Chapter 1 Solutions LLL. (a) B= fy(uPde+ fe (-1j*de = 3 () B= PCa Pays (©) B= Rede + f3(-2)2dr = 12 (@) B= feat + f(-1)%ae = 3 Comments: Changing the sign of a signal does not change its energy. Doubling a signal quadruples its energy. Shifting a signal does not change its energy. Multiplying ‘signal by a constant K increases ils energy by a factor K? © oy 1g 2) Ba, = f (ora Fe =} Ea= [oomae fea -3, 4 21)eat = y 3 B= fayan2, Pays ['orans, "Therefore Bey = Ee + By, (by a1 (cae [cont t0=7 B> [Wana aayn [eonsvrpare [aoteyase [" annie [" Pa es0eae = In both cases (a) and (b), Bs4y = Ez + By. Similarly we can show that for both cases Ex-y = Ex + By(0) As seen in part (a), Furthermore, Thus, Exay= f(oinesny at wntoates [" sntate [Pars ef2s20 4084 Aasiceats E, af ; om y= [entvfdtwapr tere Bat In this case, Brey # Bry # Be + Ey. Hence, we cannot generalize the conchu- sions observed in parts (a} and (b) Eee = 64/7 (8 at = 64/7 {b) Pox = 1 f?,(208)Pdt = 4(64/7) = 256/7 (0) Pex = 3 Pletal = 64/7 Comments: Changing the sign of a signal does not affect its power. Multiplying a signal by a constant e increases the power by a factor ¢?, aL (a) Power of «sinusoid of amplitude C is C*/2 (Bq, (1.4a)] regardless ofits frequency (w #0) and phase. Therefore, in this case P = 5? + (10)*/2 = 7. {b) Power of sum of sinusoids is equal to the sum of the powers of the simusoids (Bq. (1-4b)}. Therefore, inthis ease P= DE 4 08 175 (6) (20+ 2 sin 31) cos 101 = 100s 104 + sin 194 ~ sin 31. Hence from Eq. (1.4b) PaO yd 4 deol (4) 10.08 St08 101 = 5(cos St-e08 154, Hence fom Bag (1th) P= SE 4 05 (6) 10sin 5Stcos 108 = 5(sin 15¢~sin 5t. Hence from Eq, (1.4b) P = SP 4B" = 25, (1) e2*cosuot = § [erle*0# + ell@-+9)4]. Using the result in Prob. 11-5, we obtain P= (1/4) + (1/4) = 1/2 ad 72 (2a)? 116. First, a(t) = 0 Next, Pe = AP? AQ? ae = xt+T) oP py - atelh? — awa _ at g Sf (PP Ade a el” 2 AE Since power is frite, energy must be infinite. Thus, , # aE. F and By = 00,1a. 118, @ ) () i. By definition, B(P=x() = © (Pax(Oy de T? Jog TH(Hdt = TPE [a(t wo T2(Oat = ElPa:(t)] = 77 fer(6)} (as(t—T))? dt. Substituting t! = ¢—T Elea(t)) ii, By definition, B [ri(t —T)] = f°. = dt yields f°, 22(t/)di? Blatt —T)] = Eler(0)) iii, By definition, Elai(t)tz.(0} = J2_.(a(+a2(t)Pdt = Seog (23(t) + 221(t)xa(t) + 23(t)) dt. However, x(t) and 22(t) are homoverlapping so their product 1(#)ra(t) must be zero. Thus, Eln()+nO) = fro CO+HO) ae = Jew lta = E [ai (O] + Elea(0)- 1 (ex(t) £0) > (zal) = 0) and (2a(e) 40) = (2a(6) =0), Then, Bl2a(t) +a2(0)| = Eler(t)]+ Elva) iv. By definition, E[x(Tt)] = f°. x3(Te)at. First, consider the case 7 >' 6 Substituting e! = Ele (TO) = fo tHe) = hfe tHe Next, consider the case T <0. Substituting t! = Tt and dt’ = Te yields BlailTt)) = fo a3) = tI aed’ = ZEYO, For T <0, we know IT]. Making this substitution yiekds Ffex(T)] = Zig (2, Since energy is the same whether T <0 or T > 0, we know B Ft) (o) iv) ‘To begin, notice that signal y(¢) = t(u(t) —u(¢—1)) has energy equal to E [y(t)] = fi Pde = 1/3 To determine B{x(t)}, consider dividing 2(0) into three non-overlapping pieces a first piece x(t) from (—2 yaw elenmend dy ‘The integrals of the cross-product terms (when k # r) are finite because the 25