R

, C
!
vC.
L=2R,

(. 1).
C
=/6 .

!
: vC
!
v!
C .
!
v*B,
:
v*B = vC!"#$ + vC!"#% = vC!"#$ + v& !"# [& / 2 - (' + $)] !
v*B = vC!"#$ + vC% (& + $) = vC [!"#$ + % (& + $)]

(1)

1
vC=v .
!
!
v*B v*A
, :
(1)

v*B = v*A = vA !"#$ ! vC [!"#$ + % (& + $)] = vA !"#$ !

vA =

vC (!"#$ + %&!"#$ + !"#&%$)

!
!"#$

vA =

vC (!"#$ + !"#$ / 2 + 3%$ / 2)

!
!"#$

vA =

vC (3!"#$ + 3%$)
2!"#$

(2)

!
vA .
:
!" =

B# R!$ + R 1/2 + 1 3
=
=
=
AB
2R
2
4

!"#$ = 1 - % 2$ = 1 - 9/16 =

7/4

(2) :
vA =

vA =

vC (3 7/4 + 3 3 / 4)
2 7/4

vC (3 7+ 3 3)
2 7

3vC ! 7+ 3)$ 3vC !

3$
=
1+
#
&
#
2 "
2 "
7 &%
7 %
P.M. fysikos

O , L
.
,
,
(2).
,
t
=t, , :
i)
ii) .
, .
: i) K
!
L, vA

(. 2).
,

,
!
!
vA vB (. 2).

!
! 2 t,
!
!
vA vB :
$ (:)
vA = ! 2 (AK) = ! 2L
% !
vB = ! 2 (BK) = ! 2 (2L"#) &

vA
1
=
!
vB 2!"

vB = 2vA !" ! vB = 2vA !"t

(1)

2

!
t. vA
, :

vA = (OA)! 2 = L!
(2) :

vB = 2L!"#!t

(2)

ii) O xM, yM
xy, :
xM = (OA)!"#$ + (AM)!"#$ &
xM = L!"#$ + (L/2)!"#$ &
' !
' !
yM = (MB)%$
yM = (L/2)%$
(
(
xM = (3L/2)!"#$ &
2xM/3L = !"#$ &
4x2M/9L2 = !"# 2$ & (+ )
' !
' !
' !
yM = (L/2)%$ (
2yM/L = %$ (
4y2M/L2 = % 2$ (
4x2M 4y2M
+ 2 =1 !
9L2
L

x2M
4y2M
+
=1
(3L/2)2 (L/2)2

(3)

H (3)
xy,
3L/2 L/2.

!
ii) O aM
t :

xM = (3L/2)!"#$ = (3L/2)!"#%t '

( !
yM = (L/2)&$ = (L/2)&%t
)
dxM/dt = - (3L! /2)"!t &
' !
dyM/dt = (L!/2)#$%!t (

d2xM/dt2 = - (3L! 2 /2)"#$!t &

' !
d2yM/dt2 = -(L! 2/2)%!t (

aM,x = - (3L! 2 /2)"#$!t &

'
aM,y = -(L! 2/2)%!t (

(4)

! !
E i , j x y ,
:

!
! (4) !
!
!
!
aM = aM,x i + aM,y j ! aM = - (3L! 2 /2)"#$!t i - (L! 2/2)%!t j !

!
!
!
!
!
!
aM = -! 2 [(3L/2)"#$!t i + (L/2)%!t j ] ! aM = -! 2 (xM i + yM j) !
!
aM = -! 2 (OM)

(5)

H (5)
(OM ,
.
P.M. fysikos
M ,
. M
m , ,
. K
!
v0
, (3).
i)
, .
ii) N
,
.
O .
YH: i)
, .
!
v0 , , =/6
, .

! t
FA
,
t

 .
, ,
:

mv0(! ) = mvA (! ) ! vA (! ) = v0(! ) = v0"#$%

(1)

!
!
v0(! ) , vA (! )
!
, . FA

!
!
v0(! ) vA (! ) ,
,
:
1= -

vA (! ) - (-vB(! ) )
v
+ vB"#
! 1 = - A (! )
-v0(! ) - 0
-v0$%&#

-v0!"#$ = -vA (% ) - vB&$ ! v0!"#$ = vA (% ) + vB&$

(2)

!
vB(! )
, . t
! (
T )


t, :

0 + 0 = mvA (! )"#$% + mvA (! )&% - mvB !

vB = v0!" #$%" + vA (& )!"

(3)

(2), (3) :

vB = v0!" #$%" + (v0#$%" - vB!" )!" !

vB + vB! 2" = 2v0!" #$%" ! vB (1 + ! 2" ) = v0! 2" !
vB =

v0! 2"
1 + ! 2"

(4)

ii) E -
t :
(3)

mvA (! ) = -mv0(! ) + FA "t ! FA !t = m(vA (" ) + v0(" ) ) !

(4)

! F! A = m(vB /"# - v0 $%&# + v0 $%&#) = mvB /"# !

! F! A =

2mv0"#$%
1 + & 2%

(5)

,
, :

0 = 0 + T!t - FB"#$% !t ! T!t = FB !t"#$% !

(5)

! T! = ! F! B "#$% = ! F! A "#$% ! ! F! A =

2mv0"#$ 2%
1 + & 2%
P.M. fysikos

, (5).

! ,
v ! .
v
.
xy :

y = px2

!
p . g
.

:
, x y
! xy.
w !
!
!
w! w! , A
, ,


!
F,
!
w! (. 5),
,
! !
. A w!
, :

w! - A = mv2 /R ! w!"#$ - A = mv2 /R !

A = m(g!"#$ - v2 /R)

(1)

!
v ,
R .

:
!"" = dy/dx = 2px

(2)

A :
!"#$ =

(2)

1
1 + %$ 2$

! !"#$ =

1
1 + 4p2x2

(1 + 4p x )
2

1/2

(3)

R :

[1 + (dy/dx) ]
R=
2

d2y / dx2

3/2

(2)

(1 + 4p x )
R=
2

3/2

2p

(1), (3) (4) :

(4)

A=

mg

(1 + 4p x )
2

1/2

2pmv2

(1 + 4p x )
2

(5)

3/2

x(- ! , + ! ) :
(5)

A >0 !

mg
1 + 4p2x2

mg

(1 + 4p x )
2

1/2

>

1/2

2pmv2
1 + 4p2x2

2pmv2

(1 + 4p x )
2

3/2

g + 4gp2x2 > 2pv2 ! x2 >

3/2

> 0 !

2pv2
! g>
!
1 + 4p2x2

v2
1
2gp 4p2

(6)

v2
1
v2
1
g
< 0
<
v2 <
v<
2
2
2gp 4p
2gp 4p
2p

g
2p

(6) x(- ! , + ! )
.
1: :

v2
1
=
v=
2gp 4p2

g
2p

=0 x=0,
. A v> g/2p ,
0(x0,y0) =0 (5) :

mg
1 + 4p2x20

1/2

2pmv2
1 + 4p2x20

g + 4gp2x20 = 2pv2

3/2

! x20 =

2pv2
! g=
1 + 4p2x20

v2
1
1 ! v2
1$
!
x
=

0
#
2
2gp 4p
2p " g 2p&%

2:

:
)
!
!
a a!

!
!
!
| a! | =| a | = v2/R ! R = v2/| a |

()

!
r
)
! ! t
i , j x, Oy ,
:
!
!
!
!
!
(II)
r = x i + y j = x i + px2 j
() t
t, :

!
!
!
!
!
v
dr
! dr
! dr dr ! dx$ dr
v=
=
vx =
v'()* ! v =
# & =
dx 1 + 4p2x2
dt dx " dt % dx
dx

!
v=

( i + 2px j) v
(1 + 4p x )
2

!
! v=

1/2

!
vi
1 + 4p2x2

1/2

1/2

!
2pvx j
1 + 4p2x2

(III)

1/2

(I)
t, :

!
!
!
!
!
v
dv
! dv
! dv dv ! dx$ dv
a=
=
vx =
v'()* ! a =
# & =
dx 1 + 4p2x2
dt dx " dt % dx
dx

!
!
d #
i
!
a=
dx # 1 + 4p2x2
"

1/2

!
2px j

$
v2
&
+
1/2
& 1 + 4p2x2
1 + 4p2x2
%

1/2

1/2

(IV)

! ! (IV),
a ()
R.
P.M. fysikos

M m1,
k,
m2,
(6). T
,
.


.

.
!
g .

YH:
m2g/k
1, 2.

!
t x1
!
x2.

m2g/k+x1-x2,
!
F1 :

F1 = -k(m1g!" /k + x1 - x2 ) = -m1g!" - k(x1 - x2 )

(1)

!
To w1 ,
!
!
w'1 w1''
!
N .
:
(1)
d2x1
m1
= F1 + m1g!" !
dt2

m1

d2x1
= - m1g!" - k(x1 - x2 ) + m1g!" !
dt2

m1

d2x1
+ k(x1 - x2 ) = 0
dt2

(2)

E
g,

:
d2x1
d2x2
m1
+ m2
= (m1 + m2 )g!"
dt2
dt2

(2) (3) :

(3)

d2x2
-k(x1 - x2 ) + m2
= (m1 + m2 )g!" !
dt2
m2

d2x2
+ k(x2 - x1 ) = (m1 + m2 )g!"
dt2

(4)

(3) (4)

.
(2) m1 (4) m2
, :
! d2x1
$ (m1 + m2 )
d2x2
k
k
+
(x
x
)
+
(x1 - x2 )& =
g'( !
#
2
1
2
2
m2
m1
m2
dt
" dt
%

! k
d2x2 d2x1
k $ (m1 + m2 )
+ (x2 - x1 )#
+
g'( !
& =
2
2
m2
" m2 m1 %
dt
dt
! m + m1 $
d2 (x2 - x1 )
(m1 + m2 )
+ k# 1
g'(
& (x2 - x1 ) =
2
m2
" m1m2 %
dt

(5)

x2-x1=z (5) :

! m + m1 $
d2z
(m1 + m2 )
+ k# 1
g'( !
&z =
2
m2
" m1m2 %
dt

d2z
+ ! 2z = "
dt2

(6)

" m + m2 %
(m1 + m2 )
! 2 = k$ 1
g"#
' ! =
m2
# m1m2 &
(6)
:

z = ! /" 2 + z0# ("t + $) ! x2 - x1 = ! /" 2 + z0# ("t + $)

(7)

z0,
. (7)
:
dx2 dx1
= z0!"#$(!t + %)
dt
dt

t=0 x2=x1=0 dx2/dt=dx1/dt=0, (7) (8) :

0 = ! / " 2 + z0#$ (
z0!" = -# / $ 2 (
) !
) !
0 = z0"%&'$
%&'" = 0
*
*

(8)

z0!" / 2 = -# / $ 2 &
z0 = -! / " 2 %
' !
&
% = " /2
# = $ /2 '
(

(7) :
x2 - x1 =

! !
!
- 2 # ("t + $ / 2) ! x2 - x1 = 2 (1 - #$%"t)
2
" "
"

(9)

H (2) (9) :
m1

d2x1 k!
- 2 (1 - #$%"t) = 0 !
dt2
"

d2x1
k!
=
(1 - #$%"t)
2
dt
m1" 2

dx1
k! $
#"t'
=t) + C1 !
2 &
dt
" (
m1" %

dx1
k! $
#"t'
=t)
2 &
dt
" (
m1" %

(10)

H C1 , t=0 dx1/dt=0.
(10) :
x1 =

k! & t2 #$%"t)
( +
+ + C2
m1" 2 ' 2
"2 *

(11)

H C2 ,
t=0 x1=0, (11) :

0=

k!
k!
+ C2 ! C2 = 4
m1"
m1" 4

(11) :
x1 =

k! & t2 #$%"t)
k!
!
+
(
+
m1" 2 ' 2
" 2 * m1" 4

k!
k!t2
x1 =
-1 + #$%"t +
m1" 4
2m1" 2

x1 =

m1m2g!"
g!" 2
-1 + #$%&t +
t
k(m1 + m2 )
2

(12)

(9) (12)
:

x2 =

m12g!"
g!" 2
1 - #$%&t +
t
k(m1 + m2 )
2

(13)

 (12) (13)
.
P.M. fysikos