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IP Addressing

Two Versions of Addressing Scheme IP version 4 IP version 6 32 bit addressing 128 bit addressing

IP Address Classes

Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided into 5 Classes CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E Multicasting Research & Development
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LAN & WAN

Priority Bit Concept

To identify the range of each class a bit called priority bit is used. Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First Octet CLASS A priority bit is CLASS B priority bit is CLASS C priority bit is CLASS D priority bit is CLASS E priority bit is 0 10 110 1110 1111
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Class Ranges

CLASS A Range 0.0.0.0

- 127.255.255.255

CLASS B Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 CLASS C Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 CLASS D Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 CLASS E Range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

Octet Format

IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion CLASS A is written as CLASS B is written as CLASS C is written as

N.H.H.H N.N.H.H N.N.N.H

Logical Topologies

Workgroup Model or Peer-To-Peer Model

Domain Model or Client/Server Model

Peer-to-Peer Network Model

Sys1 Os: win XP User: u1

Sys2 Os: win 2k User: u2

Sys3 Os: win 98 User: u3

Sys4 Os: win NT User: u4

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Client/Server Network Model

Client1 U1 U2 U3 U4 Server Client2

Printer

Client3
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Advantages

Peer-to-peer Network Less expensive to implement. Does not require additional specialized network administration software Does not require a dedicated network administrator

Client / Server Network Provides better security Easier to administer when the network is large because administration is centralized. All data can be backed up from one central location.
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Disadvantages

Peer-to-peer Network If network is large administration becomes unmanageable. Each user must be trained to perform administrative tasks. Less Secure

Client / Server Network Requires expensive more powerful hardware for server. Requires a professional administrator Has a single point of failure. User data is inaccessible if server is down.
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What Is Active Directory?

Active Directory is a Directory Service which contains Information of All User Accounts and Shared Resources on a Network. Active Directory is a Centralized Hierarchical Directory Database Active Directory Directory

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What Does Active Directory Do ?

Centralizes control of Network Resources Centralizes & Decentralizes resource management Stores objects securely in a logical structure Optimizes Network traffic

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PURPOSE OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Provides User Logon and Authentication Services using Kerberos To organize and manage: User Accounts Computers Groups Network Resources Enables authorized Users to easily locate Network Resources
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FEATURES OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY Fully Integrated Security Easy Administration using Group Policy Scalable to any Size Network Flexible NEW FEATURES IN ACTIVE DIRECTORY 2003 Rename Computer Name and Domain Names Cross-Forest Trust Relationship Site-To-Site Replication is Faster

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How Directory Service Evolved

Earlier we had no DATABASE Standard So ITU (International Telecommunications Union) &ISO (International Organization for Standardization) introduced X.500
Directory System Agent (DSA)

DOP
Backup Server

Directory Organization Management Protocol

Directory Info Base (DIB) Directory Info Tree (DIT) Server

DAP

Client (Directory User Agent)

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DAP & LDAP

DAP Directory Access Protocol is based on OSI Layers It was first introduced in BANYAN VINES & Database was named as STREET TALK. LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol based on TCP/IP Layer It was first Introduced in NOVELL & Database was named as NDS (Network Directory Services)
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Structure of Active Directory

Logical Structure

Physical Structure

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Logical Structure of Active Directory

Domain TREE Parent/Root Child/Branch Forest

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Domain

Domain is a logical secure administrative boundary Creating the initial domain controller in a network also creates the domain you cannot have a domain without

at least one domain controller. Each domain in the directory is identified by a DNS domain name.

ZOOM.COM
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