method, laptops are
generally used (as WLAN and WPAN nodes), equipped with
the necessary cards and adapters, moving them in a room
and checking at the same time the transmission rates of
data in a real situation. The difficulty in this method
is that the measurements can be affected by extra
variables such as third unknown interferences, with
unknown characteristics. In order to evade all these
interferences, the project should take place in a
laboratory, with the usage of signal generators and
protocol analysts, connected with wires in a way that
their cooperation could be examined in a controlled
environment. Of course that is impossible to happen in
this project because of the lack of equipment and of the
appropriate space.

 802.11 Bluetooth

.............................................2
................................................3
Abstract ................................................4
.............................................5
....................................7
.....................................9
...................................................10
1. ............................................11
2. ISM Band ...................................12
3. 802.11 ..............................................14
3.1.
802.11 - ...........................14
3.2.
802.11.....14
3.2.1
802.11 ................................14
3.2.2
IEEE 802.11a ...............................14
3.2.3
IEEE 802.11b ...............................14
3.2.4
IEEE 802.11c ...............................15
3.2.5
IEEE 802.11d ...............................15
3.2.6
IEEE 802.11e ...............................15
3.2.7
IEEE 802.11f ...............................15
3.2.8
IEEE 802.11g ...............................15
3.2.9
IEEE 802.11h ...............................15
3.2.10 IEEE 802.11i ...............................15
3.3.
802.11......................15
3.3.1
........................15
3.3.2
...................................16
3.3.3
...........................17
3.3.4
......................17
3.3.5
.................................17
3.3.6
...........17
3.3.7
.........................18
3.4.
802.11................18
3.5.
802.11...................19
3.5.1
FHSS .......................................19
3.5.2
DSSS .......................................20
3.5.3
HR-DSSS ....................................20
3.5.4
Ad hoc ..................21
3.6.
802.11.................21
4. Bluetooth ...........................................23
4.1.
.........................................23
4.2.
..........................23
4.3.
Bluetooth...24
4.3.1
Bluetooth ....................24
4.3.2
........................25
4.4.
Bluetooth........................26
4.5.
Bluetooth..........26
5. ...............................28
6. Bluetooth 802.11 ..............30

 802.11 Bluetooth

7. ...............................31
7.1.
..............................31
7.2.
....................31
7.2.1
.......................31
7.2.2
Throughput .................................31
7.2.3
RTT delay ..................................32
7.2.4
Inter-packet delay variation (Jitter) ......32
7.3.
WLAN
WPAN
33
7.3.1
TCP vs UDP .................................34
7.3.2
tcp
udp 34
7.3.3
............................38
7.4.
..........38
7.4.1
1 ......................38
7.4.2
2 ......................39
7.4.3
3 ......................40
7.5.
..............................42
8. ..........................................43
9. .................................44
9.1.
.............................44
9.2.
..............................45
10. .............................48
10.1.
1 ..........................48
10.1.1 ..................................48
10.1.2 TCP ...........................49
10.1.3 UDP ...........................52
10.2.
2 ...................................53
10.2.1 ..................................53
10.2.2 TCP ...........................54
10.2.3 UDP ...........................57
10.3.
3 ...................................58
10.3.1 ..................................58
10.3.2 TCP ...........................59
10.3.3 UDP ...........................62
10.4.
4 ...................................63
10.4.1 ..................................63
10.4.2 TCP ...........................64
10.4.3 UDP ...........................67
10.5.
5 ...................................68
10.5.1 ..................................68
10.5.2 TCP ...........................69
10.6.
6 ...............................- 72 10.6.1 TCP ...........................73
10.7.
7 ...................................76
10.7.1 ..................................76
10.7.2 TCP ...........................77
10.7.3 UDP ...........................80
10.8.
8 ...................................81
10.8.1 ..................................81
10.8.2 TCP ...........................82

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.3 UDP ...........................85

10.8.4 tcptrace ...............86
10.9.
...........................89
10.9.1 () - 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth coexistence...........................................89
10.9.2 () - 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth coexistence...........................................93
11. ........................96
11.1.
......................................96
11.1.1 1 ..................................96
11.1.2 2 ..................................97
11.1.3 3 ..................................97
11.1.4 4 ..................................97
11.1.5 5 ..................................98
11.1.6 6 ..................................98
11.1.7 7 ..................................99
11.1.8 8 ..................................99
12. ..................101
12.1.
Dynamic Channel Selection for Wi-Fi Networks
( Wi-Fi ) .....101
12.2.
Adaptive Fragmentation for Wi-Fi Networks
( Wi-Fi ) 102
12.3.
Bluetooth Coexistence Enhancements
( ) .......................102
12.4.
Intelligent Frequency Hopping (
) .........................................102
12.5.
Transmit Power Control (
) 103
12.6.
Wi-Fi & Bluetooth
...................................104
13. .......................105
14. ..................................106

2-1: 2.4 ISM ..........13
3-1: 802.11 16
3-2: 802.11 ...............19
3-3: 802.11 ..................22
4-1: Bluetooth ........24
4-2:
................26
5-1: 802.11 Bluetooth .............28
7-1: RTT delay .......................32
7-2: windump server ( tcp) ......35
7-3: iperf server ( tcp) ........36
7-4: windump client ( tcp) .....36
7-5: iperf client ( tcp) .......37
7-6: ( tcp) ...................38

 802.11 Bluetooth

7-7: tcptrace (1 ) ..................39

7-8: tcptrace RTT Delay (2 ) .....39
7-9: tcptrace throughput (2 ) ....40
7-10: xpl2gpl (1)RTT, (2)Throughput .......41
9-1: ......................44
9-2: .........................46
9-3:
.............................................47
10-1: 1 , 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch3) coexistence ..............................................48
10-2: 1 , 802.11 Throughput ..............49
10-3: 1 , 802.11 RTT-delay ...............49
10-4: 1 , Jitter .........................52
10-5: 1 , Packet to Packet Delay .........52
10-6: 2 , 802.11 (ch1)-802.11 (ch6) coexistence ..............................................53
10-7: 2 , 802.11 Throughput ..............54
10-8: 2 , 802.11 RTT-delay ...............54
10-9: 2 , Jitter .........................57
10-10: 2 , Packet to Packet Delay ........57
10-11: 3 , 802.11@1-802.11@11 Co-existence
.......................................................58
10-12: 3 , 802.11 Throughput .............59
10-13: 3 , 802.11 RTT-delay ..............59
10-14: 3 , Jitter ........................62
10-15: 3 , Packet to Packet Delay ........62
10-16: 4 , 802.11@1 no co-existence ......63
10-17: 4 , 802.11 Throughput .............64
10-18: 4 , 802.11 RTT-Delay ..............64
10-19: 4 , Jitter ........................67
10-20: 4 , Packet to Packet Delay ........67
10-21: 5 , 802.11@1 Bluetooth (30-60 secs)
.......................................................68
10-22: 5 , Throughput ....................69
10-23: 5 , RTT-Delay .....................69
10-24: 6 , 802.11@ch1 Bluetooth coexistence ..........................................- 72 10-25: 6 , Bluetooth throughput ..........73
10-26: 6 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay ...........73
10-27: 7 , Bluetooth no co-existence .....76
10-28: 7 , Bluetooth Throughput ..........77
10-29: 7 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay ...........77
10-30: 7 , Jitter ........................80
10-31: 7 , Packet to Packet Delay ........80
10-32: 8 , co-existence ...........81
10-33: 8 , Bluetooth Throughput ..........82
10-34: 8 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay ...........82
10-35: 8 , Jitter ........................85
10-36: 8 , Packet to Packet Delay ........85
10-37: ()
- ...........................89

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-38: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=0 90

10-39: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=12
sec ....................................................91
10-40: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=32
sec ....................................................92
10-41: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=60
sec ....................................................92
10-42: ()
- ...........................93
10-43: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Coexistence time=0 sec ...................................94
10-44: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Coexistence time=12 sec ..................................94
10-45: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Coexistence time=32 ......................................95
10-46: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Coexistence time=60 sec ..................................95

2-1: Wi-Fi ................17
5-1:
Bluetooth & 802.11 .....................................30
7-1: Hardware ..................................43
9-1: 1 , TCP ......50
9-2: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch3) coexistence ..............................................51
9-3: 1 , UDP ......52
9-4: 2 , TCP ......55
9-5: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch6) coexistence ..............................................56
9-6: 2 , UDP ......57
9-7: 3 , TCP ......60
9-8: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch11) coexistence ..............................................61
9-9: 3 , UDP ......62
9-10: 4 , TCP .....64
9-11: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) ..................66
9-12: 4 , UDP .....67
9-13: 5 , TCP .....69
9-14: Tcptrace 802.11 (ch1) Bluetooth (30-60
secs) ..................................................71
9-15: 6 , TCP .....73
9-16: Tcptrace - 802.11@ch1 Bluetooth coexistence ..............................................75
9-17: 7 , TCP .....77
9-18: Tcptrace Bluetooth no co-existence .....79
9-19: 7 , UDP .....80
9-20:8 , TCP ......82
9-21: Tcptrace co-existence ...........84
9-22: 8 , UDP .....85

 802.11 Bluetooth

802.11b/g WLANs
Bluetooth WPANs.

2.4GHz (Unlicensed
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical - ISM band).

802.11b/g Bluetooth
.

.
:

10

 802.11 Bluetooth

1.

WLAN

WPAN

,
.

.

/.
(
)
Packet Error
Rate (PER) ,

. .
,

/ .

.
.
laptops ( WLAN
WPAN nodes),
adapters, ,

.

, .

,

,


.

11

 802.11 Bluetooth

2. ISM Band
21
2.4 GHz (Industrial, Scientific and
Medical Band)
.

,


.
,
, (ISM),
. ,
, ,
,

ISM.

, FCC

.
. 2.4 GHz
.

.

ISM 2.4GHz,
15.247 FCC

(direct
sequence
spread
spectrum-DSSS) (frequency hop
spread spectrum-FHSS) . ISM
2.4GHz 83.5MHz
2.400GHz 2.4835GHz. 15.247
FCC
1 Watt DSSS
FHSS. Wi-Fi

DSSS,

Bluetooth

FHSS.

12

 802.11 Bluetooth

2-1: 2.4 ISM

13

 802.11 Bluetooth

3. 802.11
3.1. 802.11 -

802.11

, WLAN
. OSI,
(PHY, Physical Layer)
(MAC, Medium Access Control).


.
,
802.11
Ethernet.

.

3.2. 802.11
3.2.1

802.11

1997 , 7
. 1 2 Mbps.

,
connectionless
.

FHSS DSSS
915 Mz, 2.4 z, 5.2 z
850 nm 900 nm.

3.2.2

IEEE 802.11a

OFDM 6 54 Mbps ,
5.7GHz. OFDM , Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing
.

3.2.3

IEEE 802.11b

,
1999. 802.11
, 5.5Mbps
11Mbps

DSSS.

. ,
. 802.11b
802.11 ,

.
14

 802.11 Bluetooth

3.2.4

IEEE 802.11c

(bridging) 802.11.

3.2.5

IEEE 802.11d

( ).

3.2.6

IEEE 802.11e

QoS MAC (EDCF, Enhanced DCF

HCF, Hybrid Coordination Function).

3.2.7

IEEE 802.11f

IAPP, Inter Access

Point Protocol.

3.2.8

IEEE 802.11g

3.2.9

IEEE 802.11h

802.11b

802.11a (DCS, Dynamic

Selection TPC, Transmit Power Control).

3.2.10

Channel

IEEE 802.11i

MAC .

3.3. 802.11
, 2.4GHz
. '

.

3.3.1

802.11
, 3-1:
i.
ii.

20 MHz
802.11 b/g
30 dB
(Peak) 11 MHz
, , 50
dB 22 MHz
.

15

 802.11 Bluetooth

3-1: 802.11

3.3.2

.

.


.


, .


.
,
,
,
, , ,
, .

16

 802.11 Bluetooth

3.3.3

(,
,
, ) ,
. bandwidth
. 3-1
.

802.11b
802.11g

1Mbps
2Mbps
5.5Mbps
11Mbps
18Mbps
54Mbps

570m
450m
300m
180m
150m
50m

3-1: Wi-Fi

3.3.4

.


.

3.3.5

LAN
2.4GHz
,
Bluetooth.

.

.

( ,

, ...).

3.3.6

WLAN
.

.

17

 802.11 Bluetooth

3.3.7

:

FHSS
DSSS.

802.11a 5.7GHz
802.11b/g
2.4GHz.

.
.

Wi-Fi .

3.4. 802.11
802.11 1997
.

.

,
FHSS DSSS.

,
ISM 2.4 GHz.
1 2 Mbps ,
. 1999
.
OFDM HR-DSSS.
54 Mbps 11 bps, .

18

 802.11 Bluetooth

3-2: 802.11

3.5. 802.11

,
MAC .
, ,
.
.

3.5.1

FHSS

(Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) 79

, 1 MHz,
ISM 2.4 GHz.


.
(seed)
,
.
,
(dwell time),
, 400
msec. FHSS
ISM.


.
19

 802.11 Bluetooth

, FHSS
.
,
.
.

3.5.2

DSSS

(Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum), 1 2 Mbps.
. bit

11
,

Barker
(Barker
sequence).
1 Mbaud,
1 bit baud 1 Mbps
2 bit 2 Mbps. FCC

ISM ...
.

3.5.3

HR-DSSS

(High Rate Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum),

11 /sec
11 Mbps 2.4 GHz. 802.11b
802.11a (
OFDM,
). ,
.
802.11b
1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps.
1 Mbaud, 1 2 bit
baud ,
( DSSS).
1.375 Mbaud,
4 8 bit baud ,
Walsh/Hadamard.

,
.
, 802.11b
11 Mbps. 802.11b
802.11a, 7
, .
802.11b, 802.11g,
IEEE 2001

.
OFDM 802.11a, ISM

20

 802.11 Bluetooth

2.4 GHz 802.11b.

54 Mbps.
.
802.11
LAN
: 802.11a, 802.11b 802.11g.

3.5.4

Ad hoc

, ad hoc,

.
(Base
station).

3.6. 802.11
802.11 13
, 3 ,

. 1, 6 11.
3-3
.

21

 802.11 Bluetooth

3-3: 802.11

22

 802.11 Bluetooth

4. Bluetooth
4.1.

Bluetooth
Personal rea etworks (WPANs).
Bluetooth
PDAs, ,
, ,

ISM Band
(2.4 GHz).

4.2.
Bluetooth
Ericsson.
2.4 GHz, 79
. Bluetooth
8 .
(power class) Bluetooth
,
. [1.0,
1.0b, 1.1 1.2]
700 Kb/sec
[2.0] 2.1 MB/sec.
Bluetooth [Broadcast]
:
9 [Device Name]: 48bit .


Bluetooth.
9 [Device Class]: 24-bit

Bluetooth.

23

 802.11 Bluetooth

,
Bluetooth
(
10 ). ,
4-1, Bluetooth
1 MHz -20dB.

4-1: Bluetooth

4.3. Bluetooth
4.3.1

Bluetooth

Bluetooth (master)
7 (slave)
. 8 (1
7 ) piconet.
,
. ,

,

.

24

 802.11 Bluetooth

,
(1.x) Bluetooth.

, 255
(parked) .

,
. ,


.
/

Bluetooth
5$.
,
. ,
TDM,

.
.

4.3.2

' , Bluetooth
, ,
()
,
Bluetooth ..
48-bit ,
. ,
,
. Bluetooth
,
. ,
Bluetooth 24-bit ,
(, , handsfree ..). H
/.

Bluetooth

'

.
-
-
, . ,

,
.
,
(
passkey). ,
25

 802.11 Bluetooth

.
,
.

,
.

4.4. Bluetooth

4-2:

4.5. Bluetooth
bit
, .
10 ISM
2.4 GHz. 79 1 MHz
.
, 1 bit 1 MHz,
1 Mbps,

,
,

(FHSS),

1600
/sec

625
sec.

26

 802.11 Bluetooth

,
.

802.11

Bluetooth
ISM 2.4 GHz 79 ,
. Bluetooth
802.11,

Bluetooth

802.11, .
802.11 802.15 IEEE,
IEEE
,
ISM :
. 802.11a
ISM ( 5 GHz)
802.11b (
), 802.11a
.

Bluetooth.

,
.

27

 802.11 Bluetooth

5.
Bluetooth 802.11

. 5-1
IEEE
802.11b Bluetooth .



.

(adjacent
channel
interference).

5-1: 802.11 Bluetooth

28

 802.11 Bluetooth

;


. ,
,

29

 802.11 Bluetooth

6. Bluetooth 802.11

cell

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

2.4 GHz
Adaptive Frequency
Hopping
FHSS
110 mW (110 dBm)
10 m

2.4 GHz, 5 GHz

Dynamic Frequency
Selection
DSSS, CCK, OFDM
30100 mW (1520 dBm)
100 m

732 kb/s

31.4 Mb/s

Piconet

BBS

Scatternet

ESS

8 ,
255

1 Mb/s

54 Mb/s

From 0.1 to 400 kb/s

m2
16-bit CRC

E0 stream cipher

15 kb/s m2
32-bit CRC
RC4 stream cipher,
RES

6-1: Bluetooth & 802.11

30

 802.11 Bluetooth

7.
7.1.

, TCP UDP.

,
. TCP,
throughput RTT
Delay,
. , UDP
Jitter Packet to Packet
Delay.
, , 802.11
Bluetooth
.

7.2.
7.2.1

.
:
.

.
.

7.2.2

Throughput

, throughput,

,
, v,
. throughput
(bit/s BPS).
throughput

. , throughput,
throughput. throughput
.

31

 802.11 Bluetooth

7.2.3

RTT delay

7-1: RTT delay

RTT delay (round trip time delay)

. RTT Delay

, (Voice
telephony)
RTT delay throughput.
TCP

.
sec
.
RTT Delay

3 (3-way
handshake) 7-1.

7.2.4

Inter-packet delay variation (Jitter)

H (Interpacket delay variation)

. Inter-packet delay variation

.
Jitter
.

Jitter

,
.
jitter,
(,
, ) Jitter,
Jitter.

32

 802.11 Bluetooth

Jitter .
. ,
" "
( ) -

.

7.3.
WPAN

WLAN

.
,
,
TCP UDP,

TCP UDP.
.
:

(TCP
.
()

UDP)

2 , .
802.11,
Server
Access Point.

Access
Point.

802.11,
Ad-Hoc.
Access Point
Peer-to-Peer 2
802.11. ,
,
. IP (Private Address).

Bluetooth.
USB Bluetooth adapters.

.

(multipath fading)
.
33

 802.11 Bluetooth

7.3.1

TCP vs UDP

TCP
UDP
.
TCP: Internet
. TCP

, TCP
.

(flow
control).
,
, ,
.

(collision) .
, o client server

.
UDP:

Internet .
UDP,

streaming video
audio .
UDP TCP

. ,

. UDP
.
streaming video .

7.3.2

tcp udp

iperf
(http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/
) command prompt .

(server) (client)
IP , .
iperf
TCP Bandwidth,

UDP.
Bandwidth, delay jitter datagram loss.
server
windump, 7-2,

34

 802.11 Bluetooth

(sniffing). server

iperf,

7-3,

. client
. client,
windump, 7-4,
,
. iperf, 7-5,

server. windump
server client.
tcp
udp .
iperf, server client,
2 .

7-2: windump server ( tcp)

:
windump w wireless_laptop_chan1_tcp i 3 tcp port 5001
w
windump ,
.

i
3. 3
. windump D,

server

, ,
interface 3( i).
tcp,
tcp .

35

 802.11 Bluetooth

( port 5001).

7-3: iperf server ( tcp)

7-4: windump client ( tcp)

client interface ( 3 2),
p,
interface
.

36

 802.11 Bluetooth

7-5: iperf client ( tcp)

iperf client iperf c 192.168.2.1 t 60

i 1, c
client .
IP server. t 60

( ).
i 1 ( i
interval)
( 1
).

:

,
, 7-6,
60 ,
. bandwidth ,
, Mb
.
bytes ,
bandwidth .
binary
.
throughput, , Round
Trip Time, TTL
.

37

 802.11 Bluetooth

7-6: ( tcp)

screenshots
.

7.3.3

,

.

Windump
(http://www.winpcap.org/) server client.
Windump


.

,
,
.

7.4.
binary windump
windows.

Linux
.

7.4.1

binary
, 7-7.

tcptrace
lwr
wireless_laptop_tcp_channel1
>
channel_1_laptop_tcp.

38

 802.11 Bluetooth

channel_1_laptop_tcp.

7-7:

7.4.2

tcptrace (1 )

tcptrace zxy xtraffic-R i0.5 , 7-8.

traffic_rtt.gpl
RTT. zxy ,
0. xtraffic
. R
RTT i0.5
0.5 .
B,
7-9, R throughput.

7-8: tcptrace RTT Delay (2 )

39

 802.11 Bluetooth

7-9: tcptrace throughput (2 )

7.4.3

xpl2gpl s traffic_rtt.xpl.

traffic_rtt.gpl
Round Trip Time .

traffic_rtt.dataset.blue.line,
traffic_rtt.dataset.red.line
traffic_rtt.dataset.blue.line.
,
, Blue.
RTT
.
Microsoft Excel.
.

ms . , 7-10,
,
throughput,

bytes

40

 802.11 Bluetooth

7-10: xpl2gpl (1)RTT, (2)Throughput

41

 802.11 Bluetooth

7.5.


,
, 45 .. .
, ,
(
).


, 10 .

, .
, ,
,
,

.
.

42

 802.11 Bluetooth

8.
O (hardware)
.
Access Point
Bluetooth adaptor
PC
Laptop
Antennas
Spectrum Analyzer

Dlink 802.11b/g DSL-G604T

Level 1 MDU-0005USB
Gigabyte GN-BT 02
Intel Based PC- Pentium 4
Asus
2.1 dBi dipole omni
Agilent E4407B
8-1: Hardware

43

 802.11 Bluetooth

9.

,


.

.

.

9.1.
9.50m

Spectrum
analyzer

802.11
&
Bluetooth
adaptor

802.11
Access
Point 1

802.11
&
Bluetooth
adaptor

7.20m

Bluetooth
adaptor

Bluetooth
adaptor

Bluetooth
adaptor

802.11
Access
Point 2

9-1:

9-1.
45 .. .
, ,
.

44

 802.11 Bluetooth

,

.

.
802.11
.

Access
Points.

1, 6 11 3
2.4GHZ ISM .

Bluetooth

9.2.
, 2
802.11 (802.11 subnet1 802.11 subnet2)
Bluetooth.
802.11
802.11
Bluetooth.
9-2.

45

 802.11 Bluetooth

9-2:

.

9-3.

46

 802.11 Bluetooth

9-3:

47

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.
10.1.

10.1.1

802.11 chanel

1 2
1 3.
1 3 -.
1
10-1.
11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

802.11@ch1
802.11@ch3

15

30

45

60

Time (sec)

10-1: 1 , 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch3) co-existence

48

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.1.2

TCP
Throughput

20
18
16

Mbit/sec

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

time (sec)

10-2: 1 , 802.11 Throughput

RTT Delay
50
45
40
35

ms

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

time (sec)

10-3: 1 , 802.11 RTT-delay

49

 802.11 Bluetooth

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msec)

0-30 sec
7.12
21.47

30-60 sec
16.49
5.07

10-1: 1 , TCP

10.1.2.1

10-2 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case1_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
86419 packets seen, 86419 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.622955, 138724 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:00.111985
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.1.10:1206
host b:
192.168.1.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 15:57:05.746340 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 15:58:05.858326 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:00.111985
total packets: 86419
filename:
subnet1_case1_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
63608
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
63607
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent: 86769688
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
63604
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes: 86855096
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
62
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
85408
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
10605
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length: 86769688 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
84183746 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
63603 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
60.099 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
796.7 ms
idletime max:

50

22811
22811
22809
32
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
32
0
0
1460
0
0
0
65535
61723
0
65533
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
1211.5

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1443467 Bps

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

22700
1.9
780.2
7.7
17.8

throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

ms
ms
ms
ms

3.7 ms
17332
2.3
780.2
7.4
18.1

ms
ms
ms
ms

0 Bps

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
23
post-loss acks:
For the following 5 RTT statistics, only ACKs for
multiply-transmitted segments (ambiguous ACKs) were
considered. Times are taken from the last instance
of a segment.
ambiguous acks:
9
ambiguous acks:
RTT min (last):
0.7 ms
RTT min (last):
RTT max (last):
403.5 ms
RTT max (last):
RTT avg (last):
79.3 ms
RTT avg (last):
RTT sdv (last):
140.5 ms
RTT sdv (last):
segs cum acked:
40814
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
77
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
10
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
2
max # retrans:
min retr time:
0.7 ms
min retr time:
max retr time:
1648.1 ms
max retr time:
avg retr time:
562.4 ms
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:
438.6 ms
sdv retr time:

ms
ms
ms
ms

0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

10-2: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch3) co-existence

51

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.1.3

UDP

3.5

Jitter (msec)

3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

Time (sec)
10-4: 1 , Jitter

P2P delay (msec)

25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

Time (sec)
10-5: 1 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (msec)

min Jitter (msec)
max Jitter (msec)
average P2P delay (msec)
min P2P delay (msec)
max P2P delay (msec)

0-30 sec
1.253
0.151
3.080
1.259
0.000
20.012

30-60 sec
1.251
0.609
3.125
1.255
0.000
20.798

10-3: 1 , UDP

52

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.2.

10.2.1

802.11 chanel

2 2
1 6.
-
.
2
10-6.

10-6: 2 , 802.11 (ch1)-802.11 (ch6) co-existence

53

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.2.2

TCP
Throughput

20
18
16

Mbit/sec

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

time (sec)

10-7: 2 , 802.11 Throughput

RTT Delay
14
12
10

ms

8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

time (sec)

10-8: 2 , 802.11 RTT-delay

54

 802.11 Bluetooth

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msc)

0-30 sec
13.87
6.43

30-60 sec
16.12
5.35

10-4: 2 , TCP

10.2.2.1

10-5 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case2_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
114581 packets seen, 114581 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:02.414347, 47458 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:00.010797
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.1.10:1210
host b:
192.168.1.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 16:14:21.085982 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 16:15:21.096779 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:00.010797
total packets: 114581
filename:
subnet1_case2_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
83961
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
83960
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent: 114630680
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
83957
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes: 114630680
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
0
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
0
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
13994
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length: 114630680 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
111104504 bytes
truncated data:

55

30620
30620
30618
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
65535
64643
0
65534
0
0
0
0
0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes

 802.11 Bluetooth

truncated packets:
data xmit time:
idletime max:
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

83956
60.002
210.8
1910168
30619
1.9
231.3
6.6
4.6

pkts
secs
ms
Bps

truncated packets:
data xmit time:
idletime max:
throughput:

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1.9 ms
23210
2.2
231.3
6.2
4.5
0
53340
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

0
0.000
189.5
0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-5: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch6) co-existence

56

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.2.3

UDP
6

Jitter (msec)

5
4
3
2
1
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

Time (sec)

10-9: 2 , Jitter
40

P2P delay (msec)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

Time (sec)

10-10: 2 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (msec)

min Jitter (msec)
max Jitter (msec)
average P2P delay (msec)
min P2P delay (msec)
max P2P delay (msec)

0-30 sec
1.291
0.151
5.288
1.298
0.000
35.496

30-60 sec
1.244
0.530
3.066
1.245
0.000
21.221

10-6: 2 , UDP

57

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.3.

10.3.1

3 2
1 11.
-,
.
3
10-11.

11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

802.11@ch1
802.11@ch11

15

30

10-11: 3 ,

45

60

Time (sec)

802.11@1-802.11@11 Co-existence

58

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.3.2

TCP
Throughput

25

Mbit/sec

20

15

10

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

time (sec)

10-12: 3 , 802.11 Throughput

RTT Delay
16
14
12

ms

10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

time (sec)

10-13: 3 , 802.11 RTT-delay

59

 802.11 Bluetooth

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msc)

0-30 sec
15.92
5.51

30-60 sec
17.05
4.88

10-7: 3 , TCP

10.3.2.1

10-8 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case3_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
124574 packets seen, 124574 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:02.227249, 55931 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:00.005767
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.1.10:1211
host b:
192.168.1.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 16:18:41.227069 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 16:19:41.232836 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:00.005767
total packets: 124574
filename:
subnet1_case3_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
91951
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
91950
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent: 125534232
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
91947
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes: 125541532
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
5
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
7300
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
15326
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length: 125534232 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:

60

32623
32623
32621
9
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
9
0
0
1460
0
0
0
65535
64075
0
65534
0
0
0
0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes

 802.11 Bluetooth

truncated data:
121679776 bytes
truncated packets:
91946 pkts
data xmit time:
59.998 secs
idletime max:
479.4 ms
throughput:
2092036 Bps

truncated data:
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
idletime max:
throughput:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

32605
1.5
39.8
5.9
2.7

ms
ms
ms
ms

1.5 ms
24762
2.2
39.8
5.5
2.6
4
59335
13
1
1
1.9
502.1
300.7
271.1

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

0
0
0.000
484.5
0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-8: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1) - 802.11 (ch11) co-existence

61

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.3.3

UDP

3.5

Jitter (msec)

3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

Time (sec)
10-14: 3 , Jitter

P2P delay (msec)

25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

Time (sec)

10-15: 3 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (msec)

min Jitter (msec)
max Jitter (msec)
average P2P delay (msec)
min P2P delay (msec)
max P2P delay (msec)

0-30 sec
1.251
0.567
2.938
1.258
0.000
20.101

30-60 sec
1.261
0.603
2.994
1.266
0.000
20.028

10-9: 3 , UDP

62

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.4.

10.4.1

802.11 chanel

4
1.

,
,
. 4

10-16.
11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

802.11@ch1

15

30

45

60

Time (sec)

10-16: 4 , 802.11@1 no co-existence

63

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.4.2

TCP
Throughput

20
18
16

Mbit/sec

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

time (sec)

10-17: 4 , 802.11 Throughput

RTT Delay
7
6
5

ms

4
3
2
1
0
0

10

20

30

40

time (sec)

10-18: 4 , 802.11 RTT-Delay

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msc)

0-30 sec
16.98
4.92

30-60 sec
16.92
4.98

10-10: 4 , TCP

64

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.4.2.1

10-11 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case4_alone_tcp'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
126906 packets seen, 126906 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.734398, 172802 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:00.031310
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.1.10:1215
host b:
192.168.1.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 16:27:57.488249 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 16:28:57.519560 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:00.031310
total packets: 126906
filename:
subnet1_case4_alone_tcp
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
93768
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
93767
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent: 128016408
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
93764
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes: 128022248
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
4
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
5840
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
15628
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length: 128016408 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
124084178 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
93763 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
60.008 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
204.3 ms
idletime max:
throughput:
2132494 Bps
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

33128
2.3
64.2
5.8
2.5

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

ms
ms
ms
ms

65

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

33138
33138
33136
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
65535
64075
0
65534
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
299.9
0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

15.7 ms
25011
2.3
64.2
5.4
2.4
4
60630
4
1
1
3.2
299.8
202.6
139.8

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-11: Tcptrace - 802.11 (ch1)

66

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.4.3

UDP

4.5
4
Jitter (msec)

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Time (sec)

10-19: 4 , Jitter

P2P delay (msec)

25.0000
20.0000
15.0000
10.0000
5.0000
0.0000
0

10

20

30

40

50

Time (sec)

10-20: 4 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (msec)

min Jitter (msec)
max Jitter (msec)
average P2P delay (msec)
min P2P delay (msec)
max P2P delay (msec)

0-30sec
1.258
0.036
3.931
1.265
0.000
22.683

30-60sec
1.240
0.602
3.013
1.336
0.000
20.989

10-12: 4 , UDP

67

60

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.5.

10.5.1

5 .
802.11, 1.
, Bluetooth .
Bluetooth 30 secs
30-60 secs 5

10-21.

802.11 chanel

802.11@ch1
11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Bluetooth

Time (sec)
15

30

45

60

75

90

10-21: 5 , 802.11@1 Bluetooth (30-60 secs)

68

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.5.2

TCP
Throughput

20
18
16

Mbit/sec

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

70

80

90

time (sec)

10-22: 5 , Throughput
RTT Delay
14
12
10

ms

8
6
4
2
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

time (sec)

10-23: 5 , RTT-Delay

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msec)

0-30 sec
17.16
4.86

30-60 sec
10.83
8.36

60-90 sec
17.32
4.91

10-13: 5 , TCP

69

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.5.2.1

10-14 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case5_tcp_client-SWSTO'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
169506 packets seen, 169506 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:02.573650, 65862 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:30.034653
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.1.10:1265
host b:
192.168.1.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 17:52:27.675916 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 17:53:57.710570 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:30.034653
total packets: 169506
filename:
subnet1_case5_tcp_client-SWSTO
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
124996
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
124995
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent: 170655768
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
124992
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes: 170655768
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
0
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
0
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
20833
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length: 170655768 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
165406122 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
124991 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
90.009 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
301.2 ms
idletime max:
throughput:
1895445 Bps
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

44508
2.3
305.5
6.6
4.7

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

ms
ms
ms
ms

70

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

44510
44510
44508
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
65535
64075
0
65534
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
150.8
0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

19.6 ms
33780
2.4
305.0
6.2
4.5
0
80486
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-14: Tcptrace 802.11 (ch1) Bluetooth (30-60 secs)

71

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.6.

802.11 chanel

6
802.11 Bluetooth.
Bluetooth 90 secs,
30 sec 802.11
(channel 1).
10-24.
Bluetooth

11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

802.11@ch1

Time (sec)
15

30

45

60

75

90

10-24: 6 , 802.11@ch1 Bluetooth co-existence

- 72 -

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.6.1

TCP
Throughput

700
600

Kbit/sec

500
400
300
200
100
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

time (sec)

10-25: 6 , Bluetooth throughput

RTT Delay
700
600
500

ms

400
300
200
100
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

time (sec)

10-26: 6 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay

Average throughput (kb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msec)

0-30 sec
520.12
279.86

30-60 sec
313.41
431.40

60-90 sec
357.09
388.23

10-15: 6 , TCP

73

90

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.6.1.1

10-16 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case6_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
4437 packets seen, 4437 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.166000, 26728 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:30.486731
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.10.1:1277
host b:
192.168.10.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 18:04:58.238166 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 18:06:28.724898 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:30.486731
total packets: 4437
filename:
subnet1_case6_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
2956
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
2955
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent:
4030488
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
2952
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes:
4030488
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
0
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
0
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
493
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length:
4030488 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
3906522 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
2951 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
90.165 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
293.7 ms
idletime max:
throughput:
44542 Bps
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:

1480
27.7 ms
680.0 ms
365.1 ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

74

samples:
min:
max:
avg:

1481
1481
1479
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
17520
16628
0
17519
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
150.0
0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps

2
0.0 ms
0.0 ms
0.0 ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

RTT stdev:

84.7 ms

RTT stdev:

0.0 ms

RTT from 3WHS:

27.7 ms

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

1075
49.1
680.0
367.3
83.6
0
1474
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-16: Tcptrace - 802.11@ch1 Bluetooth co-existence

75

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.7.
10.7.1

802.11 chanel

7

Bluetooth.

,
802.11 Bluetooth. 7

10-27.
11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Bluetooth

15

30

45

60

Time (sec)

10-27: 7 , Bluetooth no co-existence

76

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.7.2

TCP
Throughput

700
600

Kbit/sec

500
400
300
200
100
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

60

time (sec)

10-28: 7 , Bluetooth Throughput

RTT Delay
450
400
350

ms

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

10

20

30

40

time (sec)

10-29: 7 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay

Average troughput (kb/s)

Average RTT-delay (msec)

0-60 sec
521.56
269.31

10-17: 7 , TCP

77

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.7.2.1

10-18 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'case7_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
4067 packets seen, 4067 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.024701, 164649 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:01:00.270989
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.10.1:1413
host b:
192.168.10.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 19:07:41.902396 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 19:08:42.173385 2006
elapsed time: 0:01:00.270989
total packets: 4067
filename:
case7_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
2710
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
2709
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent:
3694616
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
2706
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes:
3694616
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
0
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
0
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
452
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length:
3694616 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
3580982 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
2705 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
60.006 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
252.8 ms
idletime max:
throughput:
61300 Bps
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

1356
12.0
432.0
265.1
43.2

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

ms
ms
ms
ms

78

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

1357
1357
1355
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
17520
17520
0
17520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
127.0
0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

12.0 ms
907
38.5
429.0
264.9
43.4
0
1352
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

RTT from 3WHS:

0.0 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-18: Tcptrace Bluetooth no co-existence

79

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.7.3

UDP

30

Jitter (msec)

25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Time (sec)
10-30: 7 , Jitter

P2P delay (msec)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

10

20

30

40

Time (sec)
10-31: 7 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (msec)

min Jitter (msec)
max Jitter (msec)
average P2P delay (msec)
min P2P delay (msec)
max P2P delay (msec)

0-60 sec
1.258
0.036
3.931
14.935
0.000
72.978

10-19: 7 , UDP

80

50

60

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.

10.8.1

8

802.11 Bluetooth.

802.11

11
.
Bluetooth . 30 sec
1 (ch1) 60 secs. 60 sec
2 (ch11) 60
secs. 2
( MHz )
Bluetooth
, 802.11.
8
10-32.

11
10
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

802.11@ch1
802.11@ch11
Bluetooth

Time (sec)
15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

10-32: 8 , co-existence

81

135

150

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.2

TCP
Throughput

700
600

Kbit/sec

500
400
300
200
100
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

120

140

time (sec)

10-33: 8 , Bluetooth Throughput

RTT Delay
700
600
500

ms

400
300
200
100
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

time (sec)

10-34: 8 , Bluetooth RTT-Delay

Average troughput (Mb/s)

Average RTT Delay (ms)

0-30 sec
515.93
278.89

30-60 sec
346.72
384.95

60-90 sec
302.78
446.06

10-20:8 , TCP

82

90-150 sec
514.40
257.42

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.2.1

10-21 ,

tcptrace.
1 arg remaining, starting with 'subnet1_case8_tcp_client'
Ostermann's tcptrace -- version 6.6.7 -- Thu Nov 4, 2004
8712 packets seen, 8712 TCP packets traced
elapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.057805, 150713 pkts/sec analyzed
trace file elapsed time: 0:02:30.387118
TCP connection info:
1 TCP connection traced:
TCP connection 1:
host a:
192.168.10.1:1343
host b:
192.168.10.2:5001
complete conn: yes
first packet: Thu Dec 14 18:37:37.882435 2006
last packet:
Thu Dec 14 18:40:08.269553 2006
elapsed time: 0:02:30.387118
total packets: 8712
filename:
subnet1_case8_tcp_client
a->b:
b->a:
total packets:
5806
total packets:
ack pkts sent:
5805
ack pkts sent:
pure acks sent:
2
pure acks sent:
sack pkts sent:
0
sack pkts sent:
dsack pkts sent:
0
dsack pkts sent:
max sack blks/ack:
0
max sack blks/ack:
unique bytes sent:
7921688
unique bytes sent:
actual data pkts:
5802
actual data pkts:
actual data bytes:
7921688
actual data bytes:
rexmt data pkts:
0
rexmt data pkts:
rexmt data bytes:
0
rexmt data bytes:
zwnd probe pkts:
0
zwnd probe pkts:
zwnd probe bytes:
0
zwnd probe bytes:
outoforder pkts:
0
outoforder pkts:
pushed data pkts:
968
pushed data pkts:
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
1/1
SYN/FIN pkts sent:
req sack:
Y
req sack:
sacks sent:
0
sacks sent:
urgent data pkts:
0 pkts
urgent data pkts:
urgent data bytes:
0 bytes
urgent data bytes:
mss requested:
1460 bytes
mss requested:
max segm size:
1460 bytes
max segm size:
min segm size:
24 bytes
min segm size:
avg segm size:
1365 bytes
avg segm size:
max win adv:
17520 bytes
max win adv:
min win adv:
16384 bytes
min win adv:
zero win adv:
0 times
zero win adv:
avg win adv:
17519 bytes
avg win adv:
initial window:
1484 bytes
initial window:
initial window:
2 pkts
initial window:
ttl stream length:
7921688 bytes
ttl stream length:
missed data:
0 bytes
missed data:
truncated data:
7678022 bytes
truncated data:
truncated packets:
5801 pkts
truncated packets:
data xmit time:
150.120 secs
data xmit time:
idletime max:
248.7 ms
idletime max:
throughput:
52675 Bps
throughput:
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

2905
18.1
638.9
309.8
80.2

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

ms
ms
ms
ms

83

samples:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

2906
2906
2904
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/1
Y
0
0
0
1460
0
0
0
17520
17520
0
17520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
150.0
0
2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0

pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
times
bytes
bytes
pkts
bytes
bytes
bytes
pkts
secs
ms
Bps
ms
ms
ms
ms

 802.11 Bluetooth

RTT from 3WHS:

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

18.1 ms
1992
64.0
638.9
313.7
83.8
0
2899
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

RTT from 3WHS:

0.1 ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT
RTT

1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

ms
ms
ms
ms

post-loss acks:
segs cum acked:
duplicate acks:
triple dupacks:
max # retrans:
min retr time:
max retr time:
avg retr time:
sdv retr time:

0
0
1
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

ms
ms
ms
ms

full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz
full_sz

smpls:
min:
max:
avg:
stdev:

10-21: Tcptrace co-existence

84

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.3

UDP

40
35

Jitter (msec)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

30

60

90

120

150

120

150

Time (sec)

P2P delay (msec)

10-35: 8 , Jitter

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

30

60

90
Time (sec)

10-36: 8 , Packet to Packet Delay

average Jitter (ms)

min Jitter (ms)
max Jitter (ms)
average P2P delay (ms)

0-30 sec

30-60 sec

60-90 sec

90-120 sec

120-150 sec

14.02

17.91

21.28

14.23

13.17

1.57

10.89

11.13

8.87

6.78

19.60
14.21

28.33
17.96

35.68
21.19

30.19
14.11

18.44
13.23

min P2P delay (ms)

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

max P2P delay (ms)

78.00

84.97

101.99

123.10

55.99

10-22: 8 , UDP

85

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.8.4

tcptrace

total packets: The total number of packets seen.

ack pkts sent: The total number of ack packets seen
(TCP segments seen with the ACK bit set).
pure acks sent: The total number of ack packets seen
that were not piggy-backed with data (just the TCP
header and no TCP data payload) and did not have any
of the SYN/FIN/RST flags set.
sack pkts sent: The total number of ack packets seen
carrying TCP SACK [4] blocks.
dsack pkts sent: The total number of sack packets
seen that carried duplicate SACK (D-SACK) [6]
blocks.
max sack blks/ack: The maximum number of sack blocks
seen in any sack packet.
unique bytes sent: The number of unique bytes sent,
i.e., the total bytes of data sent excluding
retransmitted bytes and any bytes sent doing window
probing.
actual data pkts: The count of all the packets with
at least a byte of TCP data payload.
actual data bytes: The total bytes of data seen.
Note that this includes bytes from retransmissions /
window probe packets if any.
rexmt data pkts: The count of all the packets found
to be retransmissions.
rexmt data bytes: The total bytes of data found in
the retransmitted packets.
zwnd probe pkts: The count of all the window probe
packets seen. (Window probe packets are typically
sent by a sender when the receiver last advertised a
zero receive window, to see if the window has opened
up now).
zwnd probe bytes: The total bytes of data sent in
the window probe packets.
outoforder pkts: The count of all the packets that
were seen to arrive out of order.
pushed data pkts: The count of all the packets seen
with the PUSH bit set in the TCP header.
SYN/FIN pkts sent: The count of all the packets seen
with the SYN/FIN bits set in the TCP header
respectively.
req 1323 ws/ts: If the endpoint requested Window
Scaling/Time Stamp options as specified in RFC
1323[9] a `Y' is printed on the respective field. If
the option was not requested, an `N' is printed. For
example, an ``N/Y'' in this field means that the
window-scaling option was not specified, while the
Time-stamp option was specified in the SYN segment.
86

 802.11 Bluetooth

adv wind scale: The window scaling factor used.

Again, this field is valid only if the connection
was captured fully to include the SYN packets. Since
the connection would use window scaling if and only
if both sides requested window scaling [9], this
field is reset to 0 (even if a window scale was
requested in the SYN packet for this direction), if
the SYN packet in the reverse direction did not
carry the window scale option.
req sack: If the end-point sent a SACK permitted
option in the SYN packet opening the connection, a
`Y' is printed; otherwise `N' is printed.
sacks sent: The total number of ACK packets seen
carrying SACK information.
urgent data pkts: The total number of packets with
the URG bit turned on in the TCP header.
urgent data bytes: The total bytes of urgent data
sent. This field is calculated by summing the urgent
pointer offset values found in packets having the
URG bit set in the TCP header.
mss requested: The Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
requested as a TCP option in the SYN packet opening
the connection.
max segm size: The maximum segment size observed
during the lifetime of the connection.
min segm size: The minimum segment size observed
during the lifetime of the connection.
avg segm size: The average segment size observed
during the lifetime of the connection calculated as
the value reported in the actual data bytes field
divided by the actual data pkts reported.
max win adv: The maximum window advertisement seen.
If the connection is using window scaling (both
sides negotiated window scaling during the opening
of the connection), this is the maximum windowscaled advertisement seen in the connection. For a
connection using window scaling, both the SYN
segments opening the connection have to be captured
in the dumpfile for this and the following window
statistics to be accurate.
min win adv: The minimum window advertisement seen.
This is the minimum window-scaled advertisement seen
if both sides negotiated window scaling.
zero win adv: The number of times a zero receive
window was advertised.
avg win adv: The average window advertisement seen,
calculated as the sum of all window advertisements
divided by the total number of packets seen. If the
connection endpoints negotiated window scaling, this
average is calculated as the sum of all window-

87

 802.11 Bluetooth

scaled advertisements divided by the number of

window-scaled packets seen. Note that in the windowscaled case, the window advertisements in the SYN
packets
are
excluded
since
the
SYN
packets
themselves cannot have their window advertisements
scaled, as per RFC 1323.
initial window: The total number of bytes sent in
the initial window i.e., the number of bytes seen in
the initial flight of data before receiving the
first ack packet from the other endpoint. Note that
the ack packet from the other endpoint is the first
ack acknowledging some data (the ACKs part of the 3way handshake do not count), and any retransmitted
packets in this stage are excluded.
initial window: The total number of segments
(packets) sent in the initial window as explained
above.
ttl stream length: The Theoretical Stream Length.
This is calculated as the difference between the
sequence numbers of the SYN and FIN packets, giving
the length of the data stream seen. Note that this
calculation is aware of sequence space wrap-arounds,
and is printed only if the connection was complete
(both the SYN and FIN packets were seen).
missed data: The missed data, calculated as the
difference between the ttl stream length and unique
bytes sent. If the connection was not complete, this
calculation is invalid and an ``NA'' (Not Available)
is printed.
truncated data: The truncated data, calculated as
the total bytes of data truncated during packet
capture. For example, with tcpdump, the snaplen
option can be set to 64 (with -s option) so that
just the headers of the packet (assuming there are
no options) are captured, truncating most of the
packet data. In an Ethernet with maximum segment
size of 1500 bytes, this would amount to truncated
data of 1500 - 64 = 1436 bytes for a packet.
truncated packets: The total number of packets
truncated as explained above.
data xmit time: Total data transmit time, calculated
as the difference between the times of capture of
the first and last packets carrying non-zero TCP
data payload.
idletime max: Maximum idle time, calculated as the
maximum time between consecutive packets seen in the
direction.
throughput: The average throughput calculated as the
unique bytes sent divided by the elapsed time.

88

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.9.

,
ISM .
.
,

.

,

,
.

10.9.1
() - 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth coexistence

Bluetooth 802.11. To

10-37.

10-37: ()
-

To 802.11 Infrastructure
mode 6 (2.437GHz).
.
802.11 . To
ISM 10-38. 10

Bluetooth.

(time=10+2
sec)

89

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-39.
hopping pattern Bluetooth
6 802.11.
Bluetooth
adaptive
frequency hopping.

10-38: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=0

90

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-39: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=12 sec

18 sec (time=12+18=30sec)
802.11

2 sec (time=30+2=32sec
10-40.
Bluetooth

802.11 . 28
,
10-41.

91

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-40: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=32 sec

10-41: 802.11@ch6 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=60 sec

92

 802.11 Bluetooth

10.9.2
() - 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth coexistence

802.11 channel

802.11
1.
10-42 .

.

10-42: ()
-

93

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-43: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=0

sec

10-44: ISM ,

802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=12

sec

94

 802.11 Bluetooth

10-45: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=32

10-46: ISM , 802.11@ch1 & Bluetooth Co-existence time=60

sec

95

 802.11 Bluetooth

11.

802.11 Bluetooth,
,

. ,
,
, ,


.
,
,
.

.

11.1.

11.1.1

throughput
( TCP ),
30 secs
. 2 Mbit/s
18 Mbit/s 7,12
Mbit/s. , RTT Delay

21,47 ms,

.
30 secs ,
channel 6 ,
. throughput
16,49 Mbit/s,
30 secs,
. RTT Delay
,
5,07 ms,
30 secs. ,
, TCP ,
3

,
,

,
,
.
UDP ,
,
.

96

 802.11 Bluetooth

11.1.2

1 3,
UDP

. 6 -
throughput
RTT Delay TCP , Jitter
Packet to Packet Delay UDP .
30 secs throughput
13,87 Mbit/s,
30 secs, 16,12 Mbit/s,
channel 6 . RTT
Delay 6,43 ms
5,35,
. ,

-
MHz,

.
UDP
. Jitter P2P Delay
,
UDP
.

11.1.3

3
, 6
11.
.
MHz , -
. TCP throughput
RTT Delay
. 30 secs throughput 15,92
Mbit/s RTT Delay 5,51 ms
30 secs 17,05 Mbit/s 4,88 ms,

-
.
UDP , ,
,
Jitter P2P Delay
.

11.1.4

4

.

97

 802.11 Bluetooth

. throughput
TCP 1 16,98 Mbit/s
RTT Delay 4,92.
, 1 ,
, throughput
2,3 1 2 ,
.
throughput
, . RTT Delay .
UDP , Jitter
1,258 ms P2P Delay 1,265 ms.

11.1.5

5
, 802.11
Bluetooth. 30
802.11 , throughput
RTT Delay 4
. 30 Bluetooth
.
throughput 10,83 Mbit/s

Bluetooth, 36,8%
throughput. , RTT Delay
. 30 secs
throughput RTT Delay
.
,
,
,

.

11.1.6

7 ,
Bluetooth,
802.11 (channel 1). 30
, throughput RTT
Delay, 520,12 Mbit/s 279,86 ms .
802.11 (ch1),
throughput 37,9% RTT Delay
54,1%. .

throughput RTT Delay 60-90 secs,
802.11
Bluetooth .
,

98

 802.11 Bluetooth

. throughput 13,9%,
,
RTT Delay 10%.
Bluetooth
802.11,
802.11,
,
.

11.1.7

7 Bluetooth
.
4 .

TCP

throughput 521,56 kb/s, RTT

Delay 269,31 ms.
UDP Jitter
1,258 ms P2P Delay 14,935 ms.

Bluetooth.

11.1.8

8 . 30 secs
,
Bluetooth
, throughput RTT Delay
.
30 sec (channel 1),
throughput
RTT Delay.
throughput 32% ( 515,93 346,72)
RTT Delay
38% ( 278,89 384,85).
60 sec
Bluetooth
3 802.11
11. throughput,
41% 12,6%
30
Bluetooth 1 802.11. RTT
Delay 59%
15,9% 30
Bluetooth 1
802.11.
90 sec 1 (channel 1)
30 secs
Bluetooth 802.11 (channel 11).

99

 802.11 Bluetooth

throughput

30

, RTT Delay,
(channel 11),
150 secs .
11
Bluetooth ,
3 ,
1.

UDP
,

Jitter P2P
Delay. 30-60 secs
60-90 secs, Jitter 27,7%
51,8% ,
0-30 secs.
. , 30 secs
,
,
Bluetooth.
P2P Delay.

100

 802.11 Bluetooth

12.
12.1.
Dynamic Channel Selection for Wi-Fi
Networks ( WiFi )

2.4 ISM ,
.
Wi-Fi ,
.
Wi-Fi
.
access point Wi-Fi
,
.

.

Packet Error Rate ( ).

Wi-Fi

. PER

Channel Noise ( ).
Wi-Fi
.
.
Channel Multipath and Intersymbol Interface (
).
Wi-Fi

.

.
(

Received
Signal
Strength
). Wi-Fi
,

.

101

 802.11 Bluetooth

12.2.
Adaptive
Fragmentation
for
Wi-Fi
Networks (
Wi-Fi )
Wi-Fi

. ,
throughput ,
Overhead . ,

throughput.
,
Wi-Fi .

overhead

headers .

.
overhead
.
10

12.3.
Bluetooth Coexistence Enhancements
( )
Bluetooth


throughput. (flow control)

.

12.4.
Intelligent Frequency Hopping (
)

.
(),


, .

102

 802.11 Bluetooth

Bluetooth,
/, (transmitter)
.
(Hops)
, Bluetooth

.
.
6 Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth

2.429-2.445
GHz,

transmission errors ( )
Bluetooth Wi-Fi. ,
FCC
Bluetooth 75 ,

Bluetooth . FCC
Texas Instruments
Bluetooth
, 15 MHz.
intelligent hopping
Bluetooth

ISM 2.4 GHz,
,

throughput .

()
. ACK
Bluetooth, throughput



ACK.
,
Wi-Fi
,
Wi-Fi Bluetooth.

12.5.
Transmit Power Control (
)
ISM
2.4 GHz,
.

103

 802.11 Bluetooth

.
.
2.4 GHz
4 dBm,
20 dBm.
,

.

,
.
Bluetooth Wi-Fi

. ,
,

.

12.6.
Wi-Fi &
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi o Bluetooth

.


slots ,
.
/
.

throughput .
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi .
(
)

throughput (
throughput ).
/
Wi-Fi Bluetooth.

hardware Bluetooth Wi-Fi. ,


throughput .

104

 802.11 Bluetooth

13.
A
ACK
AP
D
dBm
DCS
DSSS
E
EDFC
F
FCC
FHSS
H
HCF
I
IAPP
IEEE
IP
ISM
M
MAC
Mbit/s
Mbps
Ms
O
OFDM
OSI
P
P2P
PDA
PHY
R
RF
RTT
S
Secs
T
TCP
TPC
TDM
TTL
U
UDP
W
Wi-Fi
WLAN
WPAN

Acknowledgment
Access Point
DeciBels below 1 Milliwatt
Dynamic Channel Selection
Direct sequence spread spectrum
Enhanced DCF
Federal Communications Commission
Frequency hopping spread spectrum
Hybrid Coordination Function
Inter Access Point Protocol
Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
Internet Protocol
Industrial Scientific & Medical
Medium Access Control
Megabit per second
Megabits per second
Millisecond
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Open System Interconnection
Packet to Packet
Personal digital assistance
Physical Layer
Radio Frequency
Round Trip Time
Seconds
Transmission Control Protocol
Transmit Power Control
Time Division Multiplexing
Time to live
User Datagram Protocol
Wireless Fidelity
Wireless local area network
Wireless personal area network

105

 802.11 Bluetooth

14.
[1].
[2].
[3].
[4].
[5].
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[9].

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