Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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- Phn tch ti chnh: l qu trnh thu thp v x l cc thng tin k ton v cc thng tin khc trong qun l doanh nghip nhm nh gi tnh hnh ti chnh, xu hng v tim nng ti chnh ca doanh nghip, gip ngi s dng thng tin a ra cc quyt nh ti chnh, quyt nh qun l ph hp.
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I- Tng quan v phn tch tnh hnh ti chnh dn 5- Ngun ti liu phn tch
- Cc bo co ti chnh c bn - Bng cn i k ton: L bo co ti chnh phn nh tng qut kt cu ti sn v ngun vn ca doanh nghip ti mt th im nht nh. - Bo co kt qu kinh doanh: l bo co ti chnh tng hp, phn nh tng qut tnh hnh v kt qu kinh doanh ca doanh nghip trong mt thi k - Bo co chi tit v tnh hnh bin ng ti sn, ngun vn - Cc ch , qui nh ca nh nc v lp, kim tra cc bo co ti chnh
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Bng cn i k ton
ngun vn
Ti sn c nh
Hu
hnh V hnh
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CHNG 5
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Kt cu ti sn v ngun vn
Cng ty A
Cng ty B
Cng ty C
TSNH TSDH
N ngn hn
Vn ch s hu + n di hn
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Bng cn i k ton Ti sn
2007
2008 68965 35 0 23690 44850 390 23640 22950 80 590 20 92605 92605 81435 11170 72310
2009 82850 370 20 36710 43130 2620 30030 25480 80 4440 30 112880 112880 99840 13040 22 83130
TSNH 47830 Tin mt 700 u t ngn hn 200 Khon phi thu 14110 Hng tn kho 32590 Ti sn ngn hn khc 230 TSDH 9580 Ti sn c nh 9010 Cc khon u t ti chnh di hn 80 Chi ph xy dng c bn d dang 470 Cc khon k cc k qu di hn 20 Tng ti sn 57410 Ngun vn 57410 N phi tr 49090 Vn ch s hu 8320 http://ketoanhaiduong.com Ngun vn tm thi 43570
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T trng u t ti chnh
T trng u = t ti chnh Gi tr u t ti chnh Tng ti sn
X 100%
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X 100%
Tng ti sn
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X 100%
Tng ti sn
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N phi tr
T sut n =
Tng ti sn
x 100%
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T sut NVTX =
Tng ngun vn
X 100%
Hoc
Ngun vn tm thi
T sut NVTT =
Tng ngun vn
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X 100%
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2008 81435 11170 72310 20295 92605 87.94 12.06 21.92 78.08 55.04
2009 99840 13040 83130 29750 112880 88.45 11.55 26.36 73.64 43.83
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49090 8320 43570 13840 57410 85.51 14.49 24.11 75.89 60.12
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TSNH
&
Ngun vn tm thi
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NVTX =1 TSDH
Vn L rng = NVTX TSDH =0
TSNH
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TSNH NVTT
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Nhu cu VL rng
Hng tn kho
N phi thu
N ngn hn
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CHNG 5
Kim tra v phn tch ti chnh DN
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Hiu qu s dng ti sn
Ti sn bnh qun
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Nguyn gi bq TSC
VL bnh qun
=
VL bnh qun
X 360
Trong cng tc qun l ti sn ngn hn cn ch n vic qun l cng n phi thu cung nh hng tn kho ca doanh nghip
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V d:
Ch tiu 2007 61,550 61,730 2008 92,248 92,518 21,300 58,398 75,008 4.331 1.580
227.90 1.23
2009
1. Doanh thu thun SXKD 2.DTT v t nhp ca hot ng khc 3. Nguyn gi TSC bq
4. Vn lu ng bq
5.Tng ti sn bq 6.Hiu sut s dng TSC (ln) 7.S vng quay vn lu ng (vng) 8. S ngy mt vng quay VL 9.Hiu sut s dng ti sn (ln)
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H.Pthu =
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Nn =
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Qun l tn kho
S vng quay ca hng tn kho (HT)
HT =
T sut li nhun trn doanh thu (TSL) Li nhun trc thu (sau thu) TSL =
X 100%
X 100
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loi tr nh hng ca chnh sch khu hao i vi kh nng sinh li, th ch tiu t sut li nhun trn doanh thu thun hot ng kinh doanh c x l nh sau: Li nhun thun KD + Chi ph KHTSC
=
X 100
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Khi nh hng bi chnh sch ti tr, kh nng sinh li c xc nh nh sau: T sut li Li nhun thun kinh doanh + nhun hot ng Chi ph li vay X 100 = kinh doanh loi tr cu trc ti Doanh thu thun bn hng + doanh thu hot ng ti chnh chnh
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X 100%
T sut Li nhun trc thu + chi ph li vay sinh li = Tng ti sn bnh qun kinh t
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X 100%
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V d:
Ch tiu 2007 61,550 61,730 3,230 1,490 4,720 115.00 2008 92,248 92,518 4,718 3,840 8,558 185.00 2009
1. Doanh thu thun SXKD 2.DTT v t nhp ca hot ng khc 3. Li nhun thun SXKD
4.Chi ph khu hao TSC
5.LN thun SXKD trc khu hao 6.LN trc thu 7.Chi ph li vay 8. LN trc thu v li vay 9.Tng TSbq
3120.00 4540.00
3235.00 4725.00 75008.00
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Vn ch s hu bnh qun
X 100%
Tip cn theo phng trnh Du-Pont T sut sinh li VCSH LN Doanh Ti trc thu sn thu thun x x x (1-T) Doanh Ti VCSH thu sn thun http://ketoanhaiduong.com
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Qua cch tip cn trn ta thy c 4 nhn t nh hng n kh nng s inh li ca vn ch s hu - Hiu sut s dng ti sn - Kh nng sinh li t doanh thu - Cu trc ngun vn - Thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip
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V d:
C 2 doanh nghip c quy m ging nhau, c cng t sut sinh li kinh t ca ti sn (hiu qu kinh doanh) theo trng hp 1 l 15% v trng hp 2 l 7%. Doanh nghip A khng s dng vn vay, v doanh nghip B s dng 50% vn vay kinh doanh. Ta xem xt mc nh hng ca n by ti chnh trong c 2 trng hp. Bit rng li sut vay ging nhau cho cc khon n phi tr l 10%/nm. Thu sut thu thu nhp l 25%
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5.Chi ph li vay 6.Li nhun trc thu 7.Li nhun sau thu 8.ROE
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1500.00 1000.00
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5.Chi ph li vay 6.Li nhun trc thu 7.Li nhun sau thu 8.ROE
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