Trng HBK - B mn ng t & ng thnh ph

Bi 1 :
1. m u :

c s l thuyt ca cc phng php tnh N NH MI DC THNG DNG

Mi dc l khi t c mt gii hn l mt dc (hnh 1.1). Mi dc c hnh thnh hoc do tc nhn t nhin ( sn ni,b sng .v.v..) hoc do tc ng nhn to ( v d : taluy nn ng o, nn p, h mng, thn p t, .v.v..).

Hnh 1.1 : Mt ct ngang mt mi dc

Tt c cc mi dc u c xu hng gim dc n mt dng n nh hn, cui cng chuyn sang nm ngang v trong bi cnh ny, mt n nh c quan nim l khi c xu hng di chuyn v ph hoi. i vi nn ng o l do khi chn kch thc, hnh dng ca mi dc cha hp l. Cc lc gy mt n nh lin quan ch yu vi trng lc v thm trong khi sc chng ph hoi c bn l do hnh dng mi dc kt hp vi bn thn bn khng ct ca t v to nn, do khi tnh ton n nh ca mi dc cn phi xt n y cc ni lc v ngoi lc. Nh chng ta bit mi dc cng thoi th n nh s cng cao, nhng khi lng cng tc t, din tch chim dng s cng ln, iu ny s dn n tri vi quan im kinh t hin nay. V vy, mc tiu cui cng ca vic tnh ton n nh mi dc l xc nh c dc mi taluy tho mn yu cu kinh t v k thut. nh gi n nh ca mi dc, v mt l thuyt hin nay tn ti nhiu phng php tnh, nhng c th gp chng thnh hai nhm phng php chnh nh sau: + Nhm phng php theo l thuyt cn bng gii hn ca khi rn ( gi thit trc hnh dng ca mt trt ) : c im ca nhm phng php dng mt trt gi nh l khng cn c trc tip vo tnh hnh c th ca ti trng v tnh cht c l ca t p quy nh mt trt cho mi dc, m xut pht t kt qu quan trc lu di cc mt trt ca mi dc trong thc t a ra gi thit n gin ho v hnh dng mt trt ri t nu ln phng php tnh ton, ng thi xem khi trt nh l mt vt th rn trng thi cn bng gii hn. + Nhm phng php da vo l thuyt cn bng gii hn thun tu : Nhm l thuyt ny da trn gi thuyt chnh cho rng, ti mi im trong
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khi p t u tho mn iu kin cn bng gii hn. Vic mt im mt n nh c gii thch l do s xut hin bin dng trt ti im . Cn mi t mt n nh l do s pht trin ca bin dng trt trong mt vng rng ln gii hn ca khi t p. Trong hai nhm phng php nu trn, "nhm phng php da vo l thuyt cn bng gii hn thun tu " vn m phng c gn ng trng thi ng sut trong khi t b ph hoi, v mt ton hc mang tnh logic cao, nhng im hn ch l cha xt c bin dng th tch ca khi t, ng thi l gii bi ton n nh ca mi dc theo phng php ny cha c p dng rng ri trong thc t. Nhm phng php "dng mt trt gi nh " tuy c nhc im l xem khi trt nh l mt c th v c gii hn bi mt trt v mt mi dc, ng thi xem trng thi ng sut gii hn ch xy ra trn mt trt m thi, thc t th mt trt xy ra rt phc tp, ph thuc vo s tc dng ca ti trng ngoi, vo tnh cht ca cc a tng v vo cc yu t khc. Tuy vy tu theo tnh hnh c th ca tng cng trnh, m vic gi nh trc cc mt trt cho ph hp, ng thi nhm phng php ny tnh ton n gin hn v thin v an ton hn so vi nhm phng php l lun cn bng gii hn. Chnh v th thc t hin nay s dng phng php ny tnh ton n nh mi dc c p dng rng ri hn.
1.2 . phng trnh cn bng ca khi t trt

1.2.1. Cc gi thit tnh ton lp phng trnh cn bng gii hn ca khi t trt cc tc gi nh K.E.Pettecxn, W. Fellenius, Bishop, Sokolovski, K. Terzaghi u da vo cng thc ni ting ca A.C. Coulomb ( nh lut Mohr - Coulomb - xem C hc t ) xc nh ng sut ct : Hoc

s = c + ntg
s = c + ( n u )tg

(1.1) (1.2)

Trong : s - ng sut ct gii hn ti im bt k trn mt trt trng thi cn bng gii hn. n- ng sut php gii hn ( vung gc vi mt trt ) trng thi cn bng gii hn . c - Lc dnh n v ca t trng thi gii hn ng vi h s n nh ca mi dc. - Gc ma st trong ca t ng vi trng thi gii hn ca t. u - p lc nc l rng. Khi tnh ton n nh, mt trt gi nh trc c th l trn, hn hp ( t hp cc cung trt trn v thng ) hoc hnh dng bt k c xc nh bi hng lot nhng ng thng. Chia khi t trt ra thnh nhiu ct thng ng, mi ct
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t c gii hn bi hai mt phng thng ng v c xem nh mt vt rn nguyn khi ta ln trn cung trt. im khc nhau c bn gia cc phng php ca cc tc gi nu trn chnh l vic gi thit phng, v tr tc dng v gi tr ca cc lc tc dng tng h gia cc mnh trt bao gm lc ct v lc x ngang gia cc mnh. Phng trnh cn bng gii hn c xc nh da trn cc gi thit : + t c xem nh vt liu tun theo nh lut Mohr - Coulomb. + H s n nh ( h s an ton ) nh nhau cho tt c cc im trn mt trt. + Trng thi cn bng gii hn ch xy ra trn mt trt.

Hnh 1.2 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong trng hp mt trt trn

Hnh 1.3 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong

trng hp mt trt t hp

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Hnh 1.4 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong trng hp mt trt gy khc

Hnh (1.2), (1.3) v (1.4) th hin cc hnh dng mt trt. Cc gi tr c nh ngha nh sau : W - Trng lng ca mnh trt vi b rng b v chiu cao trung bnh h. N - Tng lc php tuyn ti y mt trt ca phn t t. S - Lc ct di chuyn ( lc ct hot ng ) ti y mt trt ca phn t t, hoc l Sm khi mt trt c hnh dng bt k. EL, ER - Lc php tuyn bn tri v bn phi ca mi phn t t. XL, XR - Lc ct bn tri v bn phi ca mi phn t t. D - Ngoi lc tc dng. kW - Ti trng ng t theo phng ngang tc dng i qua trng tm mi phn t t. R - Bn knh mt trt trn hay cnh tay n ca lc ct di chuyn, Sm khi mt trt c hnh dng bt k. f - khong cch t tm quay n phng ca lc php tuyn N. x - Khong cch theo phng ngang t ng trng tm ca mi phn t t n tm cung trt trn hay tm mmen ( khi cung trt c hnh dng bt k ). e - Khong cch theo phng ng t tm ca mi phn t t n tm cung trt trn hay tm mmen ( khi cung trt c hnh dng bt k ). d - Khong cch vung gc t ng tc dng ca ti trng ngoi n tm cung trt trn hay tm mmen. h - Chiu cao trung bnh ca mi phn t t. b - Chiu rng theo phng ngang ca mi phn t t. - Chiu di y mt trt. a - Khong cch t hp lc nc bn ngoi ( nc ngp hai bn taluy ) ti tm quay hay tm mmen. AL, AR - Hp lc tc dng ca nc.
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- gc nghing ca ng ti trng ngoi so vi phng ngang. - Gc hp gia tip tuyn ti y mi mt trt vi phng nm ngang. H s n nh ca mi dc c th c xc nh t iu kin cn bng mmen hoc cn bng lc hoc iu kin cn bng gii hn tng qut.
1.2.2. Phng trnh cn bng mmen

iu kin cn bng gii hn v mmen l tng mmen ca cc lc i vi tm trt phi bng khng ( xem hnh 1.2, 1.3 v 1.4 ):

W .x S
Hay
Km =

.R N .f + kW .e D.d A.a = 0

(1.3)

M M
i =1 i =1 n

i giu

( mt s ti liu k hiu l Fm )

i truot

Trong :

Km =

[c. .R + ( N u. ).R.tg ] W .x N .f + kW .e D.d A.a

s. [c + ( n u )tg ] = Km Km
N

(1.4)

Sm =

(1.5)

Vi : - ng sut php trung bnh ti y mt trt. Km - H s n nh xc nh theo iu kin cn bng v mmen. s c xc nh t cng thc (1.1) hay (1.2)
1.2.3. Phng trnh cn bng lc

n =

iu kin cn bng lc theo phng ngang cho tt c cc mnh trt ( xem hnh 1.2, 1.3 v 1.4 ):

(E
Hay K f =

ER ) N .sin + S m .cos kW D.cos A = 0

n i =1 n i giu

(1.6)

F F
i =1

( mt s ti liu k hiu l Ff )

i truot

Kf =

[c. .cos + ( N u. ).tg .cos ]

N .sin + kW D.cos A

(1.7)

1.2.4. Phng trnh cn bng gii hn tng qut (GLE)

Trong thc t, tnh hnh phn b a cht, thu vn rt phc tp cc mi dc nn

o, nn mt trt cng thng c hnh dng rt phc tp : c th l hn hp cc cung
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trn v cc on thng hoc cc on thng gy khc. Do vy tn ti tm trt o, s lng n ln hn s cc phng trnh c lp, bi ton tr nn v nh. Nu gi thit mt tm trt tho mn iu kin cn bng mmen, th khng tho mn iu kin cn bng v lc theo mt phng no , hoc ngc li. Do vy, mt s tc gi kt hp cc iu kin cn bng trn gii quyt bi ton - c gi l phng php cn bng gii hn tng qut ( General Limit Equilibrium - GLE ), s dng cc phng trnh cn bng tnh hc sau y tm h s an ton : 1- Tng cc lc theo phng ng i vi phn t t c gi nh tm lc php tuyn N ti y mt trt. W + ( X L X R ) + N .cos + S m .sin D.sin = 0 (1.8) Thay (1.1) hay (1.2) vo (1.8) gii c phn lc php tuyn N : c. .sin + u. .sin .tg + D.sin W + (XR XL) K N= (1.9) sin .tg cos + K 2- Tng cc lc theo phng ngang i vi mi mt trt c s dng tnh ton lc tng h E. Phng trnh c p dng khi tnh tch phn ton b khi lng khi trt t tri sang phi. 3- Tng momen i vi mt im chung cho tt c cc phn t t, dng tnh h s n nh momen Km. 4- Tng cc lc theo phng ngang i vi tt c cc lt ct, dng tnh h s n nh Kf. Kt qu l h s n nh chung K c tnh trn cc h s n nh Km v Kf, tc l tho mn c iu kin cn bng lc v cn bng momen, v c xem l h s n nh ( h s an ton ) hi t ca phng php cn bng gii hn tng qut.

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CHNG II ng dng phn mm Slope/w tnh n nh mi dc 2.1. Gii thiu mt s phn mm tnh n nh mi dc hin nay - Phn mm Taren (Php) : Tnh n nh mi dc, tng chn c gia cng neo thp. - Phn mm tng hp Plaxis (H Lan) : Da vo l thuyt cn bng gii hn thun tu, gii quyt bi ton bng phng php phn t hu hn m hnh chuyn v. Phn mm tnh ton n nh mi dc, tng chn gia cng neo thp, li vi a k thut, li ct thp, ... - B phn mm Geo - Slope (Canada) : c nhiu nc trn th gii nh gi l b chng trnh mnh nht, c dng ph bin nht hin nay, gm c 6 Modul sau : 1. SEEP/W : Phn tch thm. 2. SIGMA/W : Phn tch ng sut bin dng. 3. SLOPE/W : Phn tch n nh mi dc, mi dc c gia cng neo. 4. CTRAIN/W : Phn tch nhim trong giao thng. 5. TEMP/W : Phn tch a nhit. 6. QUAKE/W : Phn tch ng thi cc thnh phn trn. 2.2. Gii thiu phn mm SLOPE/W Trong phn ny ch gii thiu mt s vn chnh ca phn mm Slope/w version 4.2, c th xem thm hng dn chi tit cc lnh bng menu Help trong chng trnh. 2.2.1. Mn hnh lm vic ca phn mm Slope/w - Ca s chnh ( main window ) : Ging nh bt k chng trnh chy trong mi trng windows khc, ca s chnh ca Slope/w cng bao gm cc thnh phn sau : thanh tiu cha tn chng trnh v tn tp ang m, cc nt iu khin maximize, minimize, close, menu bar, cc thanh cng c, thanh trng thi, vng ho, ... c tn l DEFINE. T ca s chnh m n 2 ca s con th hin kt qu tnh ton c tn l CONTOUR v SOLVE. - Thanh menu bar ( Bar menu ): Cha tt c cc lnh c th thc hin vi Slope/w :

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Thanh tiu

menu bar

cc thanh cng c

mn hnh ho

Thanh cun

Trc to To con tr

Thanh trng thi

Ca s chnh ca chng trnh

Tm trt

mt trt

Ca s phn tch n nh mi dc

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Phng php phn tch

H s n nh theo iu kin cn bng momen H s n nh theo iu kin cn bng lc S ln lp

Nt khi ng Nt dng Ca s lp tnh n nh mi dc

Thanh cng c chun ( Standard toolbar ) : Cung cp nhanh cc lnh c bn, thao tc vo, ra, quan st m hnh ...

Cc thanh cng c ni ( floalting toolbar ) : Cung cp nhanh cc lnh to m hnh, thay i m hnh, chn phng php phn tch, chnh sa v xem kt qu.

Ca s hin th m hnh ( Dislay window ) : Dng ho cc s hnh hc, hin th kt qu phn tch, gm c 2 ca s Define v Contour. mi thi im ch c mt ca s hot ng Thanh trng thi ( Status bar ) : Th hin thng tin hin thi ca m hnh nh v tr tr chut trn mn hnh hin th, lnh ang thc thi ...

2.2.2. M t cc menu c bn 1. File MENU : Cha cc lnh v file, kt xut d liu, in n.

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-> M mt file mi -> M mt file c -> c file d liu t cc modul ca Geoslope -> Xut d liu dng file *.emf -> ghi d liu thnh file

-> In hnh ho

-> Cc file va thc thi

-> Thot khi chng trnh Slope/w

2. File SET :

3. File SET :

4. File SET :

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Bi 2 : ng dng phn mm Slope/W gii quyt bi ton n nh mi dc

A. KIM TRA n nh mi dc : I. Thit lp vng lm vic : Vng lm vic l ni s dng cho vic nh ngha bi ton, c th nh hn, bng hoc ln hn trang giy in. Nu vng lm vic ln hn trang giy in, bi ton s c in trn nhiu trang khi h s phng bng hoc ln hn 1. Vng lm vic nn c thit lp trc to thun li cho vic thao tc vi mt t l quen thuc. Thng thng c th chn kch thc vng lm vic : Rng 260 mm, Cao 200 mm. I.1 Xc nh phm vi vng lm vic : - T thc n Set chn trang Page. Xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :

- Chn n v p dng cho vng lm vic trong hp nhm Units l mm - Trong nhm Working Area, chn Width = 260 mm, Height = 200 mm - Chn OK. I.2 Xc nh t l v : Cc i tng hnh hc thng thng c nh ngha vi n v m, do cn chn t l v thch hp ph hp vi ni dung trang giy (thng c chn l 1:200 ) - T thc n Set chn trang Scale. Xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :

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- Chn n v dng miu t i tng hnh hc trong nhm Engineering Units l Meters - Nhp kch thc m rng dng miu t bi ton trong nhm Problem Extents, nn chn kch thc rng hn bi ton mt cht c th dnh l cho bn v. - Nhp t l v trong hp Horz.1 v Vert.1 trong nhm Scale. Lu : Khi nhp t l v mi, kch thc vng lm vic c th thay i theo t l mi thng qua s thay i ca cc gi tr Maximum x v Maximum y trong nhm Problem Extents. - Chn OK. I.3 Xc nh li v : Vic xc nh nn li v trong phm vi vng lm vic s to iu kin thun li cho vic to im, ng chnh xc theo to mong mun thng qua ch bt dnh. - T thc n Set chn trang Grid. Xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :

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- Nhp khong cch li trong hp X v Y trong nhm Grid Spacing. Sau khi nhp, khong cch thc ca mt li trn mn hnh c th hin trong nhm Actual Grid Spacing. - Nhp chn trong Display Grid v Snap to Grid - Chn OK. I.4 Lu d liu vo tp : D liu nh ngha ca bi ton cn c ghi ra tp, nhm phc v cho cc chng trnh SOLVE, CONTOUR gii v hin th kt qu. - Nu d liu c ghi ln u v sau mi ln thao tc, chn Save t thc n File - Nu lu d liu vo mt tp khc, chn Save As t thc n File.

II. Phc tho bi ton : II.1 Phc tho ni dung bi ton : phc tho bi ton u tin cn lm xut hin ton b vng lm vic trong ca s mn hnh, bng vic nhn chut ln nt Zoom Page cng c Zoom phc tho ni dung bi ton chn Lines t thc n Sketch, lc ny con tr chut s bin thnh hnh du +, di chuyn con tr chut n to im cn phc tho v nhn phm tri, con tr chut s c dch chuyn n to im mong mun nh c ch bt dnh. Lc ny, nu tip tc di chuyn, mt ng k s xut hin ti im va bt dnh n v tr hin ti ca chut. C tip tc di trn thanh

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chuyn chut v bt dnh cc im mong mun theo yu cu ca bi ton v kt thc vic pht tho bng phm phi chut. Nhn nt Zoom Objects trn thanh cng c Zoom phng to cc

ng va pht tho va kht vi ca s vng lm vic. II.2 Xc nh phng php phn tch (Bishop, Ordinary, Janbu,..) - phn tch bi ton n nh mi dc, hin nay c rt nhiu phng php, ch ra phng php phn tch t thc n KeyIn chn Analysis Method, s xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :

- Chn phng php phn tch Bishop (with Ordinary & Janbu) - Chn OK. II.3Xc nh cc tu chn khi phn tch bi ton. ch ra cc tu chn khi phn tch : - T thc n KeyIn chn Analysis Control, s xut hin hp thoi :

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- Trong hp thoi KeyIn Analysis Control, s dng cc la chn mc nh nh sau : + Trong nhm Apply Probability Analysis chn khng phn tch xc sut (Probabilistic analysis) + Trong nhm Slip Surface Option la chn cc loi mt trt, nu la chn Grid and Radius cho php nh r mt li cc tm v bn knh mt trt. + La chn mc hi t, thng qua nhm Convergence nhp s mnh ca mt trt (Number of Slices) v sai s cho php. + La chn hng di chuyn ca mt trt thng qua nhm Direction of Movement + La chn cch biu din p lc nc mao dn bng ng p lc Piezometric Lines/Ru trong nhm Pore-Water Pressure + La chn nh hng ca sc cng n vic xut hin vt nt trong nhm Tension crack l None. + Chn OK. II.4 Nhp cc thng s tnh ton cho nn t nhp thng s cc lp t, t thc n KeyIn chn Soil Properties, s xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :
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Qu trnh nhp c tin hnh cho tng lp, bao gm cc thng s : s th t lp t ( soil), m hnh tnh ton ( Strength Model), miu t lp t ( Description), v chn mu th hin ( Color). Sau khi nhp y cc c tnh cho mi lp t, nhn nt Copy chp vo danh sch. Sau khi nhp y cc lp t vo danh sch nhp chn OK kt thc. II.5 V ng phn cch gia cc lp t trn bn v phc tho : v ng phn cch gia cc lp t trn bn v phc tho (hay s hnh hc ca lp t), s dng lnh Draw Lines . Tt c cc ng phi bt u t im tri nht v kt thc im phi nht cho tng lp. - u tin t thc n Draw chn lnh Lines, s xut hin hp thoi Draw Lines nh hnh v :

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- Trong nhm Select Line Line # th hin s th t lp t, mc nh l 1. Chn Draw v Lu : Khi chn Draw con tr chut s chuyn thnh hnh du +, bm phm tri chut nhp chn im cn v, nhp phm phi hoc ESC kt thc qu trnh v, lc ny hp thoi Draw Lines li xut hin chn ng v cho lp t tip theo. Chn s th t lp t v lnh Draw v ng tip theo, hoc Done kt thc qu trnh v. II.6 V ng phn b p lc nc l rng trong t : Slope/W th hin phn b p lc nc l rng trong t bng mt ng o p. v ng o p, chn mc Pore Water Pressure t thc n Draw, hp thoi Draw Piezometric Lines xut hin nh hnh v :

Trong nhm Apply to Soil chn cc lp t cn v ng o p. Chn lnh Draw bt u v ng o p, nhp chn im khi v bm phm tri chut, kt thc lnh v bm phm phi chut. Lc ny hp thoi Draw Piezometric Lines li xut hin v ng th hai. kt thc qu trnh v ng o p, nhn chn nt Done. II.7. Xc nh bn knh mt trt v li mt trt II.7.1 Xc nh vng bn knh mt trt : xc nh bn knh cung trt v v tr ca mt trt th nghim, cn xc nh vng bn knh mt trt thng qua vic nh ngha cc ng hoc cc im
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s dng cho vic tnh ton bn knh cung trt (SLOPE/W s nh ngha cung trt bng cch s dng cc ng ny lm tip tuyn). - T thc n Draw, chn Slip Surface > Radius, con tr chut s chuyn sang hnh du + v thanh trng thi xut hin ch dn Draw Slip Surface Radius, tin hnh di chuyn chut v xc nh vng dng v ng bn knh mt trt. Sau khi chn, vng dng v ng bn knh s c vin, v xut hin hp thoi Draw Slip Surface Radius nh hnh v :

Trong hp # of Radius Increments chp nhn gi tr mc nh 2. - Chn OK II.7.2. Xc nh li tm trt : - Tng t cch xc nh vng bn knh mt trt, t thc n Draw, chn Slip Surface > Grid, con tr chut s chuyn sang hnh du + v thanh trng thi xut hin ch dn Draw Slip Surface Grid, tin hnh di chuyn chut v xc nh vng dng v ng bn knh mt trt. Sau khi chn, vng li tm trt s c v b nh du. Hp thoi Draw Slip Surface Grid xut hin nh hnh v :

Trong nhm # of Increments nhp gi tr chia li theo chiu ngang (X) v dc (Y) trong vng li tm trt. - Chn OK hoc Apply. Lc ny trn mn hnh li tm trt gm 12 im. SLOPE/W SOLVE s nh ngha cung trt qua cc tm im ny.

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II.8. Khai bo ti trng tp trung : Vic khai bo ti trng tp trung bao gm vic xc nh v tr, ln v hng ca ti trng. - T thc n Draw, chn Line Loads, hp thoi Draw Line Loads xut hin :

Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du + v thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo Draw Line Loads - Trong hp Magnitude nhp gi tr ln ca ti trng - Nu chn phng php phn tch xc sut, trong Standard Deviation nhp gi tr lch chun ca ti trng.

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- Di chuyn con tr n v tr cn t ti trng v nhn phm tri. Nu tip tc di chuyn con tr s xut hin mt ng mu en t v tr con tr. Hng ca ti trng xut hin trong Direction. - ch chnh xc hng ca ti trng, c th nhp trc tip gi tr gc ca ti trng trong Direction (vi n v nhp l xem hnh v).

- Nhn nt Apply xc nhn khai bo. Tip tc nhp cc ti trng cn li theo cc bc nu. - Nhn Done kt thc. II.9 Hiu chnh ti trng : - T thc n Draw, chn Line Loads, hp thoi Draw Line Loads xut hin :

Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du + v thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo Draw Line Loads - Chn ti trng trn bn v cn hiu chnh. Ti trng ch nh s c bao bng vin , tr s ln v hng ca ti trng xut hin trong hp thoi Draw Line Loads. - Sa i nhng ni dung cn hiu chnh ca ti trng trn hp thoi Draw Line Loads.
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- Nhn Apply cp nht nhng thay i mi cho ti trng. - kt thc bc hiu chnh, nhn chn Done, hoc ESC hoc phm phi chut. Ch : nhp v hiu chnh ti trng c th thc hin t thc n KeyIn > Loads > Line Loads trn hp thoi KeyIn Line Loads nh hnh v :

II.8. Khai bo ti trng phn b : Khi tnh ton n nh nn p, hoc ta luy nn o c nhiu tuyn ng b tr lch cao phi k thm ti trng ca t hoc xe xch chy trn mt ng bng cch i cc ti trng v ti trng phn b u trn c b rng nn ng c chiu cao ht xc nh nh sau :

htd =
Trong :

n.G d .B.L ; (m)

n : s xe nng ti a c th xp hng ngang trong phm vi b rng nn ng. B : B rng hng xe xp hng ngang ni trn; (m) L : Chiu di xe nng tnh t mp trc ca lp trc n mp sau ca lp sau (m). : Dung trng ca nn t; (T/m3) T xc nh c ti trng phn b u : p = .ht (T/m)

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Trn mn hnh ho, n vo nt xut hin hp thoi

Nhp tn ng bao hnh dng ti trng phn b (mc nh l 1) vo nhp Line #, nu v nhiu ti trng khc nhau th sau mi ln v, phi t tn khc (2,3,4 ...) Nhp gi tr ti trng phn b vo nhp Pressure Nhp hng ti trng tc dng : thng ng (vertical), hoc thng gc nn t (normal) Nhn Draw v, sau khi v xong nhn Done kt thc.

II.10. Mt s tu chn khi phc tho bi ton : II.10.1 tt cc im hoc s hiu cc im : - T thc n View, chn Preferences, hp thoi Preferences xut hin :

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- khng hin th im trn bn v : b tu chn Points. - khng hin th s hiu im hoc ng trn bn v : b tu chn Point & Line Numbers. - Chn OK. II.10.2 V h trc AXES : Vic phc tho h trc trn bn v gip cho vic xem xt v c thng tin bn v sau khi in tr nn n gin hn. - Bt ch hin th li bng cch nhn nt chut vo nt Snap to Grid trn thanh cng c Grid. - T thc n Sketch, chn Axes, hp thoi Axes xut hin nh hnh v :

- to mt h trc X nm ngang bn di v Y nm dc bn tri : Chn Left Axis, Bottom Axis, v Axis Numbers trong nhm Display.
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- Chn OK. Con tr chut s chuyn thnh du +, v thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo Sketch Axes - Dch chuyn con chut n gc tri bn tri bn v (thng l im c to (0,0) ) v gi phm tri chut ko n im thuc gc trn bn phi bn v v nh chut. Mt h trc x,y s c to ra trong vng chn. - thay i rng khong cch chia trn cc trc v thay i ni dung tiu trn h trc : chn Set > Axes. II.10.3 Hin th cc c tnh ca t : Vic hin th cc c tnh ca t cho php ngi thit k c th kim tra li cc thng s tnh ton ca cc lp t m bo chng c nhp chnh xc hn. xem cc thng s v cc lp t : - T thc n View, chn Soil Properties, con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du +, thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo View Soil Properties v hp thoi nh hnh v :

- xem thng s v lp t no, ch vic di chuyn con tr chut n bt c im no bn trong lp t v nhn phm tri chut. Lp t c t nn li, ng phn cch v cc im c hin sng. Cc thng s ca lp t c xut hin trong hp thoi View Soil Properties nh hnh v:

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Hp thoi th hin : s lp t, m t lp t, loi m hnh, cc thng s m hnh (lc dnh, gc ma st,..), cc ng o p, p lc nc l rng,... - xem ton b thng s ca cc lp t, thay i kch thc hp thoi bng cch ko dn ng vin ca hp thoi cho n khi tt c cc thng tin xut hin y . Hoc nhn nt All Soil. Lc ny tt c cc thng tin v cc lp t hin th nh hnh sau:

- chp tt c cc thng s ca t vo Clipboard dn vo mt ng dng khc, chn Copy. - in tt c cc thng tin v cc lp t, chn Print. - kt thc, chn Done hoc nhn phm phi chut. II.10.4 Gn nhn (tn gi) cho cc lp t : - T thc n Sketch, chn Text hp thoi Sketch Text xut hin nh hnh v :

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- Nhn nt Soil, xut hin hp thoi :

- gn nhn cho lp t, di chuyn con tr chut n v tr lp t. Nhn chut tri chn, lp t ny s c t vi nn li, cc im v ng phn cch lp hin sng. Cc thng s ca lp t xut hin trong hp thoi vi mc nh tt c cc tham s c chn. - Mun hin th cc thng s no ca lp t, chn cc tham s trong danh sch ca nhm Soil Properties. Nu ch mun gn nhn cho lp t, b chn mi tham s khc ch gi li tham s Description trong nhm Soil Properties v xo ni dung trong Title. - Chn OK quay li hp thoi Sketch Text. - Vic gn nhn cho cc lp t cn li c thc hin tng t. - kt thc vic gn nhn nhn nt Done, hoc nhn phm phi chut, hoc nhn ESC. II.10.5. B sung cc thng tin v bi ton : b sung thng tin cho bi ton, cc bc thc hin tng t nh gn nhn cho cc lp t, trong vic u tin l nhp cc thng tin v bi ton. Trong SLOPE/W, mi bi ton c gi l mt d n (Project). nhp cc thng tin v bi ton : - T thc n KeyIn, chn Project ID, xut hin hp thoi KeyIn Project ID nh hnh v :

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- Trong Tittle, g tiu bi ton (v d trn hnh v SLOPE/W Exemple Problem) - Trong Comments, g miu t bi ton (v d trn hnh v Learn Exemple in Chapter 3) - Chn OK. gn nhn cho bi ton : - T thc n Sketch, chn Text, hp thoi Sketch Text xut hin nh hnh v :

- Chn Project ID, mn hnh Project ID xut hin nh hnh v :

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- Trong danh sch Setting, chn cc tham s cn a vo bi ton (mc nh tt c cc tham s c chn). - Tin hnh chn tng cc tham s c chn trong danh sch Setting v thc hin xo ni dung trong Title. Sau khi hon tt cc bc thc hin, mang hnh Project ID c dng nh hnh v :

- t nhn cho bi ton, nhn phm tri chut ti v tr cn th hin trn bn v. - Chn Done kt thc vic b sung thng tin cho bi ton. Ch : Nu thay i thng tin v bi ton, nhn s t ng cp nht. Nu mun hin th nhiu thng tin hn v bi ton trn nhn, chn Modify > Text v nhn vo nhn ca bi ton. Sau khi hon thnh cc bc nu, mn hnh c dng nh hnh v :

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II.10.6 Chn nh vo bn v : chn nh vo bn v (v d biu tng ca cng ty hay bt k loi nh no), qu trnh thao tc c thc hin nh sau : - Khi ng DEFINE v m tp bn v cn chn nh. - T thc n File, chn Import Picture, hp thoi Import Picture xut hin :

- Chn file nh cn chn (v d HighFive.bmp), nhn Open. Con tr s chuyn thnh du +.

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- Di chuyn con tr n v tr cn chn nh trn bn v v nhn chut tri. Sau khi chn mn hnh c dng nh hnh v :

II.10.7 Thay i kch thc v v tr nh : - Chn Modify > Objects. Sau khi chn con tr chuyn sang mi tn mu en. - Nhn chut ln v tr nh v di chuyn nh n v tr cn thay i. - Nhn Done hoc ESC kt thc. III. Phn tch bi ton : III.1 Kim tra d liu nhp : Sau khi phc tho bi ton, tin hnh kim tra li cc d liu nhp m bo d liu c nhp chnh xc. -T thc n Tools, chn Verify, xut hin hp thoi Verify Data nh hnh v :

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- Nhp chn Verify : SLOPE/W s kim tra d liu bi ton. Nu pht hin li trong d liu, cc thng bo li s xut hin trong hp thoi nh hnh v, trong tng s li s xut hin dng cui cng.

- Nhp Done ng hp thoi. III.2 Lu d liu nhp : Sau khi kim tra d liu nhp. Chn File > Save lu d liu. SLOPE/W SOLVE s lu tp d liu vi ui tp *.SLP v s dng tp d liu ny tnh h s an ton. III.3 Phn tch bi ton : - Trn thanh cng c DEFINE, nhn chut ln nt SOLVE

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Hoc t thc n Tools chn Solve, hp thoi Slope/W Solve xut hin nh hnh v. Chn File > Open Data File t hp thoi Slope/W Solve m tp cn tnh ton. Ca s SOLVE xut hin. SOLVE s t ng m tp *.SLP cn tnh ton v hin th tn tp, nh hnh v ( y tn tp l Learn.slp)

- Nhn chut ln nt Start ca ca s Solve. Sau khi chn, mt chm mu xanh xut hin gia nt Start v Stop. Chm ny nhp nhy trong khi bi ton c gii. - Nhp chn File > Exit thot khi ca s SLOPE/W SOLVE. Trong qu trnh phn tch, SOLVE hin th h s an ton ti thiu v s hiu mt trt hin ti ang phn tch, nh hnh v :

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III.4 Xem kt qu tnh ton : Kt qu phn tch, c th c xem bng ho thng qua chng trnh SLOPE/W CONTOUR. khi ng CONTOUR, nhn nt CONTOUR trn thanh cng c DEFINE

Hoc c th chy CONTOUR t thc n Tools chn CONTOUR, hp thoi SLOPE/W CONTOUR xut hin nh hnh v. Chn File > Open t hp thoi SLOPE/W CONTOUR m tp cn xem kt qu phn tch.

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Bn v ca CONTOUR s c th hin theo nhng la chn trong View, Preferences khi ghi bi ton c nh ngha bng DEFINE. Trong , c th xem cc phn khc bng cch thay i Preferences t thc n View ca CONTOUR. III.4.1 V mt mt trt bt k : v mt trt bt k khng phi l mt trt c h s an ton ti thiu : - T thc n Draw ca CONTOUR chn Slip Surfaces, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh v :

Hp thoi cung cp thng tin v mt trt hin ti ang hin th v danh sch cc mt trt v h s an ton tng ng. - hin th cc mt trt khc, di chuyn chut trn ca s CONTOUR gn li tm quay ca mt trt cn th hin v nhn phm tri. CONTOUR v mt trt nh nht cho tm quay ny v hin th h s an ton bn trong li cc tm im. - kt thc, nhn Done hoc phm phi chut. III.4.2 Hin th kt qu theo cc phng php tnh khc : Trong phn khai bo phc tho bi ton, vic tnh ton h s an ton c chn theo phng php Bishop (with Ordinary and Janbu), v th CONTOUR hin th h s an ton theo phng php Bishop. Cc h s an ton theo phng php Ordinary v Janbu cng c th c xem. xem h s an ton theo cc phng php khc : - T thc n View, chn Method, xut hin hp thoi View Method :

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- Bm mi tn bn phi hp thoi danh sch cc phng php khc xut hin. Mun hin th kt qu theo phng php no, chn t hp danh sch th xung.

- Chn OK. tr v ch xem mc nh. Chn View > Method v chn Bishop hoc nhn nt Default trn thanh cng c Method.

III.4.3 Hin th lc tc dng trn tng phn t : - T thc n View, chn Slice Forces : Mt ca s trng xut hin, con tr chut chuyn t hnh mi tn sang hnh du +, thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo View Slice Forces - xem s lc tc dng trn phn t t no, di chuyn chut bn trong phn t v nhn chut tri. Kt qu lc tc dng ln mi phn t t nh hnh v :

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S hin th cc lc tc dng ln phn t t c chn i vi phng php tnh hin ti trn mt trt ti thiu. ln ca mi vect lc c hin th bn cnh mi tn v hng ca mi tn ch hng ca vect. a gic lc miu t tng hp tt c cc lc tc dng ln phn t t. a gic lc khp kn th hin s cn bng ca lc tc dng ln phn t t. Cc lc tc dng ln mi phn t t ca mt trt nguy him nht c tnh v lu trong tp c phn m rng *.FRC. - sao chp th vo Clipboard dn vo ng dng khc, chn Copy Diagram. - sao chp thng tin theo nh dng text, chn Copy Data - in hnh v, chn Print - Chn Done hoc nhn phm phi kt thc. III.4.4 V ng chu tuyn ca cc h s an ton (ng ng Kat) : - T thc n Draw, chn Contours, xut hin hp thoi Draw Contours nh hnh v :

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Nhm Data Range hin th gi tr h s an ton ln nht v nh nht cho phng php tnh hin ti. Cc gi tr mc nh ca chu tuyn c hin th trong nhm Contour Range. - thay i ng chu tuyn, nhp gi tr mi trong Increment by v Number of Contours trong nhm Contour Range. - Nhn Apply thc hin lnh v theo cc gi tr mi.

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- Nhn OK kt thc. III.4.5 Biu din kt qu trn th : xem kt qu phn tch trn th : - T thc n Draw, chn Graph, hp thoi Draw Graph xut hin nh hnh v :

Mn hnh Graph ng thi c hin th, bao gm mt th cho cc iu kin c chn nh hnh v :
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- Mun v th theo iu kin no, nhp mi tn bn phi danh sch chn. - in th, chn File > Print trong ca s Graph. - sao chp th vo Clipboard dn vo ng dng khc, chn Edit > Copy - xc nh cc tu chn khi v th, chn Set > Option, hp thoi Graph Options xut hin nh hnh v :

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- ng ca s Graph, nhp p chut vo control-menu bn gc tri hoc chn Done t Draw Graph. III.5 In bn v : - Trc khi in, phi m bo ton b bn v phi nm trong ca s. hin th ton b bn v, nhn chut ln nt Zoom Objects trn thanh cng c Zoom (Nu thanh cng c Zoom khng xut hin, chn View > Toolbars > Zoom). - Nhn chn Print, hp thoi Print xut hin nh hnh v :

- Chn OK in bn v ra my in vi cc kch thc mc nh. IV. Phn tch xc sut : Qu trnh phn tch n nh xc nh h s an ton trnh by trn da trn mt tp hp cc iu kin v tham s vt liu c nh. Thc t, iu ny khng hon ton chnh xc (cc iu kin v tham s vt liu l khng hon ton c nh), chc nng phn tch xc sut ca SLOPE/W cho php ta quan tm n nhiu loi tham s u vo khc nhau, bao gm c d liu v lp t. Mc tiu ca vic phn tch xc sut nhm xc nh xc sut ph hoi mi dc hay xc sut n nh ca mi dc. y l iu m phng php phn tch trnh by trn khng th gii quyt c.
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SLOPE/W thc hin phn tch xc sut bng phng php Monte Carlo. IV.1 Chn phng php phn tch : ch ra phng php phn tch, trong DEFINE : - T thc n KeyIn, chn Analysis Control, hp thoi KeyIn Analysis Control xut hin nh hnh v :

- Chn phng php phn tch xc sut Apply Probabilistic Analysis - Nhp s php th trong Monte Carlo Trials - Nhp tr s lch Std. Deviation trong nhm Pore-Water Pressure l 1. Cc gi tr cn li vn gi nguyn khng thay i. - Chn OK. IV.2 Nhp lch chun cho cc thng s ca cc lp t : - T thc n KeyIn, chn Soil Properties, hp thoi KeyIn Soil Properties xut hin nh hnh v :

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- Tin hnh chn ln lt tng lp t v nhp cc gi tr v lch chun cho cc thng s Unit Weight, Phi, Cohesion. - Sau khi nhp xong cho mi lp t, nhn chn Copy cp nht thay i. - Chn OK. - Lu tp d liu va cp nht. Chn SaveAs lu thnh tn mi.

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IV.3. Thc hin phn tch xc sut : - Khi ng SOLVE bng cch nhn nt Solve trn thanh cng c (xem mc 1.3.3). - Nhn nt START trn ca s SOLVE. Kt thc phn tch, h s an ton trung bnh ti mt trt nguy him nht hin th cho cc phng php khc nhau, nh hnh v :

Ch : H s an ton trung bnh s khc nhau mi khi tin hnh chy li SOLVE. Gi tr thay i ph thuc vo cc tham s u vo, s ln th Monte Carlo. Nu h s an ton khc nhau nhiu mi khi phn tch, c th tng s php th ln. IV.4 Xem kt qu phn tch xc sut : - Khi ng CONTOUR bng cch nhn nt Contour trn thanh cng c (xem mc 1.3.4). - Ca s CONTOUR xut hin s t ng m tp cn tnh ton. Kt qu tnh ton c th hin nh hnh v : Ch : H s an ton trn li tm im lun l h s an ton nh nht s dng gi tr trung bnh ca s liu u vo. N khng phi l h s an ton trung bnh ca cc php th Monte Carlo.

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IV.5 V th kt qu phn tch xc sut : - T thc n Draw, chn Probability, hp thoi Draw Probability xut hin :

Mc nh, th hm mt xc sut (Probability Density Function) v biu h s an ton cng c hin th vi s lp mc nh l 20 : - Trong # of classe thay i s lp thnh 40 v nhn Refresh, th c cp nht nh hnh v :

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Trc Frequency (%) dng ch h s an ton theo php th Monte Carlo. - xem hm phn b xc sut, nhn nt Distribution Function trong hp thoi Draw Probability, hm phn b xc sut xut hin nh hnh v :

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y l hm ch ra phn b xc sut ca cc h s an ton nh hn mt h s an ton nht nh. ng chm ch ra xc sut m h s an ton nh hn 1 (hay xc sut ph hoi). Hm phn b xc sut vi h s an ton ln hn mt gi tr nht nh c th xem bng cch nhn chn nt tng ng trong nhm Distriction Function trong hp thoi Draw Probability.

- xem cc gi tr khc ca xc sut nh gi tr trung bnh ca h s an ton, ch s tin cy, xc sut ph hoi. Chn nt Data<< t hp thoi Draw Probability. - chp th vo Cilboard nhm mc ch dn vo ng dng khc, chn Edit > Copy. - in th, chn File > Print t ca s Graph. - ng ca s d liu xc sut v ca s v th, chn Done.

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Sau khi chy chng trnh, kt qu s c h s n nh theo cc phng php phn tch trang Solve v hnh dng mt trt vi cc thng s nh bn knh cung trt trn, to tm trt,... C th xem thm chi tit hoc kt xut s liu dng bng cc file *.slp, *.fac, *.sl2, *.frc, c sinh ra khi chy chng trnh :
---------------------------------------| SUMMARY OF MINIMUM FACTORS OF SAFETY | ---------------------------------------MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM: FELLENIUS OR ORDINARY METHOD 36.7857=X-COOR. 36.7857=X-COOR. 36.5000=X-COOR. 29.5000=Y-COOR. 29.5000=Y-COOR. 28.0714=Y-COOR. 25.0000=RADIUS 25.0000=RADIUS 23.5714=RADIUS 1.286=F.S. 301=SLIP# 1.331=F.S. 301=SLIP# 1.220=F.S. 261=SLIP# MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM: BISHOP SIMPLIFIED METHOD FORCE EQUILIBRIUM: JANBU SIMPLIFIED METHOD (NO fo FACTOR)

NORMAL TERMINATION OF SLOPE Cc thng s v mt trt Center_X Center_Y Radius Slip_Surface Method 301 1 Y_R_Top Y_R_Bottom Mid_Height ============================================================================== 3.678571e+001 2.950000e+001 2.500000e+001 SL# X_Left Y_L_Top Y_L_Bottom

X_Right

===================================================================================== ======================= 1 1.366105e+001 2.000000e+001 2.000000e+001 1.449579e+001 2.000000e+001 1.817926e+001 9.584332e001 2 2.607491e+000 1.449579e+001 2.000000e+001 1.817926e+001 1.533053e+001 2.000000e+001 1.666743e+001

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3 4.005933e+000 4 5.225336e+000 5 6.387311e+000 6 7.493202e+000 SL# L_Load_X ========= 1 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.6102e-007 -1.2062e+001 1.0000e+000 2 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.6102e-007 -1.2062e+001 1.0000e+000 3 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.6102e-007 -1.2062e+001 1.0000e+000 4 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.6102e-007 -1.2062e+001 1.0000e+000 5 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 1.0000e+000 6 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 1.0000e+000 7 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 1.0000e+000 SL# Weight Pore_Water Alpha Force Fn. Seismic_F Seismic_Y Pore_Air Phi_B L_Load_Y A_Load_X A_Load_Y P_Load_X P_Load_Y A_Modifier 1.796607e+001 2.000000e+001 1.304336e+001 1.893214e+001 2.000000e+001 1.700000e+001 2.000000e+001 1.421846e+001 1.796607e+001 2.000000e+001 1.616526e+001 2.000000e+001 1.536504e+001 1.700000e+001 2.000000e+001 1.533053e+001 2.000000e+001 1.666743e+001 1.616526e+001 2.000000e+001

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1.536504e+001 1.421846e+001 1.304336e+001 1.200000e+001

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===================================================================================== ====================== 1 1.3601e+001 0.0000e+000 6.5370e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 2 3.7002e+001 0.0000e+000 6.1095e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 3 5.6846e+001 0.0000e+000 5.7343e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 4 7.4150e+001 0.0000e+000 5.3945e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 5 1.0490e+002 0.0000e+000 5.0576e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 6 1.2306e+002 0.0000e+000 4.7203e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 7 1.5595e+002 9.2320e+000 4.3875e+001 1.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 Cc thng s theo phng php phn tch : Bishop_Method_Fm= 1.331 SL# Normal_M ShearMob Applied_Lambda= 0.0000 Phi_Angle Cohesion SideLeft ShearLeft SideRight ShearRight

===================================================================================== ====================== 1 7.7464e+000 -2.4703e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 6.1706e+000 0.0000e+000 2 4.4334e+001 -3.1597e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 -6.1706e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.3867e+001 0.0000e+000 3 7.0470e+001 -3.6716e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 1.3867e+001 0.0000e+000 -4.9502e+001 0.0000e+000 4 9.0549e+001 -4.0757e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 4.9502e+001 0.0000e+000 -9.4559e+001 0.0000e+000 5 1.0833e+002 -4.6782e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 9.4559e+001 0.0000e+000 -1.4390e+002 0.0000e+000 6 1.2650e+002 -5.0632e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 1.4390e+002 0.0000e+000 -1.9743e+002 0.0000e+000 7 1.2985e+002 -9.0045e+001 3.2000e+001 3.0000e+001 1.9743e+002 0.0000e+000 -2.1501e+002 0.0000e+000 Janbu_Method_Ff= 1.222 SL# Normal_F ShearMob Applied_Lambda= 0.0000 Phi_Angle Cohesion SideLeft ShearLeft SideRight ShearRight

===================================================================================== ====================== 1 4.6597e+000 -2.5987e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000 6.1706e+000 0.0000e+000 2 4.0820e+001 -3.3369e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 -6.1706e+000 0.0000e+000 -1.3867e+001 0.0000e+000

Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W

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3 6.6773e+001 -3.8889e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 1.3867e+001 0.0000e+000 -4.9502e+001 0.0000e+000 4 8.6793e+001 -4.3273e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 4.9502e+001 0.0000e+000 -9.4559e+001 0.0000e+000 5 1.0438e+002 -4.9778e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 9.4559e+001 0.0000e+000 -1.4390e+002 0.0000e+000 6 1.2259e+002 -5.3983e+001 2.0000e+001 1.5000e+001 1.4390e+002 0.0000e+000 -1.9743e+002 0.0000e+000 7 1.2437e+002 -9.5270e+001 3.2000e+001 3.0000e+001 1.9743e+002 0.0000e+000 -2.1501e+002 0.0000e+000

B. mI DC CHN CT : Trng hp mi dc c nh gi mt n nh (v d vi phng php Bishop l K <1,4) th tin hnh gia cng mi dc, c rt nhiu phng php, k thut tng cng tnh n nh mi dc ( Xem li cc kin thc hc v ti liu lin quan), y gii thiu phng php chn ct m chng trnh c th tnh ton c. T mn hnh ho Define nhp chn loads, xut hin hp nhp nh hnh bn. Trng hp dng neo ng sut trc ( hin nay B GTVT ang trin khai dng th nghim neo OVM ) th ti nhp Max. Magnitude nhp vo ti ng sut trc, Lu rng gi tr ca ti ng sut trc khng ln hn sc chng nh gia t v ct ( xem BS. 8001-95 - n nh ni b) nhp Apply Magnitude nn chn l Variable, tc l nu c phn bu neo nm trong vng b ng ca mi dc th khng xt n nh hng phn ny. Total Length : nhp tng chiu di neo Bonded Length : nhp chiu di bu neo Direction : nhp gc neo so vi phng nm ngang hoc vo menu Draw > Anchor

Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W

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C th nhp chn im u v im cui neo trn mn hnh ho xc nh v tr, chiu di neo Mun di chuyn, xo b v tr t neo, chn nt hoc Modify > Object

Sau khi hon tt vic thit k neo, tin hnh chy chng trnh theo cc bc nh phn A xc nh li h s n nh mi, nh gi mc n nh ca mi dc sau khi chn neo. C. v d tnh ton : X l trt mi taluy trn ng H Ch Minh on Km551+630 Km551+810 * S liu a cht : + Lp 1 : t st pha ln dm sn
Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W

Trng HBK - B mn ng t & ng thnh ph

51

C=15 kPa, = 20o, = 17 kN/m3 , ka = 5.104 kN/m3, k t= 7.104 kN/m3 + Lp 2 : ct kt phong ho nng C=30 kPa, = 32o, = 19 kN/m3 , ka = 2.105 kN/m3, k t= 4.105 kN/m3 + Chiu cao mi dc H = 15 m, dc 1: 0,25, c 5m git cp 2m Tin hnh phc ho bi ton th hin nh hnh di :

H s n nh mi dc tnh theo phng php Bishop l

Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W

Trng HBK - B mn ng t & ng thnh ph

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Sau khi gia cng neo, chy chng trnh tnh c h s n nh mi l

Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W

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Hng dn s dng phn mm kim tra n nh mi dc Slope/W