Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2011
1.
2.
................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
................................................................................................................. 3
1.2
................................................................................................................. 4
............................................................................................................................... 6
2.1
2.1.1
........................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2
....................................................................................................... 7
2.2
3.
................................................................................................10
2.2.1
.........................................10
2.2.2
..........................................11
2.2.3
....................................................................................................................17
..................................................................................................................................................18
3.1
...................................................................................................18
3.1.1
.....................................................................................................................................18
3.1.2
- .....................................................18
3.1.3
.....................................................................19
3.1.4
..........................................................................21
3.2
4.
......................................................................................................... 6
............................................................................24
3.2.1
........................................................24
3.2.2
..................................................................................................25
3.2.3
.........................................................................28
.............................................................................................................32
4.1
.............................................32
4.2
...........32
4.2.1
.............................................................................................................32
4.2.2
() ..................................................................................34
4.2.3
..........................................................35
4.3
-
35
5.
.......................................................................................................................................39
. ..
III.
V.
(:
)
V.
2009 2010 (: )
V. 1981, 1991 2001 (: )
V.
V. 892//11-07-2001: ,
98/83/
3 1998 ( 2/2600/2001) EK 630//26-04-2007:
2/2600/2001 ,
98/83/ 3
1998
IX. Langelier (Langelier Saturation Index) Dow
Water & Process Solutions: FILMTEC Reverse Osmosis Membranes - Technical
Manual
X. First desalination plant in Cyprus product water aggresivity and corrosion control
V.Siamarou-Marangou and Kyros Savvides 2001, ELSEVIER
01. 1:15.000
02. 1:15.000
1.
1.1
84/2011
13
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1981
1991
2001
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2011
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:
6
2001.
(2011),
.
2: (2011)
. .
2.1.2
('81-'91)
('91-'01)
1
2011
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1,54%
0,80%
697
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1,67%
0,80%
853
0,60%
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0,80%
1.114
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0,80%
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2
2.2
2.2.1
,
.
.
.
5:
(m3)
23/7/2007 - 23/10/2007
38.680
23/10/2007 - 20/12/2007
18.582
20/12/2007 - 31/12/2007
3.487
2007:
60.749
1/1/2008 - 20/3/2008
29.119
20/3/2008 - 20/6/08
53.609
20/6/08 - 22/9/08
96.481
22/9/08 - 20/12/08
74.117
20/12/08 - 31/12/08
3.146
2008:
256.472
1/1/09 - 20/3/09
54.625
20/3/09 - 19/6/09
99.000
19/6/09 - 20/9/09
90.146
19/6/09 - 20/9/09
105.577
20/9/2009 - 20/12/09
97.863
20/12/2009 - 31/12/09
8.569
2009:
455.780
01/01/2010 - 20/03/2010
62.482
21/03/2010 - 20/06/2010
129.284
21/06/2010 - 20/09/2010
93.383
21/06/2010 - 20/09/2010
103.087
21/09/2010 - 20/12/2010
98.701
21/12/2010 - 31/12/2010
8.750
2010:
495.687
10
(m3)
1/1/2011 - 20/03/2011
53.756
21/03/2011 - 20/06/2011
91.391
2011 ( 20/6):
145.147
()
.
(.. , ).
( ) .
6:
(m3)
(m3)
(m3)
2009
244.465
5.000
249.465
2010
292.450
5.000
297.450
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
, 2001.
2011
.
.
11
7:
. .
150
150
150
150
150
, .
,
.
8:
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
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20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
**
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
**
.
,
.
(, , )
, (, , , , ,
)
(, , )
+20%
0%
-20%
12
9:
(m3)
3.760
4.601
6.009
5.367
8.123
27.860
3.396
4.156
5.427
4.848
7.337
25.164
4.700
5.751
7.511
6.709
10.154
34.825
4.548
5.566
7.269
6.502
10.021
33.906
4.700
5.751
7.511
6.720
10.534
35.216
4.548
5.566
7.269
6.526
10.666
34.574
6.515
7.973
10.412
9.378
19.408
53.685
6.515
7.973
10.412
9.433
22.705
57.038
5.458
6.679
8.723
7.822
12.405
41.086
4.700
5.751
7.511
6.718
10.349
35.029
4.548
5.566
7.269
6.492
9.827
33.702
3.760
4.601
6.009
5.367
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27.860
57.144
69.934
91.332
81.882
139.653
439.944
2.2.2.2
,
.
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.
.
13
50% .
(<1000 )
.
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10:
. .
/
/
225
225
225
225
225
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10% .. ,
30% .. .
14
11:
(m3)
28
555
583
32
1.085
1.117
95
2.398
2.493
224
15.236
15.459
381
24.656
25.037
88
1.751
1.839
28
555
583
875
46.236
47.112
,
(
). .
.
.
15
12:
(m3)
1.945
2.380
3.108
2.776
4.202
14.410
1.945
2.380
3.108
2.776
4.202
14.410
3.889
4.760
6.216
5.552
8.403
28.821
2.2.2.3
.
( ),
.
.
13:
(m3)
27.860
25.164
34.825
34.489
36.333
37.068
83.555
96.485
42.925
35.612
16
(m3)
33.702
27.860
515.877
30%.
2.2.3
(2011)
2010 (515.877 m3 495.687 m3).
( 30%)
40%
.
,
~35% 5% 1-2%
, 0,5-1% 3-4%
.
,
,
.
17
3.
3.1
3.1.1
, ,
, , ,
,
.
.
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3.1.2
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. 22
18
,
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2007. ...-
3,5 . .
3.360 m3/.
.
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20
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5 2.2.1.
3.1.4
.
, ,
.
(,
).
,
4
21
~2.950 m3.
. :
1. 90 HDPE
,
,
2. PVC
.
25 m3 .
3. PVC 110
( ..)
4. HDPE
.
HDPE 110
. HDPE 110
.
5.
.
6.
500m3
.
PVC, 500 m
.
:
1. .
, ( )
/
2. ()
.
3. (/)
4.
,
5. PVC
22
6. ,
, 100m
,
.
, , ,
.
.
30-50% .
50-70% .
,
.
.
, , ,
1km ( )
.
.
. ,
,
.
23
3.2
3.2.1
EK 630//26-04-2007:
2/2600/2001
, 98/83/
3 1998.
,
:
14: EK 630//26-04-2007
< 20cfu/ml
A 37 C
:
20cfu/ml)
E-coli
0cfu /100 ml
0cfu /100ml
0cfu /100ml
0,2-0,5mg/l
pH
6,5 9,5
<2.500 S/cm
(P)
250mg/l CaCO3
(T)
250mg/l CaCO3
250mg/l CaCO3
250 mg/l
0,50 mg/l
50 mg/l
250 mg/l
0,2 mg/l
200 mg/l
12 mg/l
1,0 mg/l
24
1NTU
3.2.2
4:
1.
.
Fe(OH)2
. (2H+ +2e- H2 F2++2 OHFe(OH)2)
2.
. (O2+2H2O +4e- 4OH- F2++2 OH-Fe(OH)2)
, ,
,
,
.
Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+H2O+CO2
S Langelier (Saturation index)
.
Langelier (1936)5 CaCO3
. H
- (2001)6
Langelier.
Water Treatment Handbook, Degremont, 1979
Langelier, W.F., 1936The analytical control of anticorrosion water treatment. J.Amer.Water
Works Association
6 V.Siamarou-Marangou and Kyros Savvides 2001, First desalination plant in Cyprus product
water aggresivity and corrosion control, ELSEVIER -
4
5
25
, Langelier (LSI) 7
LSI = pH - pHs
CaCO3. LSI
.
, .
pHs :
pHs = pCa + pAlk + "C"
:
pCa:
( 15)
Ca mg/l.
pAlk:
( 15) CaCO3
mg/l.
C:
( 15)
mg/l (,
, , , , , , , ).
Dow Water & Process Solutions, FILMTEC Reverse Osmosis Membranes Technical Manual
26
27
3.2.3
(
2/...38295, 630/2007,
).
:
1. 9/6/2011
: . .1
. .2
( )
.
,
. .1
. .2
10/6/2011
.
2. 23/6/2011
. .
24/6/2011
.
3. 14/7/2011
.
.
,
. 18/7/2011
.
( )
28
200C, Langelier
:
10/06/2011:
pHs = pCa + pAlk + "C" = 5 + 4,3 + 2,27 = 11,57
LSI = pH - pHs = 5,5 11,57 = -6,07
24/06/2011:
pHs = pCa + pAlk + "C" = 4,35 + 3,84 + 2,3 = 10,49
LSI = pH - pHs = 8,5 10,49 = -1,99
18/07/2011:
pHs = pCa + pAlk + "C" = 4,6 + 3,6 + 2,29 = 10,49
LSI = pH - pHs = 8,4 10,49 = -2,09
( 2/...38295, 630/2007,
) :
16:
10/06/2011
24/06/2011
18/07/2011
0/100ml
310
0/100ml
0,2-0,5mg/l
-*
<0,15
0,21
6,5 9,5
5,5
8,5
8,4
250 mg/l
180.8
310.2
254
1 mg/l
1,3
1,5
0,33
>0 (
-6,07
-1,99
-2,09
pH
Cl-
B
LSI
( Langelier)
29
1. 10/06/2011: pH 5,5,
6,5 .
1,3 mg/lt 1,0
mg/lt .
.
LSI,
DOW (. )
, ,
1
,
.
2. 24/06/2011:
. 310,2 mg/lt
250 mg/lt .
1,5 mg/lt 1,0
mg/lt .
.
LSI,
DOW ,
, 1
,
.
3. 18/07/2011:
254 mg/lt 250 mg/lt
( 2/...38295, 630/2007,
).
Langelier (LSI),
DOW (.
) ,
, 1
,
.
0,33 mg/lit
.
0,7-0,9 mg/lt.
,
, .
( ).
30
,
pH 9,5.
3.2.3.1
.
( ).
2008-2009
Langelier. 4 .
pH
.
. :
1. / 7/2/2008, pH
10,05 9,5
2. / 20/2/2008, pH
10,4 9,5
3. / 10/4/2008, pH
10, 5 9,5
, 1,1 1,0
4. / 6/7/2009,
LSI = -0,655
, 291mg/l
200mg/l .
.
31
4.
4.1
1.
2.
.
. , pH
8,0 8,2
LSI , .
+ 0,05 +0.1.
10 12
.
.
(high rejection membranes).
, /
.
,
LSI, ,
, pH TDS.
4.2
4.2.1
- ,
10% (
32
,
) 50%
,
.
25 - 30%.
35%.
:
)
5%
10% 20,
.
(
5% 40)
.
(.. ).
-
.
:
i.
:
. 3
.
ii.
- :
(..
,
(>160 mm) (..
)
iii.
:
, ( )
,
.
33
,
, ,
.
)
. :
1) , -
2)
3)
,
4)
5)
.
( 30-50% ).
,
1km
.
4.2.2
()
:
1. .
, ,
.
.
.
2.
. .
/
.
3. (/)
.
4.
.
34
5.
PVC .
6. ,
100m ,
.
4.2.3
.
. ,
,
( ) .
. ,
,
(
).
4.3
.
( , 2008)
,
. ,
,
,
( , 2008).
.
.
35
, .
:
1.
.
.
.
2.
,
(
),
.
:
, ,
.
.
3.
,
.
.
:
36
.
4. ()
. , ,
.
- , - .
,
, . ,
:
, ,
,
,
.
-
(.. )-
,
.
1 p.p.m.
( 5% ,
37
) 30 gr/m.
.
.
.
.
, ,
.
38
5.
, : &
, 2006
Water Treatment Handbook, Degremont, 1979
Langelier, W.F., The analytical control of anticorrosion water treatment. J.Amer.Water
Works Association, 1936
V.Siamarou-Marangou and Kyros Savvides, First desalination plant in Cyprus product
water aggresivity and corrosion control, ELSEVIER, 2001-
Dow Water & Process Solutions, FILMTEC Reverse Osmosis Membranes Technical
Manual -
39
40
:
..
41
III:
42
V:
(:
)
43
V:
2009 2010 (:
)
44
V:
1981, 1991 2001 (: )
45
V:
46
V: 892//11-07-2001:
,
98/83/
3 1998 (
2/2600/2001) EK 630//26-04-2007:
2/2600/2001
,
98/83/
3 1998
47
IX: Langelier
(Langelier Saturation Index) Dow Water &
Process Solutions: FILMTEC Reverse Osmosis
Membranes - Technical Manual
48
49