M

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CNG THC VT L 12
CHNG I: NG LC HC VT RN
1. Phng trnh ng hc ca chuyn ng quay
a. Chuyn ng quay u: = o + t ; = 0
b. Chuyn ng quay bin i u: = hng s
nhanh dn u: . > 0
chm dn u: . < 0
= o + t
= o + t +
2
1
t
2

2
o
2
= 2
2. Lin h gia tc gc v tc di : v = r
3. Gia tc tip tuyn v gia tc hng tm :
Gia tc tip tuyn c trng cho s thay i v
ln ca vn tc: at = R
Gia tc php tuyn c trng cho s thay i v
phng ca vn tc: an = R
2
=
2
v
R
4. Momen lc i vi trc quay: M = Fd
5. Momen qun tnh ca mt s vt rn ng cht:
* Vnh trn hay hnh tr rng: I = mR
2
* a trn hay hnh tr c: I =
2
1
mR
2
* Qu cu c: I =
5
2
mR
2
* Thanh mnh c chiu di l: I =
12
1
ml
2
6. Phng trnh ng lc hc: M = I
7. Momen ng lng : L = I
* nh lut bo ton momen ng lng: I11 = I22

8. ng nng ca mt vt rn quay quanh trc c nh:
W =
2
1
I
2
CHNG II: DAO NG C
A. Con lc l xo:
1. Tn s gc: =
m
k
= 2

f =
T
2
2. Chu k: T =

2
= 2
k
m
= 2
g
l

3. Phng trnh dao ng: x = Acos ( t + )

4. Phng trnh vn tc: v = - Asin ( t + )
5. Phng trnh gia tc: a = -
2
Acos ( t + ) = -
2
x
6. H thc c lp: v
2
=
2
( A
2
x
2
)
* Khi qua v tr cn bng: vmax = A
7. Nng lng:
* Th nng: Wt =
2
1
kx
2
* ng nng: W =
2
1
mv
2
* C nng: W =
2
1
kA
2
=
2
1
mw
2
A
2
8. Lc tc dng:
* Con lc nm ngang: / F/ = kx
/ Fmax/ = KA
Fmin = 0
* Con lc thng ng: / F / = mg t kx = k( l t x)
bin di: / Fmax/ = k( l t A)
bin trn: Fmin = 0
X
N O M
X X
+
Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|F| = k| A l |
B. Con lc n:
1. Tn s gc: =
l
g
2. Chu k: T =

2
= 2
g
l

3. Phng trnh dao ng ( li cong ): s = socos ( t + )

( li gc): = o cos ( t + )
4.Tc : v =
0
cos (cos 2 gl )
5. Lc cng dy: T = mg ( )
0
3cos 2cos
6. Nng lng:
* Th nng: Wt = mgh = mgl ( 1 -
cos
)
* ng nng: W =
2
1
mv
2
* C nng: W =
2
mgl
2
0
=
l
mg
2
s0
2
=
2
2
m
s0
2
C. Con lc vt l:
Chu k: T =

2
= 2
mgd
I

D. Tng hp dao ng:

A
2
= A1
2
+ A2
2
+ 2 A1A2 cos ( 1 2

)
tan
2 1
2 1
cos cos
sin sin

A A
A A
+
+

Hai d cng pha: A = A1 + A2 ;

2 1

Hai d ngc pha: A = / A1 A2 / ; = 1 hoc
= 2
Hai d vung pha: A =
2
2
2
1
A A +
CHNG III. SNG C
1. Bc sng :
vT
f
v

2. Phng trnh sng :
uO = A cost
uM = Acos
1
]
1

,
_

v
x
t
= Acos
1
]
1

,
_

x
T
t
2
uN = Acos
1
]
1

,
_

x
T
t
2
3. Phng trnh sng tng hp ti M :
u = 2A cos
,
_

,
_

+
2
2 cos
2
2

ft
d
4. iu kin c sng dng:
* Hai u dy c nh: l = n
2

vi n = 1,2,..: l s bng
*C mt u t do: l =
2 2
1

,
_

+ n
n l s b
5. Giao thoa sng:
* lch pha: ) (
2
1 2
d d

* Biu thc sng tng hp:

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
u = 2A
( )

,
_

1
]
1

2
2 cos cos
2 1 1 2
d d
ft
d d
* V tr cc i: d2 d1 = k
* V tr cc tiu: d2 d1 =

,
_

+
2
1
k
6. Mc cng m:
L (B) = lg
0
I
I
hoc L (dB) = 10 lg
0
I
I

7. Hiu ng p-ple:
Gi: vM: tc my thu
vS: tc my pht
v: tc truyn m
f: tn s nghe c
f: tn s ngun pht
Qui c: li gn tn s tng; ra xa tn s gim
' .
M
S
v v
f f
v v
t

t
CHNG IV: DAO NG IN T
1. Bc sng :
f
c
cT
vi c = 3.10
8
m/s
2. Tn s gc :
LC
1

3. Chu k : LC T 2
4. Tn s:
LC
f
2
1

5. in tch : q = qocos ( ) + t
6. Cng dng in : i = - qosin( ) + t
= - IO sin( ) + t
7. Hiu in th : u = ( ) + t
C
q
cos
0
= U0 cos ( ) + t
8. Nng lng in trng : WC =
2
2
1
Cu
9. Nng lng t trng : WL=
2
2
1
Li
10. Nng lng in t : W = WC + WL
=
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
q
C
LI CU
CHNG V. DNG IN XOAY CHIU
1. T thng qua mi vng dy : cos BS
2. Sut in ng ca khung dy : e = NBS cos ( ) + t
= EO cos ( ) + t
3. Ga tr hiu dng :
2
;
2
0 0
U
U
I
I
4. Mch RLC ni tip :
Cm khng: ZL = L
Dung khng: ZC =
C
1
Tng tr: ( )
2
2
C L
Z Z R Z +
lch pha gia u v i:
R
Z Z
U
U U
C L
R
C L

tan
H s cng sut:
Z
R
U
U
R
cos
* ZL> ZC : mch c tnh cm khng; >0
Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* ZC> ZL : mch c tnh dung khng; <0
5. nh lut m:
* on mch cha R: UR = IR
* ---------------------L: UL = IZL
* ---------------------C: UC = IZC
* --------------------RLC: U = IZ
= ( )
2 2
C L R
U U U +
5. Biu thc u v i :
* Cho i = IO cos t:
- on mch cha R: uR = IoR cos t
- ---------------------L: uL = IoZ Lcos (t+
2

)
- ---------------------C: uC = IoZ Ccos (t-
2

)
- --------------------RLC: u = IoZcos (t+)
* Cho u = UO cos t
i = IO cos (t -)
6. Cng sut ca mch in:
P = UI cos = IR
2
7. Hin tng cng hng:
* Zmin = R ; Imax =
R
U
*
LC
1

vi ZL = ZC
* u v i cng pha : = 0
* cos max = 1
* UL = UC ; U = UR
8. Tn s ca my pht: f = np
9. My bin p:
1
2
2
1
2
1
I
I
N
N
U
U

10. Cng sut hao ph trn ng ti in:
2
2
U
P
R P
CHNG VI. SNG NH SNG
1. Tn sc nh sng:
* sin i1 = nsin r1 * sin i2 = nsin r2
* A = r1 + r2 * D = i1 + i2 A
Trng hp gc nh: D = A ( n-1)
2. Giao thoa nh sng :
V tr vn sng: x =
ki
a
D k

vi k = 0;
... 2 ; 1 t t
V tr vn ti:
a
D
k x

,
_

+
2
1
Khong vn:
a
D
i

Bc sng:
D
ai

3. Bc sng ngn nht ca tia Rnghen :

eU
hc
X

min

CHNG VII. LNG T NH SNG

A.Hin tng quang in
* iu kin c hin tng quang in:
0

1. Gii hn quang in:
A
hc

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Nng lng photon:

hc
hf
3. Phng trnh Anhstanh: + A
2
2
0
mv
4. iu kin dng quang in trit tiu:
2
2
0
mv
eU
h

5. Cng dng quang in bo ha: Ibh = ne
n = s electron bt ra trong mt giy
6. Cng sut bc x: P = N

N = s photon p vo trong mt giy

7. Hiu sut lng t: H =
N
n
%
B. Mu nguyn t Bo:
1. Bn knh qu o dng: rn = n
2
ro
2. S bc x v hp th nng lng ca nguyn t:
En Em = hf
3.nh lut v s hp th nh sng:
I = Io e
- d
Io : cng ca chm sng ti mi trng
: h s hp th ca mi trng
CHNG VIII. S LC V THUYT TNG
I HP
1. S co di :
2
2
0
1
c
v
l l
2. S chm li ca ng h chuyn ng :

2
2
0
1
c
v
t
t

3. H thc Anhstanh :
2
2
2
0 2
1
c
c
v
m
mc E

CHNG IX. HT NHN NGUYN T
1. ht khi:
( ) [ ] m m Z A Zm m
n p
+
2. Nng lng lin kt ca ht nhn : Wlk =
2
.c m
3. Nng lng lin kt ring :
A
W
lk

4. nh lut phng x :
T
t
t
N
e N N
2
0
0



T
t
t
m
e m m
2
0
0



( )
t
T
t
e N N N

,
_

1
2
1
1
0 0
5. phng x:
t
T
t
e H
H
H


0
0
2

N H N H ;
0 0
6.Nng lng trong phn ng ht nhn:
A + B

C + D
mo = mA + mB ; m = mC + mD
* m < mo: phn ng ta nng lng W = ( )
2
0
c m m
* m > mo: phn ng thu nng lng. Nng lng cung
cp: ( )

W c m m W +
2
0