B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG ***&***

HNG DN CHI TIT BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG D N KHAI THC BAUXIT (D tho)

H NI - 2009 1

LI NI U Vit Nam c ngun ti nguyn bauxit thuc loi ln trn th gii. Tr lng xc nh v d bo khong 5,4 t tn, ch yu tp trung khu vc Ty Nguyn. y c nh gi l ngun lc quan trng thc y s pht trin kinh t-x hi v gp phn n nh tnh hnh an ninh-chnh tr ca ca t nc, c bit i vi Ty Nguyn. Vic xy dng v pht trin ngnh cng nghip khai thc bauxit, sn xut alumin-nhm l bc c th thc hin Ngh quyt i hi X ca ng, do vy c B Chnh tr v Chnh ph rt quan tm, ch o st sao. C th ni vic pht trin ngnh cng nghip khai thc bauxit, sn xut alumina v nhm kim loi c nghin cu, cn nhc v quyt nh thn trng, ph hp vi ch trng ca ng v Chnh ph, p ng nguyn vng ca ng bo cc dn tc Ty Nguyn trn nguyn tc: Pht trin cng nghip khai thc v ch bin khong sn bauxit phi ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng v vng min; m bo khai thc v s dng ti nguyn hp l v tit kim, c hiu qu kinh t, an sinh x hi v bo v c mi trng sinh thi; Cng nghip khai thc, ch bin phi hin i v thn thin vi mi trng; Cc doanh nghip trong nc phi nm gi c phn chi phi m bo s ch ng v pht trin bn vng, tham gia vo th trng alumin v nhm th gii. Tuy nhin, khai thc ch bin bauxit l mt ngnh cng nghip mi m i vi nc ta, nht l trong lnh vc bo v mi trng. Nh tt c cc khong sn khc, khai thc v ch bin bauxit khng th trnh khi gy ra nhng tc hi mi trng. Do , cn phi c nh gi tc ng mi trng v c phng php qun l mi trng cht ch hn ch v khc phc ti mc cn thit cc tc ng tiu cc lm suy thoi mi trng v nh hng n an sinh x hi. tip cn ng n vn tc ng mi trng trong khai thc v ch bin bauxit Vit Nam, trc ht cn nhn din y cc hot ng pht trin ca qu trnh khai thc, ch bin bauxit cng nh ngun pht thi cc cht gy nhim t cc hot ng ni trn. Khi nh gi tc ng mi trng, khng ch vch ra mt chiu nhng tc hi, m cn phi nh gi ng mc kh nng thc t khc phc v gim thiu nhng tc hi . Cn nh gi v kt lun cc vn trn c s kt qu tnh ton nh lng mt cch h thng cho tng d n v i tng c th. Vi mc ch , chng ti bin son bn hng dn chi tit v nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n khai thc v ch bin (tuyn) qung bauxit. Bn hng dn c lp trn nguyn tc tp trung vo nhng hng dn mang tnh k thut cho vic lp bo co TM p dng i vi loi hnh d n Khai thc-Ch bin bauxit Vit Nam, lm ti liu tham kho cho cc i tng c lin quan trong lnh vc bo v mi trng trong khai thc m (ch d n, c quan ti tr d n, cng ng chu tc ng tiu cc bi d n, cc t chc, c nhn tham gia lp bo 2

co TM, cc c quan, t chc tham gia thm nh bo co TM, kim tra, gim st vic thc thi cc bin php bo v mi trng ca d n v cc i tng khc c lin quan). Hng dn c xy dng vi s kt hp ca nhng kinh nghim thc t thc hin TM i vi cc d n Khai thc m ni chung v khai thc bauxit ni ring Vit Nam trong thi gian qua k t khi c Lut Bo v mi trng nm 1993. Bn hng dn c xy dng trn c s Lut Bo v mi trng, Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP v cc vn bn php quy c lin quan khc. Bn hng dn s gii thiu chi tit cc ni dung k thut c bn ca mt bo co TM i vi d n khai thc ch bin bauxit theo cu trc v yu cu v ni dung quy nh ti ph lc 4, Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Trong qu trnh thc hin, p dng vo thc t nu c kh khn, vng mc xin kp thi phn nh v Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng Tng cc Mi trng, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. a ch: Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng- Tng cc Mi trng, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, 83- Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni. in thoi: (04) 773 42 47 Fax : E-mail :

MC LC

DANH MC CC CH VIT TT

BVMT TM KT-XH QCVN TCVN UBND UBMTTQ WB WHO

Bo v mi trng nh gi tc ng mi trng Kinh t - x hi Quy chun Vit Nam Tiu chun Vit Nam U ban Nhn dn U ban Mt trn T quc (World Bank) Ngn hng Th gii (World Health Organization) T chc Y t Th gii

PHN I NHNG VN CHUNG 1.1. M u Cng nh mi hot ng khai thc khong sn khc, vic trin khai cc d n khai thc ch bin bauxit ni chung v bauxit Ty Nguyn ni ring, bn cnh nhng tc ng tch cc nh hng nm ng gp vo GDP hng trm t ng; to cng n vic lm cho hng ngn lao ng; nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn cng nh trnh dn tr cho mt s cng ng dn c, c bit l vng su, vng xa nh Ty Nguyn, gp phn y nhanh tin trnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc, th cng gy ra nhng tc ng xu ti mi trng nh : - Lm bin dng a mo v cnh quan khu vc do o, p, thi t , cht ph cy rng, xy dng nh my, ... - Thu hp din tch t trng trt v t rng do m khai trng, xy dng bi thi t , h cha qung ui ca nh my tuyn, ... v cc cng trnh ph tr. - Lm nh hng n iu kin thi tit kh hu khu vc do din tch thm thc vt b thu hp. - Lm bn nc v t ai quanh m do ho cht s dng, nc thi t m, qung ui sau tuyn, rc thi cng nghip v sinh hot, ... - Pht thi bi v kh c hi vo khng kh t cc hot ng khoan, n mn (nu c), vn ti, xc bc, thi, nghin p qung, v hot ng ca cc thit b dng ng c izen. - Lm nh hng ti tnh a dng sinh hc (ng thc vt trn cn di nc) trong khu vc do tt c cc hot ng pht trin ca d n. - Xo trn i sng kinh t, x hi, phong tc, tp qun ca nhn dn bn a, c bit l ng bo cc dn tc t ngi. c bit, i vi cc d n khai thc v ch bin bauxit cn lm pht sinh mt lng ln bn c cha cc cht c hi c th tc ng xu ti mi trng. Ngy 27 thng 12 nm 1993 k hp th t kha IX Quc hi thng qua lut bo v Mi trng v ngy 20 thng 3 nm 1996, k hp th 9 kha IX Quc hi thng qua Lut Khong sn. Tip theo l cc Ngh nh, Thng t, TCVN v cc vn bn khc ca Chnh ph, cc B, cc Ngnh nhm hng dn chi tit vic thc hin cc lut trn. 6

Nm 2005, Quc hi thng qua Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Lut Khong sn cho ph hp vi iu kin tnh hnh pht trin mi ca t nc. Tip , ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2005 Ch tch nc cng b Sc lnh s 29/2005/L/CTN v Lut Bo v Mi trng (b sung, sa i Lut Bo v mi trng 1993) c Quc hi thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v ngy 9/8/2006 Th tng Chnh ph k Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP nhm quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut BVMT 2005 ; mt s iu ca Ngh nh ny c b sung, iu chnh trong Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008. Vn nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi mi trng v cam kt BVMT theo tinh thn ca Lut BVMT c hng dn chi tit trong Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng Theo tinh thn ca iu 24 Lut BVMT v Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP th cc d n hot ng khai thc khong sn sau y phi tin hnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM): D n khai thc khong sn (trn t lin) lm vt Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3 61 liu xy dng vt liu/nm tr ln D n khai thc khong sn lm vt liu san lp Cng sut khai thc t 62 mt bng 100.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln D n khai thc, no vt tn thu khong sn lng Cng sut t 50.000 m3 vt 63 liu/nm tr ln sng lm vt liu xy dng C khi lng m (bao gm D n khai thc khong sn rn (khng s dng ho 64 khong sn v t thi) t cht) 100.000 m3/nm tr ln D n khai thc, ch bin khong sn rn c cha 65 Tt c cc cht c hi hoc c s dng ho cht - Cng sut thit k t 50.000 tn sn phm/nm tr ln 66 D n ch bin khong sn rn - C lng t thi ra t 500.000 tn/nm tr ln i vi tuyn than D n khai thc khong sn (trn t lin) lm vt Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3 61 vt liu/nm tr ln liu xy dng D n khai thc khong sn lm vt liu san lp Cng sut khai thc t 62 mt bng 100.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln D n khai thc, no vt tn thu khong sn lng Cng sut t 50.000 m3 vt 63 liu/nm tr ln sng lm vt liu xy dng 64 D n khai thc khong sn rn (khng s dng C khi lng m (bao gm 7

ho cht) 65 D n khai thc, ch bin khong sn rn c cha cc cht c hi hoc c s dng ho cht D n ch bin khong sn rn D n khai thc khong sn (trn t lin) lm vt liu xy dng D n khai thc khong sn lm vt liu san lp mt bng D n khai thc, no vt tn thu khong sn lng sng lm vt liu xy dng D n khai thc khong sn rn (khng s dng ho cht) D n khai thc, ch bin khong sn rn c cha cc cht c hi hoc c s dng ho cht D n ch bin khong sn rn D n khai thc khong sn (trn t lin) lm vt liu xy dng D n khai thc khong sn lm vt liu san lp mt bng D n khai thc, no vt tn thu khong sn lng sng lm vt liu xy dng D n khai thc khong sn rn (khng s dng ho cht) D n khai thc, ch bin khong sn rn c cha cc cht c hi hoc c s dng ho cht D n ch bin khong sn rn

khong sn v t thi) t 100.000 m3/nm tr ln Tt c - Cng sut thit k t 50.000 tn sn phm/nm tr ln - C lng t thi ra t 500.000 tn/nm tr ln i vi tuyn than Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln Cng sut khai thc t 100.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln Cng sut t 50.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln C khi lng m (bao gm khong sn v t thi) t 100.000 m3/nm tr ln Tt c - Cng sut thit k t 50.000 tn sn phm/nm tr ln - C lng t thi ra t 500.000 tn/nm tr ln i vi tuyn than Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln Cng sut khai thc t 100.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln Cng sut t 50.000 m3 vt liu/nm tr ln C khi lng m (bao gm khong sn v t thi) t 100.000 m3/nm tr ln Tt c - Cng sut thit k t 50.000 tn sn phm/nm tr ln - C lng t thi ra t

66

61 62 63 64 65

66

61 62 63 64 65 66

500.000 tn/nm tr ln i vi tuyn than

Cc d n khai thc ch bin bauxit hu ht u phi chu tc ng ca iu lut ny do khng ch c khi lng m khai thc hng nm t mt vi triu m3 tr ln, m cn s dng mt din tch t ai kh ln m khai trng v lm h thi qung ui, mt khi lng nc ng k tuyn ra qung, c nguy c lm suy thoi ti nguyn rng, ti nguyn nc khu vc, c s dng ho cht c hi trong qu trnh gia cng ch bin,.... l c th ca d n khai thc ch bin bauxit, khng ging cc d n khai thc khong sn thng thng khc. Bn hng dn ny ch tp trung vo hng dn k thut thc hin v lp bo co TM i vi d n khai thc bauxit, khng c cng on ch bin thnh alumin. 1.2. Cc phng php TM s dng trong khi lp Bo co TM. Trn thc t, kh c th c mt phng php tip cn no tha mn y cc yu cu v cht lng ca mt TM cho mt i tng nh gi c th, m thng phi kt hp mt s phng php vi nhau. Vic kt hp nhiu phng php tip cn khi tin hnh TM cho mt d n l ht sc cn thit, v n ph hp vi yu cu v c im ca tng ni dung trong TM. i vi cc d n khai thc ch bin bauxit, vic nh gi tc ng mi trng c th tin hnh bng cch s dng kt hp mt s trong cc phng php sau y: Phng php lit k.

Phng php ma trn. Phng php mng li. Phng php so snh. Phng php chuyn gia. Phng php nh gi nhanh. Phng php nghin cu, kho st thc a. Phng php GIS Phng php m hnh ho. Phng php phn tch chi ph, li ch.

1.3. Ni dung ca Bo co TM. Ni dung c bn ca bo co TM l d bo, nh gi nhng tc ng tim tng tch cc v tiu cc, trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn m vic thc hin d n khai thc ct c th gy ra cho mi trng. Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, xut nhng bin php gim thiu (bao gm qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc ca d n n mi trng. Cn c vo cc quy nh trong iu 25 - Lut BVMT v cc hng dn trong Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng th ngoi cc thng tin v Ch u t, ni dung Bo co TM ca d n khai thc ch bin bauxit, ngoi phn m u v phn kt lun, cn c cc ni dung ch yu sau: 1) Gii thiu tm lc v d n, bao gm: tn d n, a im thc hin, quy m hot ng, cng ngh v phng tin thit b s dng, nhu cu nguyn nhin liu, nng lng, cc ch tiu kinh t ch yu ca d n. 2) Hin trng mi trng ni thc hin d n ( iu kin giao thng, a l, a cht ,a cht cng trnh v thu vn khu vc; cht lng t, nc, khng kh; ng thc vt trn cn, di nc; iu kin kinh t-x hi khu vc thc hin d n). 3) Tc ng ca d n khi a vo thc hin ti cc thnh phn mi trng nh t, nc, khng kh, ng thc vt trn cn, di nc; tc ng ti cnh quan khu vc, kinh t x hi,... trong qu trnh hot ng pht trin ca d n. 4) Cc bin php nhm gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng nh vn x l cht thi, x l cc tc ng ti cnh quan khu vc, ti kinh t x hi,... 5) D n cn c cng khai, minh bch v c s ng gp kin ca cng ng khu vc tin hnh d n, c bit phn cc gii php phng chng nhim mi trng m Ch u t xut trong bo co TM cng nh nhng kin phn hi ca Ch u t i vi cc kin ny. 6) Phn cam kt ca Ch u t c t cui ca phn kt lun v kin ngh. Trong ni dung ny, Ch u t phi nhc li nhng cam kt v gii php v cng trnh BVMT, cc nhim v kinh t v BVMT, trch nhim quan trc v gim st mi trng v tun th cc quy nh khc ca php lut v bo v mi trng. 1.4. Nhng quy nh chung v Bn Bo co TM 1. Bo co TM ca cc d n khai thc khong sn bng phng php l thin phi do cc c quan c t cch php nhn (theo iu 8 Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP quy nh) lp. C quan ng tn bo co l Ch u t ca D n.

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2. u bo co (sau trang ba lt) phi c cc bng k: t vit tt, bng biu v cc bn v. 3. Cc d liu, s liu v cc thng tin quan trng s dng trong bo co phi ghi r ngun gc, nh du ti liu tham kho. Cc s liu o c phi ghi r ngy, gi, a im o v thit b s dng. Cc s liu th nghim phi do cc phng th nghim c iu kin k thut tin hnh phn tch v phi ghi r thi gian thc hin, nhn vin th nghim, ngi chu trch nhim (c k tn v ng du ti). 4. Cc bng thng k s liu, thng k d liu; cc ni dung tnh ton chi tit, rm r; cc s liu kt qu th nghim; cc bn k khai, iu tra; cc bin bn, vn bn php l i km vi d n; phi a vo phn ph lc. Nu phn ph lc c khi lng ln th khng ng km vo bo co m ng thnh tp ring. 5. Trong phn m u ca bo co cn gii thiu chung v d n, mc ch ca bo co TM, c s (php l v k thut) lp bo co v cch t chc thc hin bo co. 6. Trong bn Bo co cn s dng cc biu , s v hnh v minh ho nhng ni dung cn thit. 7. Ti liu tham kho c t cui bn Bo co. Cc ti liu c thng k sp xp theo trnh t: ting Vit, cc ting dng Latinh v cui cng l ting Nga. 8. Cc bn v km theo bo co bao gm: - Bn Tng mt bng khu vc d n, th hin r v tr khai trng, bi thi; mt bng cng nghip v cc cng trnh ph tr ca d n; h thng giao thng vn ti, sng sui, ...v cc i tng khc chu tc ng ca d n; - Bn kt thc m; - Bn v tr ly mu t, nc ngm, nc mt v khng kh; - Bn b tr cc cng trnh bo v mi trng: h thng ngn nc v thot nc m, cc cng trnh x l nc thi, chn tri lp t thi, b k chng trt l, di cy xanh chng bi v n,...(c km v trch cc chi tit, nu cn). - Bn ci to v phc hi mi trng. (Tu theo din tch s dng ca d n v quy m cc cng trnh m la chn t l bn cho hp l, nhng phi m bo r rng v d c, thng thng trnh by trn kh giy A1 v khi cn c th ln hn nhng khng nn ln hn A0).

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PHN II CU TRC V YU CU NI DUNG CA BN BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG D N KHAI THC BAUXIT

Yu cu chung: Ngoi nhng thng tin chung v tn ca d n, ca c quan doanh nghip ch d n, a ch lin h, ngi ng u ca ch d n,... bn Bo co TM ca d n khai thc bauxit cn m t s lc v d n mt cch xc tch, r rng, y bng ngn ng k thut, d hiu v cn c minh ho bng nhng s liu, biu bng, s , bn t l thch hp c th c c; Phi nu y c nhng nhng tc ng tiu cc ca hot ng d n ti mi trng mt cch khoa hc, st thc, nh lng (khi c th); Nhng gii php gim thiu xut phi c tnh kh thi, ph hp vi iu kin kinh t-k thut c th ca d n v kt qu sau x l phi p ng c cc tiu chun cho php v BVMT, phi m bo trnh c cc s c mi trng v s mt an ton ng tic xy ra.

M U 1. Xut x ca d n Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i ca d n u t, trong nu r l loi d n mi, d n b sung, d n m rng, d n nng cp hay d n loi khc. Cn nu r c quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t, d n c nm trong khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut hay khng? Nu c th nu y tn gi v nh km bn sao cc vn bn sau vo Ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng: + Quyt nh ph duyt (nu c) bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n u t xy dng kt cu h tng ca khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut do c quan c thm quyn cp; + Vn bn xc nhn (nu c) thc hin/hon thnh cc ni dung ca bo co v yu cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do c quan c thm quyn cp (i vi trng hp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao c ph duyt sau ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2006). 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng (Theo ng Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT): 12

- Lit k cc vn bn php lut v vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca d n, trong nu y , chnh xc m s, tn, ngy ban hnh, c quan ban hnh ca tng vn bn. - Lit k cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng bao gm cc Tiu chun Vit Nam, Quy chun Vit Nam v mi trng; tiu chun, quy chun ngnh; cc tiu chun, quy chun quc t hoc cc tiu chun, quy chun khc c nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n. - Lit k cc ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng (tn gi, xut x thi gian, tc gi, ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu), bao gm: + Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho; V d: nh gi tc ng mi trng, 2003.Phm Ngc H, Hong Xun C. NXB i hc Quc Gia H Ni. Bo co nh gi s b tc ng mi trng ca d n tin kh thi t hp bauxit- nhm Lm ng, 1998. ng Trung Thun v L Trn Chn. + Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp (Bo co nghin cu tin kh thi; Bo co nghin cu kh thi; D n; Thit k c s;...). 3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM (Theo ng Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT): Lit k y cc phng php s dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM v lp bo co TM. Cc phng php c bn thng c dng trong qu trnh xy dng bo co TM d n khai thc bauxit l: 1. Phng php kho st thc a nhm c c nhng hiu bit y v iu kin t nhin, k thut c th ca khu vc tin hnh d n c th a ra nhng nhn xt, nh gi chnh xc v cc tc ng gy ra bi cc hot ng pht trin ca d n i vi cc i tng mi trng khc nhau, trn c s cc i sch xut trong bo co TM c tnh kh thi cao hn. 2. Phng php o c, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng nn nh khng kh, nc, t, n ti khu vc d n. 3. Phng php iu tra x hi hc c s dng trong qu trnh tham vn kin cng ng a phng v vic trin khai d n, da trn phng vn nhn dn v s dng cc ti liu bo co hng nm ca a phng nhm thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t- x hi trong khu vc.... 4. Phng php k tha nhm s dng ngun s liu tng hp ly t kt qu

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nghin cu ca cc ti khoa hc; cc d n khc c tnh tng ng v cng ngh; cc kt qu nghin cu, quan trc, o c ca cc c quan chc nng v cc vn c lin quan nh kh tng, thu vn, cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin,.... 5. Phng php nh gi nhanh c tin hnh trn c s cc h s nhim, cc m hnh tnh ton do t chc Y t Th gii (WTO) thit lp nh lng nhanh hu qu nhim do cc hot ng pht trin ca d n gy ra khi khng c iu kin o c trc tip. Thng s dng khi nh gi nhim mi trng khng kh (khi, kh thi, bi, n,...). 6. Phng php ma trn thng c s dng trong phn nh gi tc ng mi trng tng hp, nhm pht hin nhng hot ng pht trin ca d n gy ra hu qu tch cc v tiu cc ln nht, nhng yu t mi trng chu tc ng ca d n ln nht c nhng i sch kim sot thch hp. 4. T chc thc hin TM (Theo ng Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT): - Nu tm tt v vic t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n, trong ch r vic c thu hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM. Trng hp c thu dch v t vn, nu r tn c quan cung cp dch v; h v tn ngi ng u c quan cung cp dch v; a ch lin h ca c quan cung cp dch v; - Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM ca d n (bao gm cc thnh vin ca ch d n v cc thnh vin ca c quan t vn, nu r hc v, chuyn ngnh o to ca tng thnh vin).

Chng 1: M T TM TT D N 1.1. TN D N Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co u t (d n u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n). Th d : Tn D n : u t khai thc ch bin M Bauxit X, x...., huyn ..., tnh .... 1.2. CH D N Nu y : tn ca c quan ch d n, a ch v phng tin lin h vi c quan ch d n; h tn v chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n.Th d : 14

Tn ch u t : Cng ty C phn Khong sn Ty . Gim c : ng Nguyn Vn A. a ch : S .... , ng Nguyn Tt Thnh, thnh ph Bun Ma Thut, tnh k Lk. in thoi : in thoi c nh : (0500) 3. ....; Fax : (0500) 3. .... 1.3. V TR A L CA D N M t r rng v tr a l (gm c ta theo quy chun hin hnh, ranh gii ) ca a im thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng ng giao thng; h thng sng sui, ao h v cc vc nc khc; h thng i ni ...), cc i tng kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut - kinh doanh - dch v, cc cng trnh vn ho - tn gio, cc di tch lch s ...) v cc i tng khc xung quanh khu vc d n, km theo s v tr a l th hin cc i tng ny, c ch gii r rng. Cc mc khng ch ca khu vc khai thc v khu vc xy dng nh my tuyn qung cn c y to theo h UTM v theo h VN 2000 ghi trong bng 1.1 v 1.2.
Bng 1.1 - To cc im gc khu vc khai thc bauxit im 1 2 ... ... ... ... ... H ta UTM X(m) Y(m) H ta VN2000 X(m) Y(m)

Bng 1.2 - To cc im gc khu vc nh my tuyn qung im 1 2 ... H ta UTM X(m) Y(m) H ta VN2000 X(m) Y(m)

...

...

...

...

1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
Yu cu chung : M t chi tit v y v quy m v cng sut d n cng nh cc hng mc cng trnh chnh v ph ca d n, km theo bn tng mt bng b tr cc hng mc cng trnh ca .

15

M t c th cng ngh v thit b khai thc, km theo s minh ha.Tng hp nhu cu s dng nng lng v vt t k thut hng nm ca d n . M t chi tit v tin thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n v tin thi cng xy dng m cng nh vn t chc qun l v thc hin d n. Gii thiu y cc ch tiu kinh t ch yu ca d n.

1.4.1. Quy m d n a) Bin gii m : Tu theo iu kin c th ca khong sng v cu to thn khong, a hnh v a im phn b v cht lng qung khoanh nh bin gii m theo : - Khi tr lng c ph duyt ; - iu kin a hnh khai thc cho php ; - Hm lng bin ca qung. - So snh h s bc bin gii, h s bc trung bnh vi h s bc gii hn. b) Tr lng m : Cn c vo bin gii khai thc c cp php, kt qu thm d, hm lng cng nghip nh nht (CN) v hm lng bin (CN), tin hnh tnh ton tr lng qung (bauxit) cn i ca m. Cn ch , ch cc khi tr lng c cp 111, 121 v 122 mi c a vo cn i, phn ti nguyn cn li (nu c) trong bin gii cp php ch tin hnh thng k c k hoch thm d b sung nng cp sau ny. c) Sn lng m : Xut pht t nhu cu sn lng qung tinh bauxit cung cp cho nh my ch bin alumin l Ao (tn/nm) vi hm lng yu cu l (%) Al2O3, thc thu kim loi khi tuyn (t kt qu th nghim mu cng nghip) l t th sn lng qung nguyn khai ca m c xc nh theo cng thc: Aq =
Ao Ao , t/nm = ' t t (1 r )

Trong : v - hm lng Al2O3 trong qung gc v trong qung nguyn khai, %; r- h s lm ngho qung trong qu trnh khai thc, vtp. Trong trng hp trn thn khong c lp t ph th phi tnh c sn lng t bc hng nm: A = KtbAq , m3/nm. Trong : Ktb- h s bc t trung bnh ca m, m3/tn. d) Tui th m : Bao gm thi gian xy dng m, thi gian khai thc bnh thng v thi gian no vt m. Thi gian khai thc bnh thng, theo l thuyt, bng tr lng cn i chia cho sn lng qung nguyn khai, c k n yu t tn tht v lm ngho qung trong qu trnh khai thc: 16

Tkt =

Qc (1 K m ) , nm Aq (1 r )

Trong : Km- h s tn tht qung trong qu trnh khai thc, vtp. 1.4.2. Cng ngh khai thc a) M va: Do c im cu to ca cc thn qung bauxit, ni dung ch yu cng tc m m bao gm: - Xy dng ng giao thng ni khai trng vi mt bng cng nghip, bi thi v nh my tuyn khong; - Xy dng h thng mng rnh ngn nc v thot nc; - Thu gom v ct gi lp t mt trn din tch khu vc khai thc u tin; - o ho m va v to cc mt bng cng tc u tin cho cc thit b xc b v vn ti hot ng. Bo co TM cn m t y v tr cc cng trnh km theo cc thng s ch yu, khi lng v lch thi cng ca chng. b) Cng ngh khai thc : Bc v ct gi t mt

Bc t ph
N mn (nu cn)

Xc bc

Thu hi qung

Vn ti

Xc bc

Vn ti

Tuyn

Thi t

Qung tinh bauxit

Hnh 1.1- S cng ngh tng qut khai thc ch bin bauxit

17

M t h thng khai thc p dng, thit b s dng v cc thng s lm vic tng ng ca chng: - Chiu cao tng khai thc, m; - Chiu rng mt tng cng tc hoc kch thc khu vc xc bc, m; - Gc nghing ca sn tng cng tc, ; - Gc nghing b kt thc v b cng tc, ; - ........ d) Cng ngh tuyn qung:
Cng ngh tuyn bauxit c th hin theo lu sau:
Qung nguyn khai

Sng bo him (a=200mm)

Sng quay I (a=40mm) -200 +40mm p -40mm Sng quay II (a=10mm) -10mm -40+10mm -10+0,5mm Sng rung -10+1mm -1+0,5mm Phn cp xon -0,5mm -40mm

Qung ui thi

Qung ui thi

Hnh 1.2- Lu 18 ngh tuyn qung bauxit cng

e) Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, sn phm 1.4.3. Tng hp thit b v vt t k thut s dng a) Bng tng hp cc thit b, my mc s dng ca d n TT 1 Tn thit b M hiu 2 3 n v S lng Nc sn xut 4 5 6 Tnh trng 7

(Trong trng hp cc thit b d n ch u thu trc khi d n i vo hot ng th ch cn ghi r nhng c tnh k thut c bn theo yu cu ca thit k m khng cn ghi m hiu thit b v nc sn xut).

b) Bng tng hp nhu cu s dng cc vt t k thut hng nm c) Tng hp nhu cu s dng nng lng hng nm ca d n - Nhu cu v nng lng (in nng tiu th hng nm ca cc loi thit b) v ngun cung cp. - Nhu cu v nhin liu (xng, du iezen, m v du bi trn cc loi) v ngun cung cp - Nhu cu v nc (nc cho sn xut, nc sinh hot) v ngun cung cp. 1.4.4. Tin thc hin xy dng m a d n vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh mt cch nhanh chng, cn cn c vo khi lng tng cng vic trong cc hng mc cng trnh v kh nng phi hp gia chng (k tip, song song hoc gi u) xc nh hng mc u tin nhm rt ngn thi gian xy dng m. Tin thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng m c th trnh by di dng biu ng thng theo hng (tn cng vic) v ct ( di thi gian) hoc theo phng php s mng (PERT). Cc hng mc cng trnh xy lp ch yu ca m bauxit bao gm : - San gt mt bng nh my tuyn khong; - p p h thi qung ui; - Xy dng h thng cp nc (tun hon) cho nh my; - Lp t thit b nh my tuyn khong;

19

- ng vn ti ni t h thng giao thng khu vc n nh my tuyn v mt bng cng nghip; - ng vn ti ni t nh my tuyn v mt bng cng nghip n khai trng; - Bc v ct gi t mt; - Ho m va v cc mt bng cng tc u tin trn khai trng; - Lp t cc thit b khai thc; - Lp t h thng in, nc, thng tin tn hiu ; - Xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr khc (nu c). Cc hng mc cng trnh v cng vic thc hin trn (cng vic no khng c trong d n th b qua) c thng k theo bng sau: TT 1 Hng mc 2 Cng vic thc hin 3 n v 4 Khi lng 5 Ch thch 6

1.4.5. Kinh t d n a) Hnh thc u t (u t mi, u t m rng, u t ci to, lin doanh, lin kt, ) b) Ngun vn (t c, vay ngn hng, gp c phn, ODA, ) c) Tng hp cc ch tiu kinh t ch yu ca d n - Tng vn u t (t ng, trong vn t c ,vay , gi c ng ) - Gi tr hin ti thc NPV = (vi t sut chit khu r = %). - H s hon vn ni b IRR = - Li nhun rng trung bnh trong nhng nm u. - Hiu qu u t - Thi hn thu hi vn u t. 1.4.6. T chc qun l v thc hin d n a) S t chc b my iu hnh ca m

20

b) Tng hp yu cu v nhn lc cho cc b phn trong m (ch thng k c th nhn lc cho ban gim c, cc phng ban, cc phn xng,..., m khng i vo chi tit cho tng my)

Chng 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI

Yu cu : Cn i su nghin cu chi tit v m t k nhng c im v hin trng mi trng nn ca d n nh : Ch thu vn dng chy ; thu vn khu vc (ma ln, l lt, hn hn,...) ; a dng sinh hc ; a mo v a hnh ; ti nguyn thin nhin ; cht lng khng kh, nc mt, nc ngm, t ; kinh t-x hi;...

2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG 2.1.1. V tr a l Trong phn ny, cn xc nh r v tr ca khu vc khai thc d kin theo cc ni dung sau: - Nhc li a im khu vc khai thc thuc phng/x, qun/huyn, thnh ph/tnh no; - V tr ca khu vc d n trong mi tng quan vi cc khu vc chung quanh, c bit l cc khu vc nhy cm nh vn quc gia, khu bo tn sinh hc, cc khu di tch lch s, trng hc, bnh vin,(nu c). - Din tch khu vc khai thc, bao gm c din tch cc khu vc ph tr, bi cha ct, din tch s dng lm ng chuyn dng, - V tr ca khu m v mi tng quan vi cc yu t chung quanh phi c th hin trn bn c t l ph hp theo h to VN 2000. Cc d n khai thc m hin nay thng s dng bn t l 1: 5.000 ti 1:10.000. 2.2.2. c im v a hnh Cc c trng v a hnh nh i ni, dc a hnh phn thu, sng sui v cc nhnh sui nh, cc lu vc t thu, ca khu vc khai thc v cc vng chung quanh cn c xc nh r. T cc d liu ny cn c cc nhn xt v kh nng xy ra xi mn, st l, l qut,... ti khu vc. 2.2.3. c im cu trc a cht khu m v cht lng khong sn

21

Trnh by r rng v chi tit cc c trng a cht ca khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh nh : Cu trc v phn b ca cc dng a tng khc nhau ; V tr, c im ca cc t gy a cht, hot ng magma (nu c),... 2.2.4. c im v a cht thu vn vng khai thc Cc ni dung cn trnh by trong mc ny bao gm: chiu su v c im tng nc ngm ca khu vc m v vng xung quanh; c im v tr lng nc ca cc tng cha nc, kh nng v hin trng khai thc khai thc s dng chng. 2.3. C IM V KH TNG THY VN 2.3.1. c im thi tit kh hu Cc c im v thi tit kh hu ca khu vc khai thc c th thu thp t cc Trm Kh tng Thy vn gn khu vc ny nht. Cc thng tin cn thu thp v phi c trnh by r rng bao gm: ch nhit, ch ma, gi, m, bc hi,...v cc hin tng thi tit c bit khc. S liu v nhit khng kh ti khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh cn phi c trch dn trong nhiu nm lin tip cho ti nm d kin thc hin d n. Cc thng s cn trnh by bao gm: - Nhit trung bnh theo thng v nm - Nhit ti cao trung bnh theo thng v nm - Nhit ti thp trung bnh theo thng v nm - Nhit ti cao tuyt i theo thng v nm - Nhit ti thp tuyt i theo thng v nm Qua bng s liu cng nh cc ti liu v nhit thu thp c cn a ra cc nhn nh ban u v ch nhit ti khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh. V ch ma, cn xc nh r ch ma ca khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh theo cc ni dung: - Xc nh c lng ma trung bnh theo thng v nm trong nhiu nm lin tip cho ti thi im d kin thc hin d n - Xc nh c khong thi gian ma nhiu (ma ma), ma t (ma kh) - Xc nh c phn b lng ma theo ma v a ra cc nhn xt s b v kh nng xy ra ngp lt, l, - Xc nh c c trng ca ma ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh

22

 bc hi c th hin qua cc s liu v lng nc bc hi trung bnh theo thng, nm trong nhiu nm lin tip cho ti thi im thc hin d n. ng thi phi a ra c cc nhn xt, so snh gia bc hi v lng ma tng ng. Ch gi ca khu vc thc hin d n bao gm: hng gi thnh hnh theo ma, tc gi trung bnh, tc gi cao nht v tn sut xut hin. ng thi phi a ra cc nhn xt v kh nng xy ra cc tnh hung thi tit xu lin quan ti gi nh bo, ging, V m khng kh, cn lm r c im m ca khu vc khai thc v chung quanh nh din bin m theo ngy, theo ma v nm trong nhiu nm lin tip cho ti thi im thc hin d n v a ra cc nhn xt v cc c trng ca ch m. Bo co TM cng cn trnh by y cc hin tng thi tit c bit ti khu vc khai thc v chung quanh nh ging, bo, l qut, ma ,qua s liu nhiu nm lin tip. Cn trnh by chi tit theo cc ni dung: cc thi im xut hin v tn sut xut hin, cng ca tai bin, cng nh kh nng nh hng ca chng ti vic trin khai d n. 2.3.2. c im ch thu vn Ch thy vn ca cc sng, sui, knh ti khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh cn c trnh by r rng, c bit l i vi cc lu vc c kh nng chu nh hng hoc gy nh hng ti khu vc khai thc. Kh nng dng nc v gy ng ngp cho khu vc khai thc cng phi c trnh by. Trong trng hp tng xy ra cc s c ngp lt, l ln,...th phi trnh by c th thi gian v tn sut xy ra s c, mc nh hng ca hin tng ny. 2.4. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG T NHIN KHU VC M Hin trng mi trng khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh cn c phn tch da vo cc d kin, s liu quan trc c i vi khu vc khai thc, ng thi vi cc s liu o c, phn tch c thc hin trong qu trnh thc hin TM. 2.4.1. c im cht lng khng kh Hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc m v vng chung quanh cn c phn tch, nh gi da trn cc s liu v cht lng khng kh c xc nh trong qu trnh TM cho d n.

23

Cc thng s la chn nh gi cht lng khng kh khu vc d n bao gm: bi l lng, NO2, SO2, CO, HC. Trong mt s trng hp c bit cn xc nh thm thng s bi PM10 (bi c ng knh di 10 m). Cc phng php c s dng o c, phn tch cht lng khng kh phi l cc phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hoc c s dng ph bin trn th gii. T cc kt qu o c, phn tch cc thng s ny cn tin hnh so snh vi cc quy chun k thut quc gia (QCVN) v cht lng khng kh hin hnh (QCVN 05:2009; QCVN 06:2009) v rt ra cc nhn xt v hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc. Ngoi ra, phn ny cng cn phi xc nh c y hin trng cc ngun pht thi cc cht nhim khng kh (v c lu lng v thnh phn kh thi) ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh. Trong trng hp c s liu v cht lng khng kh ti khu vc ny trong nhiu nm lin tip th cn thit phi thu thp v nh gi xu hng bin i cht lng khng kh ang xy ra ti khu vc ny. Ngun ca s liu trch dn phi c trnh by r. c th xc nh ng hin trng cht lng khng kh trong khu vc th s im o cc thng s cht lng khng kh phi v c tnh c trng. Ty thuc vo tng d n khai thc khong sn c th m s im la chn s chnh lch nhau. V nguyn tc, s im quan trc cht lng khng kh cng nhiu, khong cch cng gn nhau th cng phn nh chnh xc cht lng khng kh ca khu vc. Nhng trn thc t, s im quan trc thng khng th qu nhiu v s i hi ngun lc v con ngi, ti chnh v my mc thit b nhiu hn. Trong trng hp c th p ng y v mt ngun lc th s im c th la chn cng nhiu cng tt. Nhng trn thc t, kinh ph cp cho cng tc ny thng khng ln v do vy cn thit phi la chn s im ph hp. Tuy nhin, mt yu cu tin quyt khi thit k mng li o cht lng khng kh l cc im o phi i din y cho cc lu vc khng kh ti khu vc khai thc v cc vng chung quanh. Thi gian o c cht lng khng kh cng cn phi c trnh by r. Cc im o cht lng khng kh cn phi c th hin trn bn khu vc c t l thch hp, th hin c tnh c trng ca im o i vi cc vng mi trng khc nhau ca khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh. 2.4.2. c im nhim ting n v rung

24

Hin trng nhim ting n v rung ti khu vc d n v cc vng chung quanh cn c xc nh r thng qua cc s liu o c trong qu trnh thc hin TM cho d n. Thng thng, cc im o n, rung c la chn thng trng vi cc im o cht lng khng kh v n i din c cho cc khu vc khc nhau. Cn c nhn xt v nhim ting n, rung ti khu vc l cc tiu chun v n, rung hin hu. - Tiu chun 5949 1998: Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c Mc n ti a cho php - TCVN 5948-1999: Ting n phng tin giao thng ng b pht ra khi tng tc - Mc n ti a cho php - TCVN 6962 2001: Rung ng v chn ng Rung ng do cc hot ng xy dng v sn xut cng nghip Mc ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu cng cng v dn c. Cc thng s chnh trong quan trc ting n bao gm: - Leq (dBA) - Lmax (dBA) - Lmin (dBA). Khi cn phi xc nh ting n nhiu thi im khc nhau trong ngy th cn thit xc nh n lin tc trong 24 gi ti cc im o. Cc phng php o n l cc phng php c quy nh trong Tiu chun Vit Nam. Cc thng s chnh trong quan trc rung l gia tc rung trung bnh c xc nh nh trong TCVN 6962 2001. Cc phng php o rung l cc phng php c quy nh trong Tiu chun Vit Nam. Cc ngun pht sinh ting n, rung ti khu vc d n cng cn xc nh y v v tr v cng , cng nh hin trng mc v phm vi chu nh hng ti cc khu vc. 2.4.3. c im cht lng nc khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh * Cht lng nc mt Cng ging nh cht lng khng kh, hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh cng phi c xc nh thng qua cc s liu o c, phn tch cht lng nc ti cc lu vc trong khu vc ny, c bit l i vi cc lu vc c kh nng b nh hng bi cc hot ng khai thc. nh gi v hin trng cht lng nc mt cn so snh vi cc quy chun k thut quc gia (QCVN) v cht lng nc mt hin hu, bao gm: - QCVN 08:2008 v cht lng nc mt 25

- QCVN 10:2009 v cht lng nc bin ven b - Cc thng s cht lng nc cn phi xc nh bao gm: Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 pH c SS ClDO BOD5 NO3PO43Tng Fe Du tng Pb Cu As Cr Cd Zn Tng coliform Thng s Nhit
0

n v C NTU mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml

Phng php o c, thu mu v phn tch cc thng s cht lng nc phi tun th ng theo quy nh trong Tiu chun Vit Nam hoc s dng cc phng php ph bin trn th gii. S lng im o, thu mu nc mt thng khc nhau i vi mi d n v cn cn c vo thc t ca tng khu vc khai thc. Yu cu tin quyt l s lng im o, thu mu phn tch phi m bo i din cho cht lng nc ca cc lu vc trong khu vc d n cng nh cc vng chung quanh, c bit l i vi cc lu vc c kh nng chu nh hng do cc hot ng ca d n.

26

V nguyn tc, s lng im quan trc cht lng nc cng nhiu, khong cch gia cc im cng gn nhau th cng phn nh chnh xc cht lng nc ca cc ngun nc. S im quan trc ti thiu c chn phi m bo c tnh i din, c trng i vi cc ngun nc c kh nng b tc ng bi d n. V cc im quan trc cht lng nc mt cn phi c th hin r trn bn vng d n c t l thch hp. Ngoi ra, cc ngun nhim nc mt trong khu vc cng cn phi c xc nh y cng vi c tnh ca dng thi (lu lng, thnh phn cc cht nhim trong nc thi, lu vc tip nhn nc thi). Din bin cht lng nc mt trong khu vc cng cn c nh gi nu c s liu quan trc trong nhiu nm lin tip. Cc s liu trch dn phi ghi ch y v chnh xc ngun cung cp. * Cht lng nc ngm Hin trng cht lng nc ngm (nc di t) ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh phi c xc nh thng qua cc s liu phn tch cht lng nc ngm ca cc mu nc ngm thu ti vng d n. S im thu mu nc ngm phi cn c vo tng d n c th nhng cng cn phi c trng cho cc vng mi trng trong khu vc (khu dn c, khu khai thc,). Cc im ny cn c th hin r trn bn ca khu vc c t l thch hp. Cc thng s cht lng nc ngm cn phn tch v nh gi bao gm: Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Thng s pH c cng SS ClNO3SO42Tng Fe Du tng NTU mgCaCO3/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 27 n v

10 11 12 13 14 15

Pb Cu As Cr Cd Zn

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

16 Tng coliform MPN/100ml Cc phng php s dng trong phn tch cc thng s cht lng nc ngm phi l cc phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hoc c s dng rng ri trn th gii. Cn c a ra cc nhn xt v cht lng nc ngm ca khu vc l quy chun k thut v cht lng nc ngm hin hu (QCVN 09:2008). Cc nh gi v din bin cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc khai thc v vng chung quanh cng cn a ra nu c cc s liu phn tch cht lng nc ngm trong nhiu nm lin tip. Cc s liu trch dn phi ghi ch y v chnh xc ngun cung cp. Cc nh gi, nhn xt s b v cc ngun c kh nng gy nhim nc ngm trong vng d n cng phi c trnh by. 2.4.4. Hin trng mi trng sinh hc khu vc d n v chung quanh c im hin trng cc h sinh thi cn v h sinh thi di nc ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh cn c trnh by y v r rng v t rt ra cc nhn xt v tnh a dng sinh hc ca khu vc. 2.2.4.1. Hin trng h sinh thi trn cn Cc nhn xt, nh gi v hin trng h ng-thc vt trn cn ti cc khu vc c kh nng chu nh hng do hot ng ca d n cn phi cn c trn cc d liu, s liu iu tra v h ng thc vt ca vng d n do chuyn gia sinh hc c chuyn mn v h sinh thi cn tin hnh, ng thi cng cn cn c vo cc d liu, s liu iu tra c i vi vng d n. S liu, d liu trch dn trong bo co phi ghi ch y , chnh xc ngun. Vic iu tra, nh gi h sinh thi cn ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh phi c bit ch ti cc khu vc nhy cm nh cc khu vn quc gia, khu bo tn thin nhin, khu rng t nhin, Cc ni dung cn trnh by r trong mc ny bao gm: 28

- Hin trng thm thc vt Cc c trng v hin trng thm thc vt ti vng 2 bn b on sng khai thc cn xc nh l: - V tr ca rng/thm thc vt so vi khu vc khai thc. - Din tch rng/thm thc vt. - Kiu rng/thm thc vt v c im phn b. - c im sinh khi ca cc thm thc vt trong khu vc. - Danh mc cc loi thc vt hin hu (taxon khu h thc vt), trong bao gm c cc loi c tn trong Sch Vit Nam cng vi bc qu him v c trng phn b. - Dng sng ca loi thc vt. - Din bin v rng/thm thc vt (din tch, kiu, loi,) trong cc nm lin tip tnh ti thi im thc hin TM cho d n. - Cc yu t nh hng ti rng/thm thc vt trong khu vc. - Cc quy hoch/k hoch trng rng trong tng lai ti khu vc. - Khu h ng vt Vic xc nh hin trng khu h ng vt 2 bn on sng tin hnh d n c thc hin bng s kt hp ca nhiu phng php nh quan st ngoi thc a (Qs), du phn (Dp), du chn (Dc), mu vt (Ma) v phng vn (Pv) m bo th hin r cc ni dung sau: - S lng cc loi ng vt thuc cc ngnh khc nhau (taxon khu h ng vt) - Danh mc cc loi ng vt (c km theo phng php xc nh), trong c danh mc cc loi ng vt qu him c tn trong Sch Vit Nam v cp qu him. - c trng phn b ca cc loi ng vt. - Cc yu t nh hng ti h ng vt trong khu vc. - nh gi din bin ca h ng vt trong nhiu nm lin tip tnh ti thi im thc hin TM cho d n. 2.4.4.2. Hin trng h thu sinh TM cn trnh by chi tit h ng-thc vt thu sinh khu vc d n v cc lu vc c kh nng chu nh hng do hot ng d n. Cc d liu, s liu iu tra phi do chuyn gia sinh hc c chuyn mn v h sinh thi thy sinh tin hnh, 29

ng thi cng cn cn c vo cc d liu, s liu iu tra c i chng vi vng d n. S liu, d liu trch dn trong bo co phi ghi ch y , chnh xc ngun. Cc thng tin cn thit phi xc nh r trong mc ny bao gm: - Cu trc thnh phn loi (s ngnh, s lng mi loi trong ngnh) - Mt mi ngnh (c th/m3) - Tn khoa hc ca cc loi v hin trng phn b trong cc lu vc. Thng thng, cc thng tin trn c xc nh thng qua o trc tip ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim. V tr thu mu thy sinh phi c th hin trn bn vng d n c t l thch hp. Thng thng cc im ny thng trng vi cc im thu mu nc mt do tnh i din ca cc im ny i vi cc lu vc nghin cu. Qua cc s liu o c, phn tch c cn a ra cc nhn xt v c tnh mi trng (mi trng axit hay baz), d on yu t gy nhim trong ngun nc (th d: nc b nhim do hu c hay dinh dng,). Bn cnh cc yu t lin quan ti h ng-thc vt thy sinh v ng vt y, cc thng tin lin quan ti cc ng vt thy sinh bc cao trong ngun nc (tm, c, cua, ) cng cn c xc nh nh tn, thnh phn, s lng loi c s lng c th ln, cc loi qu him c tn trong Sch Vit Nam (nu c). xc nh cc thng tin ny cn tin hnh thu thp ti liu v phng vn ngi dn sinh sng bng ngh nh bt c, tm,trn cc lu vc cn nghin cu. 2.6. IU KIN KT-XH KHU VC KHAI THC D KIN V VNG CHUNG QUANH Vic u tin cn tin hnh trong ni dung ny l phi xc nh c cc khu vc c kh nng b nh hng v KT-XH do vic thc hin d n khai thc. Ty vo quy m, v tr ca d n, iu kin KT-XH ti khu vc khai thc v chung quanh s c cp phm vi x/phng, huyn/qun hay tnh/thnh ph. Hin trng KT-XH ca khu vc cn trnh by k trong TM bao gm nhng ni dung sau y: 2.6.1. iu kin v kinh t Trong ni dung ny, cc hot ng kinh t (cng nghip, nng nghip, giao thng vn ti, khai khong, du lch, thng mi, dch v v cc ngnh khc) ca a phng cn phi xc nh r, trong c bit ch ti ngnh khai khong ti khu vc d n hoc cc khu vc ln cn. Cc ni dung bt buc phi trnh by trong phn ny bao gm:

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2.6.1.1. Hin trng s dng ti nguyn t v nc: - Tng din tch t t nhin v cht lng - Hin trng s dng t (nng nghip, lm nghip, chuyn dng, t , s dng khc, t cha s dng) - Hin trng s dng ti nguyn nc v nhu cu s dng nc trong tng lai (da trn quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi hoc quy hoch s dng nc (nu c))

2.6.1.2. Nng nghip * Trng trt - Hin trng din tch v nng sut cc loi cy trng. - Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh trng trt. - Din bin din tch v nng sut cc loi cy trng trong cc nm gn y v d bo trong tng lai gn. - S h sinh sng bng ngh nng nghip. - Trnh sn xut nng nghip. - Thu nhp trung bnh ca mi h gia nh t sn xut nng nghip. - Quy hoch pht trin ca a phng. * Chn nui - Cc loi gia sc, gia cm v s lng mi loi. - Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh chn nui. - Tnh cht, hnh thc nui. - Din bin cc n gia sc, gia cm trong cc nm gn thi im thc hin d n. - Phn b trong khu vc. - Quy hoch pht trin ca a phng. 2.6.1.3. Lm nghip Phn ny cn trnh by v hin trng rng/thm thc vt trong khu vc d n v vng chung quanh, bao gm cc thng tin: - Din tch rng/thm thc vt. - Tnh cht rng. 31

- Tnh hnh qun l, bo v rng. - S h sinh sng bng ngh lm nghip trong khu vc. - Din bin din tch rng trong cc nm gn nht - Cc k hoch trng rng trong tng lai. 2.6.1.4. Cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip - Cc loi hnh sn xut - Quy m, trnh sn xut (th cng, c gii, t ng ha,) - Gi tr sn xut - Lc lng lao ng tham gia - Xu hng pht trin trong tng lai (theo quy hoch) 2.6.1.5. Thng mi, dch v - Cc loi hnh dch v, thng mi, trong c bit ch ti ngnh du lch ca a phng - Gi tr ca ngnh thng mi, dch v - Lc lng lao ng tham gia - Xu hng pht trin trong tng lai (theo quy hoch). 2.6.1.6. Giao thng, vn ti - Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh - Lc lng lao ng tham gia - Xu hng pht trin trong tng lai (theo quy hoch) 2.6.2. iu kin v x hi Ngi dn a phng l mt trong nhng i tng chnh b nh hng bi vic thc thi d n. Chnh v vy, vic xc nh y cc thng tin v tnh hnh dn s, dn tc ti khu vc m v vng chung quanh s cho php xc nh c mc , phm vi ca cc tc ng c th xy ra. Ty vo quy m ca d n khai thc m cc thng tin v dn s, dn tc i hi phi bao trm ln mt khu vc rng hay hp. Tuy vy, cc thng tin cn thit v dn s, dn tc trong khu vc cn xc nh r bao gm: 2.6.2.1. Dn s v dn tc - S dn v mt dn s ti khu m v cc khu vc c kh nng chu tc ng ca hot ng khai thc

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- Din bin v dn s v d bo v dn s trong tng lai - Phn b dn c - Cc dn tc thiu s: tn dn tc, t l trn tng s dn, phn b. 2.6.2.2. Thu nhp, ngh nghip, mc sng Trong mc ny cn trnh by r: - Phn b lao ng trong cc ngnh ngh. - Mc thu nhp ca ngi dn, s h ngho (theo chun ngho ca c nc) - Ngun thu nhp chnh. - Din bin thu nhp trong mt s nm gn vi thi im thc hin d n v xu hng trong tng lai. Trong ni dung ny cn c bit ch ti cc dn tc thiu s (nu c). 2.6.2.3. Y t, vn ho, gio dc * Y t - S trung tm y t, bnh vin ti khu vc d n v vng chung quanh - Tnh hnh chm sc sc khe ti ngi dn a phng, t l ngi dn c chm sc y t - Tnh hnh bnh tt, c bit quan tm ti cc bnh dch, bnh d ly nhim. * Vn ho Cc hot ng vn ha, vn ngh ti a phng cn c m t s lc. c bit, trong trng hp a phng c ngi dn thuc cc dn tc thiu s th cn m t cc hot ng vn ha ca cng ng ny. * Gio dc - S lng v cht lng trng hc, nh tr, trung tm o to, ti khu vc d n v cc khu vc c kh nng b nh hng bi d n. - T l hc sinh cc cp. - Cht lng gio dc (thng qua cc con s thng k v t l tt nghip, t l i hc). - T l tr em c ti trng. Trong trng hp a phng c ngi dn thuc cc dn tc thiu s th cn thng k cc ni dung trn cho b phn ngi dn tc thiu s ny. 2.6.2.4. Chnh sch x hi 33

Cc chnh sch v vic thc hin cc chnh sch ny i vi ngi ngho, ngi c cng, ca a phng cng cn c m t s lc. 2.6.3. C s h tng - Lit k y v m t s lc cc cng trnh c s h tng ca khu vc (cp in, cp nc, ng giao thng, thy li, iu,), trong c bit ch ti cc cng trnh c kh nng b nh hng bi d n. - Quy hoch pht trin c s h tng trong tng lai ca khu vc cng phi c m t s lc.

Chng 3 NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG 3.1. NH GI TC NG

Yu cu : Bo co TM cn d bo v nh gi y cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi, cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi cng nh cc i tng b tc ng. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra, loi cht thi pht sinh cng nh thi lng v thnh phn ca chng; cn pht hin v nh gi y cc tc ng do s xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; s xi l b sng, b sui, b h; s bi lng lng sng, lng sui, lng h; s thay i mc nc mt, nc di ; s suy thoi cc thnh phn mi trng; s bin i a dng sinh hc v cc yu t khc khi trin khai thc hin d n ti mi trng khu vc thc hin d n.

3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi 3.1.1.1. Giai on chun b d n v xy dng m Cng nh i vi bt k mt d n khai thc khong sn no, trc khi bc vo hot ng, d n khai thc bauxit cng phi qua giai on chun b v xy dng m. Qu trnh tp kt vt t k thut, nhn lc, thit b, trin khai thi cng xy dng s gy nhim do bi, n, kh thi c hi, rc thi, nc thi cng nghip v sinh hot,... tc ng vo i sng, sc kho ca cng ng dn c khu vc d n. Bi, kh thi c hi v n pht sinh t khu vn ti thit b, my mc v lp rp thit b. Rc thi ch yu l giy, bao b, ti ni lng, g, d lau du m, ph thi t vt liu xy dng, thc phm d tha,...Nc thi bao gm du m d tha v nc thi sinh hot. 3.1.1.2. Giai on hot ng sn xut bnh thng a) Kh thi, bi m v ting n

34

Kh thi pht sinh trong sn xut ca d n bauxit ch yu do cc thit b m v vn ti chy bng du dizen nh my xc, my i, t,...Cc kh thi thng l CO, CO2, NO, NO2, CH4, H2S, SO2, CH2CHCHO, HCHO... Bi m bauxit pht sinh t cc khu n mn (mt s qung cng), xc bc v vn ti. Tu theo iu kin thi tit kh hu m mc pht thi bi l khc nhau. Theo nh gi nhanh ca t chc Y t Th gii (WHO) thi lng nhim bi ti hin trng khai thc khong sn trong iu kin khng c h thng khng ch nhim nh sau: - 0,40 kg bi/tn trong cng on n mn khai thc; - 0,17 kg bi/tn trong cng on bc xc, vn chuyn; - 0,134 kg bi/tn t thi trong cng on vn chuyn khai thc. Ngoi ra cn mt lng bi trong khi thi ca ca cc phng tin vn ti v my mc thi cng. Cn c ti liu ca WTO cung cp th c 1 tn du s dng i vi ng c t trong thi ra 0,94kg bi. Bo co TM phi xc nh c ngun pht thi tng loi kh v bi m ni trn cng nh tng lng pht thi ca chng tnh theo thi gian, hm lng (hay nng ) cc thnh phn ca chng. tnh c ti lng cc loi kh pht thi c th dng phng php chuyn gia (kinh nghim) hoc cch nh gi nhanh ca WHO v ca cc nh khoa hc khc. Th d, qua kt qu nghin cu thc nghim ngi ta thy khi lng cc sn phm c hi thot ra khi t 1 tn du izen nh sau: CO l 0,1g ; hydrocacbon l 0,03g ; NO2 l 0,04g ; SO2 l 0,02g ; mui khi l 15,5 kg ; t l phn trm cc kh thi khi ng c izen gia tc l CO l 4,2% ; NO2 l 95,1% ; mui khi l 0,7% v khi chy bnh thng CO l 18% ; NO2 l 97% ; mui khi 0,3 %. Hm lng hoc nng cc thnh phn cht kh c o trc tip bng cc dng c o xch tay hoc ly mu v phn tch ti phng th nghim. Hoc c th dng phng php nh gi nhanh nh ni. Th d, tnh nng cht nhim trung bnh khong cch bt k x cui hng gi trong khng kh do ngun ng pht thi lin tc c th dng biu thc : C(x) = 2E/ (2II)1/2.zU , mg/m3 Hoc theo cng thc m hnh ci bin ca Sutton : C(x) = 0,8E{exp[-(z+h)2/2z2]+ exp[-(z-h)2/2z2]}/(zU) , mg/m3 Trong : C(x)- Nng cht nhim trong khng kh khong cch x, mg/m3; E- Ngun thi , mg/(m/s) ; z- cao ca im tnh, m ;

35

z- H s khuch tn theo phng Z, l hm s ca khong cch x theo phng gi thi : z = cxd + f .Trong trng hp ngun ng giao thng vi n nh kh quyn loi B, z c th c xc nh theo cng thc n gin ca Sade (1968) : z = 0,53 x0,73 ; U- Tc gi trung bnh, m/s ; h- cao ca mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh, m . o nng bi trong qu trnh tin hnh TM c th o trc tip ti hin trng bng cc thit b o chuyn dng, hoc bng phng php nh gi nhanh theo cc m hnh sau y: * Thi lng bi do xe ti chy trn ng t (Theo Air Chief, Cc Mi trng M, 1995 ) : E = 1,7k (s/12)(S/48)(W/2,7)0,7(w/4)0,5[(365-p)/365] , kg/(xe.km) Trong : E- Lng pht thi bi , kg bi/ (xe.km) k- H s k n kch thc bi , (k=0,8 cho bi c kch thc nh hn 30 micron) s- H s k n loi mt ng (ng t s=6,4) S-Tc trung bnh ca xe ti (S=30 km/h) W- Ti trng ca xe, tn w- S lp xe ca t p- S ngy ma trung bnh trong nm H s k n loi mt ng s ( Theo Air Chief, chng 13, Fugitive Dust Sources ) Loi ng ng dn dng ( t bn ) ng th Trong khong 1,6 68 0,4 13 Trung bnh 12 5,7

H s k n kch thc bi k ( Theo Air Chief, chng 13, Fugitive Dust Sources ) Kch thc bi, micron H s k <30 0,8 3015 0,5 1510 0,36 105 0,2 52,5 0,095

Thi lng bi do gi cun t mt ng ph thuc vo bn ca mt ng, tc lung xe chy, mt dng xe, iu kin thi tit kh hu,Theo kt qu thc nghim ca Cc Bo v Mi trng M, lng bi pht sinh t mt ng tun theo quy lut sau : K = 0,81.C.(V/50).[(365-n)/365].L , kg bi/ km.ngy. 36

Trong : C - Lng bi mn trn mt ng, kg bi/km. V - Tc trung bnh lung xe, km/h. n - S ngy ma trong nm c lng ma t hn 254 mm/ngy, ngy. L - Mt xe trung bnh -lu lng xe (xe/h) chia cho tc lung xe trung bnh (km/h) ; xe/km. * Thi lng bi trong qu trnh xc v vn chuyn ct c th tham kho cc s liu sau ( theo WHO): - Xc 0,17 kg bi/tn ct - Vn chuyn 0,134 -ntTing n trong hot ng khai thc bauxit thng pht ra t cc thit b xc bc, vn ti, my i, do n mn,... khi lm vic. nh my tuyn qung: ting n pht sinh do hot ng ca my mc thit b trong qu trnh sn xut: qut ht bi, qut gi, my nghin, my bm... S dng m hnh d bo lan truyn ting n s cho php xc nh c phm vi nh hng ca ting n v t c th a ra cc bin php gim thiu v m bo an ton cho con ngi. Cng thc ton hc lm c s cho m hnh l cng thc xc nh n ti mt im c khong cch d (m) so vi ngun pht ra ting n: (5.7) Li = Lp - Ld - Lc - Lcx ; dB Trong : Li: Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun gy n khong cch d (m). Lp: Mc n o c ti ngun gy n (cch 1,5m). Ld: Mc n gim theo khong cch d tn s i. Ld = 20 lg[(r2 / r1 )1+ a ] ; dB (5.8) r1: Khong cch ti ngun gy n ng vi Lp, m. r2: Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li ; m a: H s k n nh hng hp thu ting n ca a hnh mt t. Lc: gim mc n qua vt cn. Lcx: gim mc n sau cc di cy xanh. Lcx = Ld + 1,5Z + Bi ; dB (5.9) Ld: gim mc n do khong cch; dB 1,5Z: gim mc n do tc dng phn x ca cc di cy xanh. Z- S lng cc di cy xanh. Bi: Mc n h thp do m thanh b ht v khuch tn trong cc di cy : Tr s h thp trung bnh theo tn s (=0,100,20 dB/m). b) Nc thi m 37

xanh.

i vi khai thc-ch bin bauxit, ngun nhim ch yu ca m-nh my tuyn qung l nc ma chy trn cun theo ct, bi...; nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn; nc thi t cng on tuyn ra qung c s lng ln v hm lng cn cao. Vi tiu hao trung bnh 6-8 m3 nc tuyn ra 1 tn qung bauxit nguyn khai th khi lng nc cn thit cung cp cho mt nh my tuyn cng sut 600650 ngt./nm qung tinh l 24-26 triu m3. Lng nc ny sau khi s dng (bn thi qung ui) c hm lng cn rt cao, khong 7% trng lng. ht ca cht rn trong bn thi ti 83% l nh hn 0,075mm v s gy nhim cho ngun tip nhn nu nh khng c cc bin php phng nga hu hiu, mc d khi lng bn thi (qung ui) ny c lu gi trong bi thi bn. Nc thi sinh hot v nc ma chy trn c xem xt v tnh ton nh i vi cc trng hp thng thng khc. Thi lng nhim nc sinh hot trong m c tnh cho tng s lng cn b cng nhn vin ca m theo nh mc trung bnh (g/ngi.ngy): Cht rn l lng (SS): 50-55; BOD5 ca nc lng: 25-30; N-NH4+ : 7; Photpho tng: 1,7;.... Nng cc cht trong nc ma chy trn so vi nc thi sinh hot nh hn nhiu ln (theo c tnh TSS khong 10-20mg/l, COD khong 10-20mg/l), v vy c th tch ring ng nc ma ra khi nc thi v cho vo h sinh hc t nhin sau khi qua h thng song chn rc gi li cc cn rc c kch thc ln. c) Cht thi rn Cht thi rn ca m bauxit bao gm 3 ngun: (i) qung ui thi ra t nh my tuyn; (ii) t thi ca m; (iii) rc thi cng nghip v sinh hot, trong , thi lng ln nht l qung ui nh my tuyn. Tuy nhin loi ny tn ti di dng bn thi (chim khong 3% th tch hoc 7,3% trng lng ca dung dch) v c kim sot trong bi thi bn. t thi ca m bauxit khng nhiu v c dng hon th ngay trong qu trnh khai thc ( vo khong trng khai thc). Rc thi cng nghip v sinh hot x l nh cc trng hp khc theo quy nh. d) Cht thi khc Cc cht thi khc (nu c) cng cn lit k y cc thng tin v ngun pht sinh, tng lng pht sinh trn mt n v thi gian, thnh phn cht thi v hm lng (hoc nng ) ca tng thnh phn. 3.1.1.3. Giai on kt thc m Giai on kt thc ca m bauxit thng khng ko di do khi lng ti nguyn no vt khng ln, vic hon th v phc hi thm thc vt hu ht c

38

tin hnh ng thi trong qu trnh khai thc nn giai on ng ca m khi lng cn li khng ng k. Tuy nhin bo co TM cng cn cp y n cc tc ng ca cc hot ng trong giai on ny ti cc yu t mi trng c lin quan n cht thi nh gy bi, n; pht thi cht c hi;... lm nh hng n i sng ca mt b phn dn c trong khu vc. 3.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi 3.1.2.1. Giai on chun b d n v xy dng m Qu trnh kho st, iu tra d n lm hoang mang tm l dn c, dn n khng yn tm lm vic, sinh sng. Khi d n phi di dn, n b,...chun b mt bng xy dng m s gy xo trn cuc sng ca nhng ngi c lin quan. Khi d n trin khai thi cng xy dng s lm thay i cnh quan khu vc; tc ng vo i sng vn ho-x hi ca cng ng dn c khu vc d n. 3.1.2.2. Giai on hot ng sn xut bnh thng Vic m khai trng, xy dng nh my tuyn, xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr,....ca d n khai thc-ch bin bauxit c tc ng tch cc l lm thay i b mt (theo chiu hng th ho) ca khu vc xung quanh. Tuy th, mc d khng trm trng, nhng t nhiu cng trc tip lm bin dng a mo, a hnh v cnh quan khu vc, c bit l lm thu hp mt cch ng k din tch thm thc vt do tc pht trin nhanh ca cc cng trnh khai thc. Bo co TM cn nh gi khch quan v d bo mc nh hng ca tc ng ny, c bit l nh hng i vi iu kin vi kh hu v du lch cnh quan khu vc. Bo co TM cng cn d bo din bin h ng thc vt trong khu vc khi thc hin d n do hot ng khai thc v tuyn bauxit. ng thi cn d bo v nh gi tim nng xy ra xung t v s dng ti nguyn nc trong khu vc cng nh trn ton lu vc. 3.1.2.3. Giai on kt thc m Thi gian tn ti ca D n Bauxit c th ti 30 n 50 nm hoc hn, nhng thi gian ng ca thng l rt ngn do khi lng ti nguyn no vt khng ln, vic hon th v phc hi thm thc vt hu ht c tin hnh ng thi trong qu trnh khai thc nn giai on ng ca m khi lng cng vic cn li khng ng k. Tuy nhin bo co TM cng cn cp y n cc tc ng ca cc hot ng trong giai on ny ti cc yu t mi trng t nhin, kinh t-x hi nh lm thay i cnh quan khu vc; xo trn i sng v thay i cng n vic lm ca mt b phn dn c trong khu vc; ... 3.1.3. D bo tai bin, s c mi trng i vi d n khai thc-ch bin bauxit, cn cn c vo cc s liu thng k trong nhiu nm ca cc c quan chc nng a phng v trung ng v iu kin t nhin c th ca khu vc d n cnh bo y nhng ri ro v s c mi 39

trng tim n c th xy ra trong qu trnh thc hin d n nh ma to gy l qut ph hng nh ca v cng trnh, v ngn lm pht tn bn thi, ... cng nh nhng ri ro khc nh ho hon, chy rng, tai nn ngh nghip,... 3.2. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi: Bo co TM cn t nhn xt khch quan v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi v cc tc ng mi trng, cc ri ro, s c mi trng c kh nng xy ra khi trin khai d n v khi khng trin khai d n. i vi nhng vn cn thiu tin cy cn thit, phi nu r cc l do khch quan v cc l do ch quan (nh thiu thng tin, d liu; s liu, d liu hin c b lc hu; s liu, d liu t to lp cha c chnh xc, tin cy; thiu hoc tin cy ca phng php nh gi c hn; trnh chuyn mn ca i ng cn b v TM c hn; cc nguyn nhn khc).

Chng 4 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

Yu cu: Mi loi cht thi pht sinh u phi c km theo bin php x l tng ng, thuyt minh v mc kh thi, hiu qu x l. Trong trng hp khng th c bin php hoc c nhng kh kh thi trong khun kh ca d n phi nu r l do v c kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh.

Phi c chng minh rng, sau khi p dng bin php th cc cht thi s c x l n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh. Trng hp khng p ng c yu cu quy nh th phi nu r l do v c nhng kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh.

4.1. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC N MI TRNG VT L 4.1.1. Gim thiu tc ng gy nhim mi trng khng kh Tu theo iu kin c th v ngun gc pht sinh v loi kh thi, bi m cng nh iu kin kinh t- k thut c th, bo co TM phi xut c nhng gii php gim thiu nhim c tnh kh thi. Gim kh thi c hi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca thit b m bng cch s dng cc loi cht t c ch s ctan v cetan thp. S dng thit b hin i. Tng cng s dng cc thit b dng nng lng in. Gim thiu s pht thi bi trong khu xc bc gng, bi cha,... c th bng cch tin hnh phun ti nc trc khi xc hoc dng loi my xc c trang 40

b h thng vi phun nc u cc rng gu, t qung c lm m trc khi xc. Khu vn ti qung bauxit t khai trng v nh my tuyn thng pht tn nhiu bi trn phm vi rng trong khu m v dc ng vn ti. Gii php gim thiu bi c hiu qu trong khu ny l ri btng (nha atphan hoc ximng) mt ng, phun ti ng thng xuyn v ph bt kn thng xe trong qu trnh lm vic. Trng cy trong khu vc m, quanh khai trng, trn bi thi phc hi v dc tuyn ng vn chuyn. Xy dng cc trm ra xe t ng ti cc im ng m ho mng vi ng giao thng cng cng. Gim ting n trn m l thin bng cch s dng cc thit b tin tin, khng cho thit b lm vic qu ti, bo dng v sa cha thit b ng nh k, trng cc hng ro cy xanh chng n,... 4.1.2. Gim thiu tc ng mi trng ca cht thi rn Cht thi rn pht sinh trn cc m khai thc bauxit khng nhiu, phn t thi c trc tip vo khong trng khai thc nhm phc hi t trng trt, phtcnf li ch yu l rc thi cng nghip v rc thi sinh hot. gim thiu tc ng ca cc cht thi ny cn p dng cc bin php: - Quy hoch thi hp l, ng k thut. - C phng n qun l t mu (khu vc xy dng bi cha) phc v cho cng tc hi phc mi trng sau khai thc. - Thu gom v x l trit cc loi rc thi sinh hot, c bit l phi trnh khng lm nhim nc sng, sui bi du m, ph thi sinh hot v cc cht thi khc. - i vi cht thi cng nghip nh bao b cc loi vt t thit b my mc bng kim loi, g, cactng, giy, cht do ; d lau du m ; st thp vn ;...phi c thu gom, phn loi ti s dng, tiu hu hoc chn gi ng quy nh. c bit, i vi acqui hng v cc ph thi nguy hi khc phi c x l theo ng hng dn quy trnh qun l cht thi c hi ca B TN&MT (Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT v Thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT). 4.1.3. Gim thiu tc ng gy nhim mi trng nc a. i vi nc mt - Qun l v xy dng cc h thng x l nc thi sn xut (t c s sa cha, bo dng my mc, trm y t), sinh hot v nc ma chy trn bng cng ngh thch hp. - Xy dng cc h thng knh, mng tch bit nc ma khng cho chy vo khu vc bi cha ct. - Tin hnh no vt nh k h lng, cc knh mng, sui dng thot nc thi t m. 41

i vi nc thi sinh hot c th x l bng h ga lng cn v b t hoi (3 ngn) trc khi thi ra mi trng. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot sau x l tha mn cc tiu chun QCVN 14:2008. B t hoi l cng trnh gi 2 chc nng: lng v phn hy cn lng. Cn lng c gi li trong b t 6 8 thng, di tc dng ca cc vi sinh vt ym kh, cc cht hu c c b phn hu, mt phn to thnh cc kh v mt phn to thnh cc cht v c ho tan. Nc thi lng trong b vi thi gian di bo m hiu sut lng cao. Nc thi sau khi x l c th tho ra h thng thot nc chung. Nc thi cha du m : i vi nc thi m cha nhiu du m, kim loi v cc tp cht khc t xng sa cha c kh, bo dng t v trm ra xe... Sau khi qua h lng ga lng cn phi c x l tch du m bng by du trc khi thi ra mi trng. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sau x l phi tho mn cc tiu chun quy nh trong QCVN 24:2009. Trong thc t, dung tch ca b c xc nh bng lng nc lu li trong b l 5 - 10 pht, chiu su b ti thiu 1m, m bo tc dng nc chy qua b 0,005m/s tch ti 90% lng du m trong nc thi. b. i vi nc ngm Cn m t cc bin php k thut v qun l d kin s p dng ngn nga ti mc ti a nc thi (sinh hot, du m,...) thm xung cc mch nc ngm khu m v ln cn bng cch: - Xy dng cc mng rnh nhm ngn chn v qun l cc ngun nc mt c kh nng gy nhim chy trn qua khu dn c v sn cng nghip. - C nhng bin php nhm m bo nc thi t m sau x l phi t tiu chun mi trng cho php. - Hn ch khng cho nc thi t bi cha qung ui trn ra ngoi, chy xung vng h ngun khu vc khai thc. 4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC N MI TRNG SINH THI c im cu to i cht ca qung bauxit Vit Nam, c bit l vng Ty Nguyn, l thuc loi gibbsit thnh to t qu trnh phong ho bazan, cc thn khong hnh thnh di dng nhng v mng laterit, bao bc sn hoc nh i, do vy mt phn b qung theo din tch nh, dn n din tch huy ng vo khai thc hng nm ln. iu ny lm cho tc ng ca d n ti cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin nhiu v rng hn, TM cn a ra c nhng bin php can thip tho ng nhm hn ch phn no cc tc ng ny. Cng nh cc hot ng khai thc khong sn rn khc, khai thc bauxit cng c tc ng nht nh n mi trng sinh thi khu vc bi cc hot ng pht trin ca n nh : xy dng h thng giao thng, nh my tuyn, bi thi qung ui, khai trng, hot ng ca thit b my mc ,...cng nh bi cc cht thi 42

pht sinh do hot ng khai thc ;.... Do vy nhng ni dung v bo v mi trng sinh thi cn quan tm trong qu trnh thc hin d n l: - Trong qu trnh quy hoch, thit k m phi xem xt n hin trng mi trng sinh thi vn c ca h ng thc vt ti ni thc hin d n. So snh nh gi li hi gia cc v tr c a ra nhm chn v tr ti u, t b nh hng n h sinh thi. - La chn c nhng gii php k thut, cng ngh thch ng vi iu kin sinh thi khu vc, kt hp vi vic s dng hp l v tit kim ti nguyn bauxit cng l mt yu t quan trng nhm hn ch s ph v cn bng sinh thi ca khu vc d n. - Tm kim cc gii php k thut, qun l thch hp nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ca hot ng d n ti s cn bng sinh thi. 4.3. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC N MI TRNG KINH T-X HI Tc ng ca hot ng d n n mi trng kinh t-x hi v nhn vn l ng k v cn c coi trng. m bo hi ho gia li ch kinh t ca Doanh nghip v s n nh i sng ca cng ng dn c th nh doanh nghip cn gn lin li ch kinh t ca doanh nghip vi s pht trin kinh t-x hi ca cng ng dn c khu vc d n. Mun vy, Doanh nghip cn c cc bin php thch hp gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ca d n ti mi trng kinh t-x hi, trong c bit ch n nhng vn sau: - C phng n di dn, n b (nu c) mt cch hp tnh, hp l v ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc ; - C cu vic lm cho ngi dn a phng chu tc ng ca d n ; - Quy hoch pht trin c s h tng ph hp cho khu nh c mi (nu c) ; - Tham gia cc hot ng ti tr, cu tr ; ng gp vo vic nng cao cht lng cuc sng vt cht, tinh thn ca cng ng dn c khu vc d n. - Thc hin nghim tc cc cam kt v bo v mi trng nh cng b. 4.4. BIN PHP PHNG NGA, NG PH S C MI TRNG Phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng l bin php tch cc, mang tnh ch ng, n cho php hn ch v ngn nga ti ngun cng nh khc phc kp thi s pht thi, pht sinh cc cht nhim, cc s c v cc tai bin mi trng do hot ng ca d n gy nn. V mt tng th, bin php ny bao gm cc ni dung: a) Quy hoch hp l tng mt bng ca D n trn c s xem xt n cc vn mi trng c lin quan nh: - Xc nh vnh ai an ton ca khu m vi khu vc dn c xung quanh. - B tr hp l cc khu vc khai thc, cc khu ph tr, bi xe, khu hnh chnh.

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b) p dng cng ngh, thit b tin tin, hot ng c hiu qu, lm vic chc chn v an ton, t pht thi cc kh c hi, t n v rung, thn thin vi mi trng,... c) Nghim tc thc hin ng ch vn hnh thit b cng ngh, nh lng chnh xc nguyn vt liu, nhin liu qu trnh din ra mc n nh cao, gim bt lng cht thi, n nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cht thi to iu kin thun li cho vic qun l v x l cht thi. i vi mt d n khai thc bauxit th nhng bin php c th l : - Xy dng phng n phng chng chy, n v ni quy an ton chy n; c bit l phng chng chy rng v ma hanh kh; - Ngi lao ng trn khai trng v nh my tuyn phi c hc tp v trang b bo h lao ng y v kp thi. M c cn b ph trch an ton, c nhim v t chc hc tp, hng dn, kim tra thc hin quy nh an ton ca tt c cc b phn cng tc; - Theo di st sao cc d bo v thi tit kh hu c bin php phng kp thi l, lt, bo. C phng n phng s c v v nc ma chy trn bi thi bn; - Nghim tc thc hin ch vn hnh, bo dng thit b cng ngh, xc nh chnh xc lng nguyn liu, nhin liu s dng qu trnh hot ng din ra mc n nh cao nht c th, gim bt lng cht thi, n nh thnh phn cht thi to iu kin cho vic x l cht thi. ng thi s gim tai nn ng tic trong qu trnh sn xut; - p dng y cc gii php phng chng s pht thi bi, kh c hi, n, nh trnh by trn; - C bin php qun l hu hiu cht thi du m v rc thi sinh hot khng cho pht thi ra mi trng xung quanh. 4.5. HON PHC CI TO MI TRNG SAU KHAI THC Hon phc mi trng sau khai thc s bao gm vic a mi trng t nhin (t, nc, sinh thi, cnh quan) ca khu vc m sau khi ng m tr v hoc chuyn sang mt trng thi tt nht c th ng thi thi gii quyt nhng vn c lin quan n mi trng vn ho, kinh t, x hi nh vic lm ca ngi lao ng, iu kin sinh sng tip theo ca gia nh cng nhn vin Do vic xy dng phng n hon phc mi trng phi tun th nhng nguyn tc chung nh sau: - Phng n hon phc mi trng phi c cp ngay khi nghin cu thit k m.

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- Qu trnh hon phc phi c tin hnh song song vi qu trnh sn xut v tun th cc b lut c lin quan (Lut t ai, Lut bo v v pht trin rng, Lut ti nguyn nc) - Tn trng c th phong tc tp qun, vn ho x hi ca a phng. - Hn ch n mc thp nht tc ng ca cht thi trong qu trnh khai thc n cc yu t t nhin nh a hnh, a mo, sinh thi, cnh quan. - t gy xo trn n khu vc v mt kinh t x hi. Yu cu v ci to phc hi mi trng sau khai thc khong sn c a ra trong Ph lc 1 ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 71/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 5 nm 2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph. Theo , m khai thc bauxite thuc dng m khai thc l thin khng c nguy c to dng thi axit, li a hnh dng h m, c su so vi mt bng t nhin th yu cu nh sau: - Thc hin phng php thi trong lp bt khong trng khai thac nhm hon tr mt phn mt bng a hnh; - Cc bi thi qung ui: to ng thot nc ph hp, san gt, ph t mt v trng cy hoc tr li din tch canh tc nu c th; - Cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng phc v khai thc m khng cn nhu cu s dng: tho d tr li mt bng hoc chuyn i mc ch s dng; - Nhng hnh thc phc hi kh thi khc. Ni dung v bin php hon phc mi trng khi ngng khai thc m: 4.5.1. Cng tc chun b Trc khi tin hnh ng ca m, ch u t phi lp n ng ca m theo quyt nh ca B trng B Cng nghip s 1456/Q-CKS ngy 4 thng 9 nm 1997 v vic ban hnh Quy ch ng ca m cc khong sn rn. Ni dung ca n ng ca m phi lm r cc vn sau y: - Tm tt lch s khai thc m. - Tr lng khong sn theo bo co c nh gi, xt duyt, tr lng khai thc theo thit k, tr lng thc t khai thc, t l tn tht . - Gii trnh v l do ng ca m. - Hin trng, s lng, khi lng v mc an ton cc cng trnh m. - Khi lng cng vic v bin php ng ca m, trong lm r cc bin php bo v ti nguyn khong sn cha khai thc, nhng cng vic phi lm m bo an ton sau khi ng ca m, k c cc bi thi ca m v bin php phc hi t ai v mi trng lin quan. - Kin ngh v vic bo v hoc s dng hp l cc cng trnh m v khu vc khai thc m sau khi hon thnh cng vic ng ca m. - Khi lng tin thc hin cc cng vic ca n v thi gian hon thnh. - Chi ph ng ca m v c s m bo cho ngun kinh ph , k c nhng khon bi thng thit hi do vic ng ca m gy ra. 45

- Thng nht cc cng trnh bn giao a phng qun l v s dng. Tho d v di chuyn thit b sang cc cng trnh khc. Tho d cc cng trnh khng cn thit. - Chun b phng n san lp hoc ro chn cc hm h ho rnh phng tai nn cho ngi v sc vt. 4.5.2. Khi phc v ci to a hnh, cnh quan Yu cu khi phc v ci to a hnh n nh, ph hp vi cnh quan cho nhu cu s dng tip theo: - San lp mt bng cng nghip to cnh quan khu vc c bi c, h nc v i... i vi cc i cng nh h nc phi c cc bc thang v dc thch hp n nh b dc trnh st l khi ma gi. - B tr h thng thot nc nhm bo v a hnh sau khi khi phc ci to. D n s c h thng mng v k m bo vic thot nc khng gy st l v nhim mi trng, h thng ny s c kim tra tu b trc khi tin hnh ng ca m. - La chn cy trng ph hp vi iu kin th nhng hay theo thit k khun vin nu d kin chuyn thnh khu du lch hoc iu dng. Hoc c th bn giao t li cho a phng qun l theo mc ch ring. 4.5.3. Qun l t mu v hon th t trng y l yu t rt quan trng trong khai thc l thin, c bit l vi cc vng m nm trn din tch t trng, hoc trong khu vc c lp t ph dy v tng qung mng. Qun l t mu v hon th t trng gm cc ni dung nh sau: - Lp t ph sau khi bc phi c thu gom vo mt khu vc bo qun, khng c ln vi cc lp t , cui si khc v phi c bin php phng nga b ra tri khi ma gi. - Lp t ph c thu gom phi nhanh chng c s dng hn ch s pht trin ca cy di cng nh cc loi sinh vt khc (c trong t ph), ngha l tn dng lp t mu, cng tc hon th phi tin hnh ng thi trong giai on ang khai thc nhng khu vc khai thc xong. - Trong trng hp lp t mu khng c s dng ngay th phi thu gom ring r vi lp t ph v t thi. Cc bi t ph nn la chn nhng a im c tng nn v a hnh thch hp. Khi hon th xong phi tin hnh cc bin php nhm hn ch s ra tri hoc thoi ho t. 4.5.4. Vn mi trng kinh t- x hi y l vn phc tp nht khi m ngng khai thc hon ton, bi mt lng ln lao ng s b di d hnh thnh cc cm dn c mi l cc gia nh ca cng nhn vin khi hnh thnh khu m. Vic b tr lao ng v gii quyt vn dn c mi s p dng cc bin php sau: 46

- To ra vic lm mi nhng m mi trong khu vc. - Tho lun v thng nht vi a phng trong vic hnh thnh cc cm dn c mi l gia nh cng nhn m v to c hi h c c hi ho nhp vi cng ng dn c a phng np sng, vn ho, tp tc. - Nu khng th b tr c vic lm trong cc khu m khc cng tnh cht cng vic th s h tr cng nhn lm vic trong nhng ngnh kinh t khc bng cc chnh sch h tr kinh ph chuyn i ngnh ngh cho cng nhn m ph hp, nhu cu th trng ti khu vc v ph hp vi sc khe, s thch ca tng c nhn. - p dng y v kp thi mi ch chnh sch ca nh nc v tnh quy nh i vi cng tc x hi cho cn b cng nhn ca m. 4.5. D ton chi ph phc hi mi trng d ton chi ph phc hi mi trng sau khai thc, ch d n cn xy dng mt chng trnh phc hi mi trng trong xc nh r nhng cng vic cn lm v phng n thc hin i vi tng hng mc cng trnh da trn nhng nguyn tc c xc nh trn. (Ph lc 2 ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 71/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 5 nm 2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v k qu ci to, phc hi mi trng i vi hot ng khai thc khong sn a ra phng php tnh d ton chi ph ci to, phc hi mi trng) Theo , tng d ton ci to phc hi mi trng i vi cc d n khai thc v tuyn qung Bauxite s bng tng cc chi ph thc hin cc hng mc di y: - Chi ph lu gi t mt: bao gm chi ph xy ng khu lu gi ring bn cnh hoc trong bi thi ca m. Nu m ch c t mt m khng c t thi th khng cn khon chi ph ny; - Chi ph san gt mt bng sau khi kt thc khai thc nhng a im cn ti to mt bng nh: sn cng nghip, moong khai thc, bi thi v cc cng trnh khc ca m; TT Tn cng trnh Khi lng, m2 n gi, /m2 Thnh tin, 106 ng

Tng cng

.. m2

. triu ng

- Chi ph cng c b m sau khi kt thc khai thc: bao gm chi ph to dc b m theo quy phm khai thc l thin, chi ph trng cc loi cy gi n nh b m ti cc vng t yu; - Chi ph ci to, gia c cc hng mc cng trnh cn thit nh h thng thot nc, mng dn, cc p ngn ca h cha bn

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- Chi ph tho d nhng cng trnh hin c trn mt bng khng cn nhu cu s dng na khi ng ca m; - i vi nhng m sau khai thc li moong khai thc l mt h m, chi ph p ngn nc, ngn con ngi v sc vt tip cn h m sau khai thc v chi ph to h thng thot nc cho h m. nhng ni c th bo v c th khon chi ph ny dng lm hng ro vnh cu hoc trng cy mt dy trn v t bin bo xung quanh khu vc h m nguy him. Nhng bin bo ny s tn ti vnh vin, c ni dung r rng v su, c hay khng c bi ti h m; - Chi ph a t mt ti nhng a im phc hi mi trng bng cch ph xanh, k c san gt to mt bng khu trng cy; TT Tn cng trnh Khi lng, m3 n gi, /m3 Thnh tin, 106 ng

Tng cng

. m3

triu ng

- Chi ph trng cy bao gm chi ph mua cy ging, o h trng cy, bn lt chm sc trong thi k 2 - 5 nm u, trng dm cy cht; - Chi ph hnh chnh phc v cho cng tc ci to, phc hi mi trng ly theo quy nh hin hnh; - Chi ph lp D n phc hi, ci to mi trng bao gm c chi ph thm nh, thit k, xt duyt; - Nhng khon chi ph khc (nu c). Cc khon chi ph c lin quan n xy dng trn c th c tng hp v a vo mt bng chung nh sau: Chi ph xy dng TT 1 2 3 4 5 Hng mc Cng thot nc K dc Tng bao Ro mt co loi Bin bo n v m m2 m2 m2 Khi lng n gi /m /m2 /m2 Thnh tin

n gi cc hng mc cng vic p dng trong tnh ton chi ph ci to phc hi mi trng c th tham kho cc cn c sau:

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- n gi xy dng cng trnh ca Tnh; - Quyt nh s 71/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 5 nm 2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v k qu ci to, phc hi mi trng i vi hot ng khai thc khong sn; - Thng t 09/KH ngy 13/9/1994 ca B Lm nghip v vic hng dn thc hin nh mc xut vn u t lm sinh tnh tng chi ph trng cy; - Quyt nh s 13/2005/Q-BNN ngy 15 thng 3 nm 2005 ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn v vic Ban hnh Danh mc ging cy lm nghip chnh; - Cng vn s 1751/BXD-VP ngy 14/8/2007 ca B Xy Dng v vic cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh; - Vn bn s 1028/BXD-VP ngy 03/6/2009 ca B Xy Dng v vic cng b ch s gi xy dng qu I nm 2009, chnh lch v gi ca cc hng mc cng trnh c trnh by ti bng sau: Bng 2.1: Ch s gi xy dng ca mt s hng mc cng trnh qu 2 nm 2008 so vi nm 2006 Cng trnh Vt liu Nhn cng My Thi cng Cng ngh VLXD 1,37 2,36 1,30 Thot nc 1,38 2,12 1,30 X l nc 1,31 2,12 1,30 Chng 5 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG ra mt chng trnh nhm qun l cc vn v bo v mi trng trong qu trnh chun b, xy dng cc cng trnh ca d n v trong qu trnh d n i vo vn hnh. Chng trnh qun l mi trng c xy dng trn c s tng hp t cc chng 1, 3, 4 di dng bng, bao gm cc thng tin v: cc hot ng ca d n trong qu trnh chun b, xy dng v vn hnh; cc tc ng mi trng; cc bin php gim thiu tc ng c hi (cc cng trnh x l v qun l cht thi km theo ch dn c th v chng loi v c tnh k thut; cng trnh x l mi trng i vi cc yu t khc ngoi cht thi; cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng; cc bin php phc hi mi trng nu c; chng trnh gio dc, o to v mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng c hi khc); kinh ph thc hin; thi gian biu thc hin v hon thnh; c quan thc hin v c quan gim st thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng.

49

Bng 5.1 Chng trnh qun l Mi trng

Hot ng Tc ng mi ca d n trng Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu v bin php qunl MT Thi hn hon th nh v d tr kinh ph C quan thc hin C quan gim st

Giai on chun b

Thay i mc ch s dng t Di dn ti nh c Tc ng x hi

Giai on vn hnh

Mi trng kh Mi trng nc Mi trng t Kinh t x hi S c ri ro

5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG ra chng trnh nhm gim st cc cht thi pht sinh trong sut qu trnh chun b, xy dng v vn hnh ca d n: 5.2.1. Gim st cht thi: i hi phi gim st lu lng/tng lng thi v gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho cht thi ca d n theo tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam, vi tn sut ti thiu 03 (ba) thng mt ln. Cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy chun hin hnh. i vi cc d n pht sinh ngun nc thi, kh thi ln, tim n nguy c gy nhim mi trng mc cao, phi c phng n thit k v lp t cc thit b o lu lng v quan trc t ng, lin tc cc thng s nhim c trng trong cht thi c quan thm nh v ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng xem xt, quyt nh. 5.2.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh: ch phi gim st nhng thng s 50

nhim c trng cho d n theo tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim st chung ca c quan nh nc, vi tn sut ti thiu 06 (su) thng mt ln. Cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy chun hin hnh. 5.2.3. Gim st khc: ch phi gim st cc yu t: xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; xi l b sng, b sui; bi lng lng sng, lng sui; thay i mc nc mt, nc di t v cc tc ng ti cc i tng t nhin v kinh t - x hi khc (nu c) vi tn sut ph hp nhm theo di c s bin i theo khng gian v thi gian ca cc yu t ny. Cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy chun hin hnh. 5.3. D TON KINH PH CHO CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG Vic thc hin chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng s do chnh ch d n chu trch nhim. Do vy, cn a ra cc khon kinh ph d ton m bo cho vic thc hin y cc hot ng qun l v gim st cht thi v mi trng xung quanh nh chng trnh t ra.

Chng 6 THAM VN KIN CNG NG Ni dung chng tham vn kin cng ng bao gm: 1) Cng vn ca Ch u t gi UBND v UBMTTQ x phng c khu vc d n. Trong cng vn, Ch u t phi trnh by r rng, minh bch v ni dung khi qut v mc ch D n, nhng tc ng tch cc v tiu cc ca D n i vi mi trng sinh thi v kinh t -x hi a phng t d n, nhng gii php d kin ca Ch u t nhm hn ch v khc phc cc tc ng xu ti mi trng khu vc d n,... 2) Cc kin ca cng ng bao gm: - kin ca cc h dn sng trong khu vc d n, c bit cc h dn gn khu vc bi cha, ng ra vo tiu th ct, cc h dn phi di di (nu c). - UBND x phng c khu vc d n. - UBMTTQ x phng c khu vc d n. Cc vn bn tham vn cn y ch k, ghi r h tn, nu l c quan phi ng du. Cc phiu iu tra a v ph lc ca bo co. 51

3) kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x: i vi tng ni dung kin, yu cu ca y ban nhn dn cp x v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x, ch d n cn nu r quan im ca mnh ng hay khng ng ; trng hp ng th cn nu r cc cam kt ca ch d n p ng kin, yu cu ny c trnh by ni dung (chng, mc) no ca bo co; trng hp khng ng th cn nu r l do ti sao.

KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT 1. KT LUN Phi c kt lun v nhng vn , nh: nhn dng v nh gi c ht nhng tc ng cha, nhng vn g cn cha d bo c; nh gi tng qut v mc , quy m ca nhng tc ng xc nh; mc kh thi ca cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu v phng chng, ng ph cc s c, ri ro mi trng; nhng tc ng tiu cc no khng th c bin php gim thiu v vt qu kh nng cho php ca ch d n v nu r l do. 2. KIN NGH Kin ngh vi cc cp, cc ngnh lin quan gip gii quyt nhng vn vt kh nng gii quyt ca d n. Th d : Kin ngh B TN&MT cho php Doanh nghip tip tc thm d m rng (hoc xung su) tn thu ti a ti nguyn lng t ; ngh chnh quyn a phng h tr Doanh nghip trong vn thu t lm bi cha, vn di di ti nh c,... ; Kin ngh B Cng Thng to iu kin, gip Doanh mghip nhp cng ngh, thit b tin tin,... 3. CAM KT Cc cam kt ca ch d n v vic thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng, chng trnh gim st mi trng nh nu trong Chng 5 (bao gm cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut mi trng m d n bt buc phi p dng); thc hin cc cam kt vi cng ng nh nu ti mc 6.3 Chng 6 ca bo co TM; tun th cc quy nh chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan n cc giai on ca d n, gm: - Cc cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng s thc hin v hon thnh trong cc giai on chun b v xy dng n thi im trc khi d n i vo vn hnh chnh thc;

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- Cc cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng s c thc hin trong giai on t khi d n i vo vn hnh chnh thc cho n khi kt thc d n; - Cam kt v n b v khc phc nhim mi trng trong trng hp cc s c, ri ro mi trng xy ra do trin khai d n; - Cam kt phc hi mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng sau khi d n kt thc vn hnh.

PH LC
-10+1mm

nh km trong Ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cc loi ti liu sau y: - Bn sao cc vn bn php l lin quan n d n; - Cc s (bn v, bn ) khc lin quan n d n nhng cha c th hin trong cc chng ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; - Cc phiu kt qu phn tch cc thnh phn mi trng (khng kh, ting n, nc, t, trm tch, ti nguyn sinh hc ) c ch k km theo h tn, chc danh ca Th trng c quan phn tch v ng du; - Bn sao cc vn bn lin quan n tham vn cng ng v cc phiu iu tra x hi hc (nu c); - Cc hnh nh lin quan n khu vc d n (nu c); - Cc ti liu lin quan khc (nu c). -------------------------------

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