-1

10

L a mina r
flow

C ritica l
z one

T ra ns ition zone

C omple te turbule nc e, rough pipes , R > 3500/r

0.07

0.06
0.05
0.045
0.04

0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02
0.0175
0.015

D arcy W eis bac h fric tion fac tor l

0.01
0.008

3.5

0.006
3
0.004

f = 64/R

0.003

2.5
0.002
0.0015
2

0.001
0.0008

1.8

0.0006

1.6

0.0004

r =0

1.4

0.0002

1.2

0.0001

r = 5e -006

5e -005

-2

10

9
8

2e -005

r = 1e -006

1e -005
6 7 8

10

Mo o dy D ia gr am

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

R elative roughnes s r =k /D

0.0125