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KHOA V TUYN- IN T ************************

TI: Thit k h thng iu khin n tn hiu ti ng t Nguyn Phong Sc Hong Quc Vit, vi b vi x l s dng onchip 89c51. Gio vin hng dn: Trn Th hng Thm Sinh vin thc hin: Nhm 4 Lp : DTVT 15A

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Nghnh k thut in t hin nay ang pht trin mnh m , k thut Vi iu Khin tr ln quen thuc trong cc nghnh k thut v trong dn dng . Trong thc t cc b Vi iu Khin cc b Vi iu Khin c ng dng vo mi lnh vc ca i sng t cc thit b nh nh in thoi di ng , my nhn tin, tr chi in t , cc thit b gia dng nh ( my git, iu ho , t lnh) n nhng thit b c quy m ln nh cc b iu khin t ng trong cc nh my , xi nghip, h thng thng tin lin lc Vi iu khin gp phn a con ngi n nh cao ca nhn loi. Trong phm vi bi tp ln ln ny, chng em dng vi iu khin thit k H THNG N TN HIU TI 1 NG T. y ch l mt trong nhng ng dng rt nh ca vi iu khin nhng qua qu trnh thit k ti chng em rt ra c rt nhiu kinh nghim thc tin qu bu. Mc ch ca ti hng n: to ra bc u cho sinh vin th nghim nhng ng dng ca vi iu khin trong thc tin ri t tm ti, pht trin nhiu ng dng khc trong i sng hng ngy cn n. Mc d c gng ht sc mnh hon thnh xong n mn hc nhng cng khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Do vy, chng em rt mong c s gp qu bu ca thy c v cc bn ti c th hon thin hn. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n

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PHN A:

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S Lc 8051

8051 ra i nm 1981 do hng Intel sn xut. H iu khin ny c 128 byte RAM,4kbyte ROM,hai b nh thi ,mt cng ni tip v 4 cng ra\vo song song v l 1 b vi x l 8 bit.Sau khi Intel cho cc nh sn xut khc sn xut v bn cc dng bin th ca 8051 th h 8051cng ngy cng ph bin v ngy cng c nhiu phin bn khc nhau ca 8051 nhng tt c u tng thch vi 8051 ban u. Sau y l bng so snh cc h khc nhau:

S hiu sn xut

B nh chng trnh

B nh d liu

S b nh thi (b m)

8031 8051 8571 8951 8032 8052 8752 8952

0K 4K ROM 4K EPROM 4K FLASH 0K 8K ROM 8K EPROM 8K FLASH

128 BYTE 128 BYTE 128 BYTE 128 BYTE 256 BYTE 256 BYTE 256 BYTE 256 BYTE

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

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I. Chc nng cc chn ca h 8051

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1. Port 0 (P0.0 _ P0.7) Port 0 gm 8 chn .Vi chc nng xut nhp d liu ,ngoi ra Port 0 cn l bus a hp d lin v a ch(AD0_AD7).Port 0 cng nhn cc byte m khi lp trnh Flas v xut cc byte m khi kim tra chng trnh .Ch y trong trng hp ny cn c thm in tr trc khi ni vo chn Port 0. 2. Port 1 (P1.0_P1.7) Cng nh Port 0 ,Port 1 cng c 8 chn. Chc nng ca Port 1 ch l xut nhp d liu .Port 1 cng c th xut nhp theo bit v theo byte. 3. Port 2 Port 2 l port 8 bit ,cng c chc nng xut nhp d liu nh 2 port trn.Khi lm nhim v l port nhp, cc chn ca port 2 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc ng ca bn ngoi s cp dng do cc in tr ko ln t bn trong .Port 2 to ra byte cao ca bus i ch trong thi gian tm np lnh t b nh chng trnh ngoi v trong thi gian truy xut b nh d liu ngoi s dng cc a ch 16 bit.Port 2 cng nhn cc bit a ch cao v tn hiu iu khin trng thi gian lp trnh Flash v kim tra chng trnh. 4. Port 3 Cng l port xut nhp d liu 8 bit ,ngoi ra port 3 cn c cc chc nng khc c th nh sau: Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD TXD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 /WR /RD Chc nng D liu nhn cho Port ni tip D liu truyn cho Port ni tip Ngt bn ngoi 0 Ngt bn ngoi 1 Ng vo ca timer/counter0 Ng vo ca timer/counter1 Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi Xung c b nh d liu ngoi

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5. RST Khi tn hiu vo chn ny c a ln mc cao ( trong t 2 chu k),cc thanh ghi trong b vi iu khin c ti ln nhng gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. 6. Chn /PSEN PSEN(program store enable) l chn c chng trnh b nh ngoi ./PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian c m lnh.Khi thc hin chng trnh trong ROM ni th /PSEN mc cao Chn ny c kch hot 2 ln mi chu k my v hai hot ng ny s c b qua khi truy cp b nh ngoi . 7. Chn ALE ALE(address latch enable) l mt xung ng ra cht byte thp ca a ch trong khi truy cp b nh ngoi .y cng l chn truy cp xung lp trnh khyi lp trnh Flash.Bnh thng khi hot ng chn ALE s c pht vi mt t l khng i 1/6 tn s dao ng ca vi iu khin .Tuy nhin chn ny cng s b qua mi khi truy cp b nh ngoi . 8. Chn EA EA(external access) l chn cho php chn b nh trong hay b nh ngoi ca vi iu khin .Khi EA mc tch cc cao(ni vi VCC) th vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh ROM ni,ngc li(ni vi GND) th vi iu khin thi hnh b nh ngoi. 9. XTAL1 v XTAL2 y l 2 ng vo v ra ca 1 b khuych i dao ng nghch c cu hnh dng nh mt b dao ng trn chip.N thng c ni vi b dao ng thch anh c di tn thng l 12MHz-33MHz. 10. Vcc v GND y l 2 chn dng cp ngun cho IC, di in p thch hp l 4-5V.Vi Vcc ni vi dng ngun ,GND ni vi m ngun.

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Hnh 1. S chn ca 8051

Hnh 2. S khi iu khin ca 8051

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PHN B: Phn Tch Bi Ton Thit K

v Thit K S Phn Cng

1. Phn tch bi ton iu khin 2 ct n mt ng t Mc ch phn lung giao thng, iu khin n sng 24 s, n xanh 20s, n vng 4s. Cc n vng, xanh, trn 2 ct n sng xen k nhau. m bo sao cho thi gian n ct ny bng thi gian n vng cng n xanh v ngc li iu th hin qua gin sau:
Ct 1 Dx1 Dv1 20s 4s 20s 4s

Dd2 Ct 2 Dd1

24s

24s

24s

24s

Dx2

20s

20s

Dv2

4s

4s

Hnh 3: Gin thi gian cc ch hot ng

2. Thit k phn cng - Thnh phn linh kin bao gm: 4 ct n giao thng gm 3 n xanh, , vng. 4 cp led i 7 thanh loi cathode, 1 con chip 89c51, 8 cng logic not, 1 switch, v cc tr va t. IN T VIN THNG 15A Page 7

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- Khi hin th

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IC 89C51

LED 7 THANH

- Khi iu khin n

IC 89C51
- S nguyn l

LED N

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Phn C: Lu Thut Ton V M Phn Mm

1. Lu thut ton

Begin

Thi gian D1=24s Thi gian X2= 20s

Thi gian D2=24s Thi gian X1= 20s

Bt n 1 v n xanh 2

Bt n 2 v n xanh 1

Chy chng trnh led 7 on, m li thi gian

Chy chng trnh led 7 on, m li thi gian

Thi gian V2= 4s

Thi gian V1= 4s

Bt n 1 v n vng 2

Bt n 2 v n vng 1

Chy chng trnh led 7 on, m li thi gian

Chy chng trnh led 7 on, m li thi gian

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2. Chng trnh

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/****************DEN GIAO THONG 1 NGA TU**********************/ /******************** NHOM 4 DTVT 15A*************************/ /*========================================================*/ #include<AT89X51.h> unsigned char thoi_gian0,thoi_gian1,thoi_gian2,thoi_gian3; unsigned int over=0; unsigned char ma[10]={192,249,164,176,153,146,130,248,128,144}; void delay(unsigned char time) { unsigned char x,y; for(x=0;x<time;x++) { for(y=0;y<125;y++); } void time0() interrupt 1 { over++; if(over==4950) { over=0; thoi_gian0--; thoi_gian1--; thoi_gian2--; thoi_gian3--; } IN T VIN THNG 15A Page 10

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} void h_thi0() { unsigned char k,chuc,donvi; for(k=0;k<2;k++) { donvi=thoi_gian0%10; chuc=thoi_gian0/10; } P2=ma[donvi]; P0=0xfe; delay(1); P0=0xff; delay(1); P0=0xfb; delay(1); P0=0xff; delay(1); P2=ma[chuc]; P0=0xfd; delay(1); P0=0xff; delay(1); P0=0xf7; delay(1); P0=0xff; delay(1); } void h_thi1() { unsigned char k,chuc,donvi; for(k=0;k<2;k++) IN T VIN THNG 15A

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{ donvi=thoi_gian1%10; chuc=thoi_gian1/10; } P2=ma[donvi]; P0_4=0; delay(1); P0_4=1; delay(1); P0_6=0; delay(1); P0_6=1; delay(1); P2=ma[chuc]; P0_5=0; delay(1); P0_5=1; delay(1); P0_7=0; delay(1); P0_7=1; delay(1); } void h_thi2() { unsigned char k,chuc,donvi; for(k=0;k<2;k++) { donvi=thoi_gian2%10; chuc=thoi_gian2/10; } P2=ma[donvi]; IN T VIN THNG 15A

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P0_4=0; delay(1); P0_4=1; delay(1); P0_6=0; delay(1); P0_6=1; delay(1); P2=ma[chuc]; P0_5=0; delay(1); P0_5=1; delay(1); P0_7=0; delay(1); P0_7=1; delay(1); } void h_thi3() { unsigned char k,chuc,donvi; for(k=0;k<2;k++) { donvi=thoi_gian3%10; chuc=thoi_gian3/10; } P2=ma[donvi]; P0_0=0; delay(1); P0_0=1; delay(1); P0_2=0; delay(1); P0_2=1; delay(1); P2=ma[chuc]; IN T VIN THNG 15A

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P0_1=0; delay(1); P0_1=1; delay(1); P0_3=0; delay(1); P0_3=1; delay(1); } void main() { P0=255; P2=255; TMOD=2; TH0=54; TR0=1; ET0=1; EA=1; while(1) { thoi_gian0=20; thoi_gian1=24; do { P1=0x21; h_thi0(); h_thi1(); } while(thoi_gian0!=0); IN T VIN THNG 15A

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thoi_gian0=5; thoi_gian1=5; do P1=0x11; h_thi0(); h_thi1(); }

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while(thoi_gian0!=0); thoi_gian2=20; thoi_gian3=24; do { P1=0x0c; h_thi2(); h_thi3(); } while(thoi_gian2!=0); thoi_gian2=5; thoi_gian3=5; do { P1=0x0a; h_thi2(); h_thi3(); } while(thoi_gian2!=0); } } IN T VIN THNG 15A Page 15

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PHN D: HNG M RNG TI Trn c s xy dng n giao thng 1 ng t, chng ta c th m rng m hnh iu khin sang nhiu hng khc . cng ch l vic lin kt cc ct n tn hiu. tn hiu cho php i ca ln ng ny (n xanh) cng lc co tn hiu dng li (n ) ca cc ln ng khc khng cng chiu cng hng. Ngoi ra chng ta c th thit k thm n dnh cho ngi i b, ln ng u tin. Cng vi cc b cm bin quang v ic thi gian thc, chng ta s t ng thay i thi gian ban ngy v ban m ( ban m th gim thi gim xung, ban ngy tng thi gian lc cao im trnh gy tc nghn).

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